Lieutenant general (Australia)

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Lieutenant general
Australian Army Lieutenant General 2025.svg
The LTGEN insignia of the Tudor Crown above a crossed sword and baton, with the word 'Australia' at the bottom.
CountryAustralia
Service branch Australian Army
AbbreviationLTGEN
Rank Three-star
NATO rank code OF-8
Non-NATO rank O-9
Formation1917
Next higher rank General
Next lower rank Major general
Equivalent ranks Vice admiral (RAN)
Air marshal (RAAF)

Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'lef-tenant general') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army. It was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general, and is considered a three-star rank.

Contents

The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Joint Capabilities. The Chief of Capability Development Group, disestablished in 2016, also carried three-star rank.

Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent of vice admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force. The insignia for a lieutenant general is the Crown of St Edward above a crossed sword and baton. [1] [Note 1]

Australian Army lieutenants general

The first Australian lieutenant general was Sir Harry Chauvel in 1917.

CGS/CA – Chief of the General Staff and Chief of Army

From 1 January 1909 to 18 February 1997, the most senior Australian Army position was named Chief of the General Staff. The first Australian to occupy this position was Colonel William Throsby Bridges. The first Australian lieutenant general to occupy this position was Sir Harry Chauvel, from 11 June 1923. Since August 1940, this position, and its successor (Chief of Army), have been held by Australian lieutenant generals.

Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1958–1965)

In March 1958, the role of Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee was created, but with no command authority. This was initially occupied by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Wells (March 1958 – March 1959), and was rotated through the three services, hence (briefly) providing a three-star position available to army officers. In 1968 this became a four-star position. It was replaced in February 1976 by a new position, Chief of Defence Force Staff, with command authority over the Australian Defence Force, and in October 1984 the position was renamed Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) to more clearly reflect the role and its authority.

Vice Chief of the Defence Force (since 1986)

In June 1986, the three-star position Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF) was created. As with CDF, this position rotates between the forces. Lieutenant General John Baker was the first army officer to occupy the position (October 1992 – April 1995).

Chief of Capability Development Group (2003–2016)

A third three-star position, Chief of Capability Development Group (CCDG), which also rotates between the forces, was created in 2003. Lieutenant General John Caligari was the final officer of three-star rank to hold the position before it was disestablished in 2016

Chief of Joint Operations (since 2007)

In September 2007, a fourth three-star position, Chief of Joint Operations, was created.

Equivalents

There are two other permanent three-star positions in the Australian Defence Force, Chief of Navy and Chief of Air Force. There are also a number of other three-star-equivalent positions in the Australian Defence Organisation, but these are all held by civilians.

List of lieutenants general

  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the officer was subsequently promoted to general.
  This along with the + (plus sign) indicates that the officer retired with the honorary rank of lieutenant general.
  This along with the ^ (arrowhead) indicates that the officer is a currently serving lieutenant general.

The following people have held the rank of lieutenant general in the Australian Army:

NameDate of promotionSenior command(s) or appointment(s) in rankNotes
Sir Harry Chauvel *31 December 1919 [Note 2] Chief of the General Staff (1923–30), [Note 3] Inspector General of the Australian Army (1919–30), Desert Mounted Corps (1917–19) [4]
Sir John Monash *1 January 1920 [Note 4] Director General of Repatriation (1918–19), Australian Corps (1918) [6]
George Lee +13 May 1920 [7]
John William Parnell +1 June 1920 [8]
James Gordon Legge +14 January 1924 [9]
Sir James McCay +21 December 1926 [10]
Sir Talbot Hobbs +24 August 1927 [11]
Ernest Squires 30 June 1938Chief of the General Staff (1939–40), Inspector General of the Australian Army (1938–39) [12]
Sir Brudenell White *17 August 1939 [Note 5] Chief of the General Staff (1920–23, 1940) [15]
Sir Thomas Blamey *13 October 1939 I Corps (1940–41) [17]
Sir Vernon Sturdee 13 October 1939Chief of the General Staff (1940–42, 1946–50), First Army (1944–45) [18]
Sir John Lavarack 13 October 1939 /
18 June 1941 [Note 6] 		First Army (1942–44), I Corps (1941–42), Southern Command (1939–40) [20] [21]
Edward Smart 24 October 1940Southern Command (1940–42) [18]
Sir Iven Mackay 1 September 1941 New Guinea Force (1943–44), Second Army (1942–44) [22]
Sir John Northcott 6 April 1942 British Commonwealth Occupation Force (1946), Chief of the General Staff (1940, 1942–45) [18]
Henry Wynter 6 April 1942Lieutenant General Administration at Allied Land Headquarters (1942–44), Eastern Command (1941–42) [23]
Gordon Bennett 1 September 1942 III Corps (1942–44) [24]
Sir Edmund Herring 1 September 1942I Corps (1942–44), New Guinea Force (1942–43), II Corps (1942) [25]
Sir Carl Jess 1 September 1942Chairman of the Manpower Committee (1939–44) [26]
Charles Miles 1 September 1942Eastern Command (1940–41) [27] [28]
Sir Leslie Morshead 1 September 1942I Corps (1944–45), Second Army (1944), New Guinea Force (1944), II Corps (1943) [18]
Sir Stanley Savige 10 February 1944II Corps (1944–45), New Guinea Force (1944), I Corps (1944) [18]
John Whitham +4 April 1946 [Note 7] Southern Command (1940) [30]
Sir Frank Berryman 1 October 1948Eastern Command (1946–53), I Corps (1944), II Corps (1943–44) [31]
Sir Horace Robertson 1 October 1948Southern Command (1953–54), British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1951), British Commonwealth Occupation Force (1946–51), First Army (1945–46) [31]
Sir Sydney Rowell 1 October 1948 [Note 8] Chief of the General Staff (1950–54), Vice Chief of the General Staff (1946–50), I Corps (1942) [32]
Cyril Clowes +1 June 1949 [33]
Allan Boase +20 February 1951Southern Command (1949–51) [34]
Sir William Bridgeford +14 March 1953British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1951–53), Eastern Command (1951) [35]
Victor Secombe +4 April 1954Northern Command (1952–54), Eastern Command (1951–52) [36]
Sir Henry Wells 12 April 1954 [Note 9] Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1958–59), Chief of the General Staff (1954–58), British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1953–54), Southern Command (1951–53) [38]
Rudolph Bierwirth 13 October 1954British Commonwealth Forces Korea (1954–56) [39]
Sir Eric Woodward 30 October 1954Eastern Command (1953–57) [40]
Robert Nimmo +15 November 1954 United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (1952–66) [41]
Sir Ragnar Garrett 16 December 1954Chief of the General Staff (1958–60), Southern Command (1954–58) [42]
Sir Reginald Pollard 1 August 1957Chief of the General Staff (1960–63), Eastern Command (1957–60) [43]
Hector Edgar 23 March 1958Eastern Command (1960–63), Southern Command (1958–60) [44]
Sir John Wilton *21 January 1963Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (1966–70), [Note 10] Chief of the General Staff (1963–66) [45]
Sir Thomas Daly 19 May 1966Chief of the General Staff (1966–71) [46]
Sir Mervyn Brogan 19 May 1971Chief of the General Staff (1971–73) [47]
Sir Francis Hassett *20 November 1973Chief of the General Staff (1973–75) [48]
Sir Arthur MacDonald *24 November 1975Chief of the General Staff (1975–77) [49]
Sir Donald Dunstan 21 April 1977Chief of the General Staff (1977–82) [50]
Sir Phillip Bennett *15 February 1982Chief of the General Staff (1982–84) [51]
Peter Gration *1984Chief of the General Staff (1984–87) [52]
Lawrence O'Donnell 1987Chief of the General Staff (1987–90) [53]
John Coates 1990Chief of the General Staff (1990–92) [54]
John Sanderson 1992 Chief of Army (1995–98), [Note 11] Commander Joint Forces Australia (1993–95), Commander United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992–93) [55]
John Grey 1992Chief of the General Staff (1992–95) [56]
John Baker *1992 Vice Chief of the Defence Force (1992–95) [57]
Frank Hickling 1998Chief of Army (1998–2000) [58]
Desmond Mueller 2000Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2000–02) [59]
Peter Cosgrove *2000Chief of Army (2000–02) [60]
Peter Leahy 2002Chief of Army (2002–08) [61]
David Hurley *2003Vice Chief of Defence Force (2008–11), Chief of Joint Operations (2007–08), Chief of Capability Development Group (2003–07) [62]
Ken Gillespie 2005Chief of Army (2008–11), Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2005–08) [63]
Mark Evans 2008Chief of Joint Operations (2008–11) [64]
Ash Power 18 May 2011Chief of Joint Operations (2011–14) [65]
David Morrison 2011Chief of Army (2011–15) [66]
Angus Campbell *2013Chief of Army (2015–18), Commander Operation Sovereign Borders (2013–15) [67]
John Caligari 2014Chief of Capability Development Group (2014–15) [68]
Richard Burr 2018Chief of Army (2018–22) [69]
John Frewen 2018Chief of Joint Capabilities (2021–24), National COVID Vaccine Taskforce (2021–22), Principal Deputy Director Australian Signals Directorate (2018–21) [70]
Greg Bilton 2019Chief of Joint Operations (2019–) [71]
Gavan Reynolds 2020Chief of Defence Intelligence (2020–) [72]
Simon Stuart ^2022Chief of Army (2022–) [73]
Natasha Fox ^5 June 2023Chief of Personnel (2023–) [74]
Michelle McGuinness ^2024National Cyber Security Coordinator (2024–) [75]
Susan Coyle ^2024Chief of Joint Capabilities (2024–) [76]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Australian Army officer rank insignia are identical to British Army officer rank insignia, with the difference that Australian insignia have the word "Australia" below them.
  2. ↑ Chauvel was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 2 August 1917 on assuming command of the Desert Column; his rank was made substantive from 31 December 1919. [2] [3]
  3. ↑ Chauvel was promoted to general in November 1929, the year prior to his retirement.
  4. ↑ Monash was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 1 June 1918 on assuming command of the Australian Corps; his rank was made substantive from 1 January 1920. [5]
  5. ↑ White held the temporary rank of lieutenant general from 28 November 1918 to 15 April 1919 while serving as Chief of Staff, Australian Imperial Force. [13] [14] He transferred to the Unattached List in June 1923 and was placed on the Retired List with the honorary rank of lieutenant general on 17 August 1939, before being recalled to service and promoted to general in March 1940. [15] [16]
  6. ↑ Lavarack accepted a demotion to major general in 1940 to assume command of the 7th Division. [19]
  7. ↑ Whitham was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 2 May 1940 on being appointed General Officer Commanding Southern Command. He was placed on the Retired List in 1941 and, on 4 April 1946, was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant general. [29] [30]
  8. ↑ Rowell was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on assuming command of I Corps in April 1942, but was dismissed from the command in September and subsequently reverted to major general. He was restored to temporary lieutenant general in 1946 on appointment as Vice Chief of the General Staff; his rank was made substantive on 1 October 1948. [32] [31]
  9. ↑ Wells was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 20 February 1951; his rank was made substantive on 12 April 1954. [37]
  10. ↑ Wilton was promoted to general in September 1968, halfway through his term as Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee.
  11. ↑ Sanderson was Chief of the General Staff until the position was re-titled as Chief of Army in February 1997.

References

  1. ↑ "Chapter 4: Badges and Emblems" (PDF). Army Dress Manual. Canberra: Australian Army. 6 June 2014. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2015.
  2. ↑ "Department of Defence". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 7 February 1918. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  3. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 25 November 1920. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  4. ↑ Hill, Alec (1978), Chauvel of the Light Horse: A Biography of General Sir Harry Chauvel, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, ISBN   0-522-84146-5, OCLC   5003626
  5. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 22 April 1920. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  6. ↑ Serle, Geoffrey (1986). "Sir John Monash (1865–1931)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  7. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 25 March 1920. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  8. ↑ Clark, Chris. "John William Parnell (1860–1931)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 13 June 2025.
  9. ↑ Coulthard-Clark, C. D. (1986). "James Gordon Legge (1863–1947)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 10. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 63–65. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  10. ↑ "Australian Military Forces and Senior Cadets". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 21 December 1926. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  11. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 30 June 1927. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  12. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 18 August 1938. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  13. ↑ "Australian Imperial Force". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 24 April 1919. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  14. ↑ "Australian Imperial Force". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 24 July 1919. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  15. 1 2 Grey, Jeffrey (1990). "Sir Cyril Brudenell White (1876–1940)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 12. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 460–463. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  16. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 17 August 1939. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  17. ↑ "Second Australian Imperial Force". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 12 October 1939. Retrieved 4 July 2025.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 The Army List of Officers of the Australian Military Forces. Melbourne: Australian Army. 1950. OCLC   220688670.
  19. ↑ "Australian Imperial Force". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 9 May 1940. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  20. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 12 October 1939. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  21. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 18 December 1941. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  22. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 27 November 1941. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  23. ↑ Perry, Warren (2002). "Henry Douglas Wynter (1886–1945)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 16. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 599–600. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  24. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 20 March 1947. Retrieved 8 June 2025.
  25. ↑ Browne, Geoff. "Sir Edmund Francis (Ned) Herring (1892–1982)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 17. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 520–523. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  26. ↑ Coulthard-Clark, C. D. (1983). "Sir Carl Herman Jess (1884–1948)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 9. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 485–487. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  27. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette . 4 July 1940. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  28. ↑ "Retired List". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 20 March 1947. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  29. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 24 April 1940. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  30. 1 2 "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 15 May 1947. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  31. 1 2 3 "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 4 November 1948. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  32. 1 2 Hill, A. J. "Sir Sydney Fairbairn Rowell (1894–1975)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  33. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 23 June 1949. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  34. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 1 March 1951. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  35. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 9 April 1953. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  36. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 18 March 1954. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  37. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 1 March 1951. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  38. ↑ Andrews, E. M. (2002). "Sir Henry Wells (1898–1973)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 16. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. p. 521. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943.
  39. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 9 September 1954. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  40. ↑ "Sir Eric Winslow Woodward (1899–1967)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943 . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  41. ↑ "Personal". The Advertiser. 24 November 1954. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  42. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 18 November 1954. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  43. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 22 August 1957. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  44. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 30 January 1958. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  45. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 14 June 1962. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  46. ↑ Farquharson, John (9 January 2004). "Daly, Sir Thomas Joseph (Tom) (1913–2004)". Obituaries Australia. Australian National University . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  47. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 15 October 1970. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  48. ↑ "Australian Military Forces". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 18 April 1973. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  49. ↑ "Australian Regular Army". Australian Government Gazette. 5 August 1975. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  50. ↑ Cranston, Frank (25 February 1977). "Defence Staff Chief Resigns: Ill Health". Canberra Times. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  51. ↑ "Defence Act 1903". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. 12 January 1982. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  52. ↑ "Peter Courtney Gration". Who's Who in Australia Online. Crown Content. Retrieved 17 February 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  53. ↑ "Queen's Birthday Honours". Canberra Times. 12 July 1989. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  54. ↑ "Lieutenant General Henry John Coates". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  55. ↑ "Lieutenant General John Murray Sanderson, AC". Australian War Museum.
  56. ↑ "Lieutenant General John Cedric Grey". Who's Who in Australia Online. Connect Web. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  57. ↑ "Short biography (and service record) of General John Stuart Baker AC, DSM". MECC 200/07 (Press release). Department of Defence, Australian Government. 10 July 2007.
  58. ↑ Singh, Shivani (2010). Who's Who in Australia 2010 . Melbourne, Australia: Crown Content. ISBN   978-1-74095-172-2.
  59. ↑ "LTGEN Desmond Mueller". Biography (Press release). Department of Defence. 2 May 2000.
  60. ↑ "Biographies of Peter and Lynne Cosgrove". Governor-General of Australia. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  61. ↑ "Lieutenant General Professor Peter Francis Leahy". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  62. ↑ "General David Hurley, AC, DSC". Biography. Department of Defence, Australian Government.
  63. ↑ "Biography: LTGEN Ken Gillespie". Department of Defence, Australian Government. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  64. ↑ "Lt-Gen. (Rtd) Mark Evans". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 18 June 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  65. ↑ "Lieutenant General Ash Power, AO, CSC: Chief Joint Operations". Senior Leaders. Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  66. ↑ "Chief of Army – Lieutenant General David Morrison, AO". Australian Army. Archived from the original on 4 August 2013.
  67. ↑ "Major General Angus Campbell promoted to Lieutenant General". Defence News. Department of Defence, Australian Government. 19 September 2013.
  68. ↑ "Lieutenant General John Graham Caligari". Who's Who in Australia Online. ConnectWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  69. ↑ "Chief of Army's Biography: Lieutenant General Rick Burr AO DSC MVO". Leaders. Australian Army. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  70. ↑ "Chief of Joint Capabilities: Lieutenant General John Frewen, DSC, AM". Leaders. Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  71. ↑ "Chief of Joint Operations: Lieutenant General Greg Bilton, AM, CSC". Defence Leaders. Department of Defence. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  72. ↑ McLaughlin, Andrew (3 July 2020). "Defence Intelligence Group Formed". ADBR. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  73. ↑ Marles, Richard (28 June 2022). "ADF Senior Leadership Appointments". Media Releases. Office of the Minister for Defence. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  74. ↑ "Deputy Chief of Army: Major General Natasha Fox AM, CSC". Australian Army. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  75. ↑ Worthington, Brett (25 February 2024). "Lieutenant General Michelle McGuinness Appointed National Cyber Security Coordinator". ABC News. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  76. ↑ "Command Change Marks First Female Domain Lead". Defence News. Department of Defence. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
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