Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)

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Chief of the Defence Force
Flag of Chief of the Defence Force (Australia).svg
160706-N-FK070-001 Vice Adm. David Johnston (Johnston cropped).jpg
Incumbent
David Johnston
since 10 July 2024
Style Admiral
General
Air Chief Marshal
AbbreviationCDF
Member of Australian Defence Force
Reports to Minister for Defence
Term length Four years [1]
Formation23 March 1958
First holderLieutenant General
Sir Henry Wells
Deputy Vice Chief of the Defence Force
Website Official website

The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) is the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and is the principal military advisor to the National Security Committee and the Minister for Defence. The current Chief of the Defence Force is Admiral David Johnston, who took office on 10 July 2024.

Contents

Responsibilities

The CDF commands the ADF under the direction of the Minister for Defence and provides advice on matters that relate to military activity, including military operations. [2] In a diarchy, the CDF serves as co-chairman of the Defence Committee, conjointly with the Secretary of Defence, in the command and control of the Australian Defence Organisation. [3]

The CDF is the Australian equivalent position of what in NATO and the European Union is known as the Chief of Defence, in the United Kingdom is known as the Chief of the Defence Staff, and in the United States is known as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, although with the latter prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the US Armed Forces. [4]

Constitutionally, the Governor-General of Australia, is the de jure Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. However, in practice, the Australian Government de facto exercises executive power via the Federal Executive Council. [5] The CDF is appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of his/her ministers. The appointment is politically neutral, as are all military positions, and not affected by a change of government.

Since 4 July 2014, the CDF is appointed for a fixed four-year term under the Defence Act (1903). Prior to this date, the appointment was for three years. [1] The position of CDF is notionally rotated between the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force. However, in practice this has not been the case; of twenty appointees, twelve have been from the Army, six from the Navy and four from the Air Force. [6]

During peacetime, the Chief of the Defence Force is the only four-star officer in the ADF (admiral, general, or air chief marshal). The CDF is assisted by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) and serves as the Chairman of the Chiefs of Service Committee, composed of the service chiefs: the Chief of Navy (CN), Chief of Army (CA), and Chief of Air Force (CAF), all of whom are three-star officers (vice admiral, lieutenant general, and air marshal), as is the VCDF.

History

Prior to 1958 there was no CDF or equivalent; a Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) existed but no separate position was established as its senior officer. Instead, the senior service chief served as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. [7] In March 1958, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells was appointed Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, a role independent of and notionally senior to the Army, Navy and Air Force chiefs. However, Wells and his successors did not command the Australian armed forces in any legal sense; the chairman had only an advisory role in the running of the separate services. In February 1976, COSC was dissolved and the new position of Chief of Defence Force Staff (CDFS) was created with command authority over the ADF. In October 1984 the position was renamed Chief of the Defence Force to more clearly reflect the role and its authority. [8]

Appointments

The following list chronologically records those who have held the post of Chief of the Defence Force or its preceding positions. The official title of the position at that period of time is listed immediately before the officers who held the role. The honours are as at the completion of the individual's term.

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeDefence branch
Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee
1
Henry Wells 120535.JPG
Wells, Henry Lieutenant General
Sir Henry Wells KBE , CB , DSO
(1898–1973)
23 March 195822 March 1959364 days Army
2
Roy Dowling 107003.JPG
Dowling, Roy Vice Admiral
Sir Roy Dowling KBE , CB , DSO
(1901–1969)
23 March 195927 May 19612 years, 65 days Navy
3
044726AirChiefMarshalScherger.jpg
Scherger, Frederick Air Chief Marshal
Sir Frederick Scherger KBE , CB , DSO , AFC
(1904–1984)
28 May 196118 May 19664 years, 355 days Air force
4
116302WiltonPortrait1945.jpg
Wilton, John General
Sir John Wilton KBE , CB , DSO
(1910–1981)
19 May 196622 November 19704 years, 187 daysArmy
5
Admiral Victor Smith.jpg
Smith, Victor Admiral
Sir Victor Smith AC , KBE , CB , DSC
(1913–1998)
23 November 197023 November 19755 years, 0 daysNavy
6
Francis Hassett AWM HOBJ2314.jpg
Hassett, FrankGeneral
Frank Hassett AC , CB , CBE , DSO , LVO
(1918–2008)
24 November 19758 February 197676 daysArmy
Chief of Defence Force Staff
6
No image.png
Hassett, FrankGeneral
Sir Frank Hassett AC , KBE , CB , DSO , LVO
(1918–2008)
9 February 197620 April 19771 year, 70 daysArmy
7
General Arthur J MacDonald (cropped).jpg
MacDonald, ArthurGeneral
Sir Arthur MacDonald KBE , CB
(1919–1995)
21 April 197720 April 19791 year, 364 daysArmy
8
Admiral Anthony Synnot.jpg
Synnot, ArthurAdmiral
Sir Anthony Synnot KBE , AO
(1922–2001)
21 April 197920 April 19822 years, 364 daysNavy
9
P02032.002NevMcNamara.jpg
McNamara, NevilleAir Chief Marshal
Sir Neville McNamara KBE , AO , AFC , AE
(1923–2014)
21 April 198212 April 19841 year, 357 daysAir force
10
Sir Phillip Bennett preparing to lay wreath, May 7, 1992.JPEG
Bennett, PhillipGeneral
Sir Phillip Bennett AC , KBE , DSO
(1928–2023)
13 April 198425 October 1984195 daysArmy
Chief of the Defence Force
10
No image.png
Bennett, PhillipGeneral
Sir Phillip Bennett AC , KBE , DSO
(1928–2023)
26 October 198412 April 19872 years, 168 daysArmy
11
No image.png
Gration, PeterGeneral
Peter Gration AC , OBE
(born 1932)
13 April 198716 April 19936 years, 3 daysArmy
12
Alan Beaumont.jpg
Beaumont, AlanAdmiral
Alan Beaumont AC
(1934–2004)
17 April 19936 July 19952 years, 80 daysNavy
13
General John Baker.jpg
Baker, JohnGeneral
John Baker AC , DSM
(1936–2007)
7 July 19953 July 19982 years, 361 daysArmy
14
Chris Barrie (7006248205) (cropped).jpg
Barrie, ChrisAdmiral
Chris Barrie AC
(born 1945)
4 July 19983 July 20023 years, 364 daysNavy
15
Peter Cosgrove 2017 (1) crop.jpg
Cosgrove, PeterGeneral
Peter Cosgrove AC , MC
(born 1947)
4 July 20023 July 20052 years, 364 daysArmy
16
Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston.jpg
Houston, AngusAir Chief Marshal
Angus Houston AC , AFC
(born 1947)
4 July 20053 July 20115 years, 364 daysAir force
17
David Hurley (cropped).jpg
Hurley, DavidGeneral
David Hurley AC , DSC
(born 1953)
4 July 201130 June 20142 years, 361 daysArmy
18
1Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin 180420-D-PB383-002 (cropped).jpg
Binskin, MarkAir Chief Marshal
Mark Binskin AC
(born 1960)
30 June 20146 July 20184 years, 6 daysAir force
19
Angus Campbell.jpg
Campbell, AngusGeneral
Angus Campbell AO , DSC
6 July 201810 July 20246 years, 4 daysArmy
20
160706-N-FK070-001 Vice Adm. David Johnston (Johnston cropped).jpg
Johnston, DavidAdmiral
David Johnston AC
(born 1962)
10 July 2024Incumbent212 daysNavy

Timeline

David Johnston (admiral)Angus Campbell (general)Mark BinskinDavid HurleyAngus HoustonPeter CosgroveChris Barrie (admiral)John Baker (general)Alan BeaumontPeter GrationPhillip BennettPhillip BennettNeville McNamaraAnthony SynnotArthur MacDonaldFrank HassettFrank HassettVictor SmithJohn Wilton (general)Frederick SchergerRoy DowlingHenry Wells (general)Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)

References

  1. 1 2 "New Australian Defence Force Command Team" (Press release). Office of the Prime Minister of Australia. 4 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  2. "Chief of the Defence Force – Roles and Responsibilities". Department of Defence . Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  3. "The Secretary and Chief of the Defence Force – "the Diarchy"". Department of Defence . Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  4. 10 USC 152. Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
  5. Federal Executive Council Handbook. Commonwealth of Australia. September 2009. ISBN   978-0-9752387-2-1. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. "Chief of the Defence Force: Previous Chiefs". Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
  7. Rowell, Full Circle, p. 178
  8. Horner, David (2002). "The Evolution of Australian Higher Command Arrangements". Command Papers. Canberra: Centre for Defence Leadership Studies, Australian Defence College. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.