Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
صدرنشین مجلسِ مشترکہَ رؤسائے افواجِ پاکستان
Flag of the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
Incumbent General Sahir Shamshad Mirza since 27 November 2022
Pakistan Armed Forces
Type	Four-star officer
Status	Leader of the Armed Forces, Highest ranking military officer
Abbreviation	CJCSC
Member of	Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee National Security Council National Command Authority
Reports to	Minister of Defence
Residence	Islamabad, Pakistan
Seat	Joint Staff Headquarters Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Nominator	Prime Minister of Pakistan
Appointer	President of Pakistan
Term length	3 years Renewable once
Precursor	Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force
Formation	1 March 1976;49 years ago (1976-03-01)
First holder	General Muhammad Sharif
Deputy	Vice Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) ^[a] is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most uniformed military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal staff officer (PSO) and a chief military adviser to the civilian government led by elected prime minister of Pakistan and the National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral parliament and the ministry of Defence. ^{[1] : 42} The chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the chairman, the chief of the Army Staff and chief of the Air Staff and the chief of the Naval Staff, commandant of marines, director general Coast Guards and Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the Civil Armed Forces and the National Guard. ^{[2] : 145–146}

Even as the principal staff officer (PSO), the chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. ^{[3] : 145} The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, navy and air force are much in command and control of their respected commands. ^{[3] : 146–147}

The chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications to the combatant commanders from the prime minister and president as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. ^{[3] : 146–147} The chairman is nominated and appointed by the prime minister; and is finally confirmed by the president. ^{[3] : 147} Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the prime minister. By statute, the chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have vast experience in joint uniformed services of Pakistan during their 40-year-long military careers. ^{[3] : 148}

The post of CJCSC was created by the former prime minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in March 1976, and the first chairman was four star rank officer, General Muhammad Shariff. The current holder of the office is General Sahir Shamshad Mirza appointed in 2022. ^[4]

Appointment preferences

See also: Revolt of the Admiral Bokhari, 1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Interservice rivalry, Institutional discrimination, and Army vs. Navy

Despite the post of the chairmanship is bound constitutionally for the rotation, the army generals are strongly preferred for such post, despite coming short of their qualifications, by the civilian prime ministers in a view of stabilizing the civil military relations. ^{[5] : 229  [6] : 426–427}

Unlike the American system where the balance is made between the branches of the U.S. military, the majority of the chairmen are appointed from the department of the army, superseding the officers in the navy, marines, and the air force. ^[7]

In 1999, Prime Minister Sharif notably refused to appoint the senior most officer, Admiral Fasih Bokhari, to such post in favor of appointing junior-most officer, Gen. Pervez Musharraf. This action of Prime Minister Sharif led towards Adm. Bokhar revolting against this decision in public in 1999, creating strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. ^{[8] [9]}

The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq ^[10] and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. ^[11] In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. ^{[12] [13]}

Seniority in Navy's Candidacy for Chairman joint chiefs	Eventual Appointment for Chairman joint chiefs from Army	Year Zone of appointment
Adm. Fasih Bokhari	Lt-Gen. Pervez Musharraf	1999
Adm. Shahid Karim-ullah	Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq	2006
Adm. Noman Bashir	Lt-Gen. K. Shamim Wynne	2011
Adm. Asif Sandila	Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood	2014

Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. ^[14]

List of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

No.	Portrait	Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Defence branch	Prime Minister
1		Shariff, MuhammadGeneral Muhammad Shariff NI(M) , SI(M) (1921–1999)	1 March 1976	22 January 1977	327 days	Pakistan Army	Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
2		Shariff, MohammadAdmiral Mohammad Shariff NI(M) , HI(M) , SI(M) , HJ , SJ , SK (1920–2020) [b]	22 January 1977	13 April 1980	3 years, 82 days	Pakistan Navy	Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
3		Khan, IqbalGeneral Iqbal Khan NI(M) , SBt (1924–2000)	13 April 1980	22 March 1984	3 years, 344 days	Pakistan Army	*None 1977 – 1985
4		Khan, RahimuddinGeneral Rahimuddin Khan NI(M) , SBt (1926–2022)	22 March 1984	28 March 1987 [15]	3 years, 38 days	Pakistan Army	Junejo, Mohammad Khan Mohammad Khan Junejo
5		Rahman, Akhtar AbdurGeneral Akhtar Abdur Rahman NI(M) , SBt (1924–1988)	29 March 1987	17 August 1988  †	1 year, 110 days	Pakistan Army	Junejo, Mohammad Khan Mohammad Khan Junejo
6		Sirohey, Iftikhar AhmedAdmiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey NI(M) , HI(M) , SI(M) , SBt (1934–2025)	10 November 1988	17 August 1991	2 years, 280 days	Pakistan Navy	Bhutto, Benazir Benazir Bhutto
7		Khan, Shamim AlamGeneral Shamim Allam NI(M) , SJ , SBt (1937–2021)	17 August 1991	9 November 1994	3 years, 84 days	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif
8		Khan, Farooq FerozeAir Chief Marshal Feroz Khan NI(M) , SBt (1939–2021)	10 November 1994	9 November 1997	2 years, 364 days	Pakistan Air Force	Bhutto, Benazir Benazir Bhutto
9		Karamat, JehangirGeneral Jehangir Karamat NI(M) , SBt (born 1941)	9 November 1997	7 October 1998	332 days	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif
10		Musharraf, PervezGeneral Pervez Musharraf NI(M) , TBt (1943–2023)	7 October 1998	7 October 2001	3 years	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif
11		Khan, AzizGeneral Aziz Khan NI(M) , SBt (born 1947)	7 October 2001	7 October 2004	3 years	Pakistan Army	Jamali, Zafarullah Khan Zafarullah Khan Jamali
12		ul Haq, EhsanGeneral Ehsan ul Haq NI(M) (born 1949)	7 October 2004	7 October 2007	3 years	Pakistan Army	Aziz, Shaukat Shaukat Aziz
13		Majid, TariqGeneral Tariq Majid NI(M) , HI(M) (born 1950)	7 October 2007	7 October 2010	3 years	Pakistan Army	Soomro, Muhammad Mian Muhammad Mian Soomro Yousaf Raza Gillani
14		Wynne, Khalid ShameemGeneral Khalid Shameem Wynne NI(M) (1953–2017)	8 October 2010	8 October 2013	3 years	Pakistan Army	Gillani, Yousaf Raza Yousaf Raza Gillani Raja Pervaiz Ashraf Mir Hazar Khan Khoso Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
-		Kayani, Ashfaq ParvezGeneral Ashfaq Parvez Kayani NI(M) , HI(M) (born 1952) Acting	8 October 2013	27 November 2013	50 days	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif
15		Mahmood, RashadGeneral Rashad Mahmood NI(M) (born 1953)	27 November 2013	28 November 2016	3 years, 1 day	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif
16		Hayat, Zubair MahmoodGeneral Zubair Hayat NI(M) (born 1960)	28 November 2016	27 November 2019	2 years, 364 days	Pakistan Army	Sharif, Nawaz Nawaz Sharif Shahid Khaqan Abbasi Imran Khan
17		Raza NaveedGeneral Nadeem Raza NI(M) , HI(M) (born 1965)	27 November 2019	27 November 2022	3 years	Pakistan Army	Khan, Imran Imran Khan Shehbaz Sharif
18		Shamshad, SahirGeneral Sahir Shamshad Mirza NI(M) , HI(M)	27 November 2022	Incumbent	2 years, 99 days	Pakistan Army	Shehbaz Sharif

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by Branch of Service

Car used by Chairman Joint Chiefs with the flag and star plate (General Ehsan ul Haq's car in 2006)

• Army - 14
• Navy - 2
• Air Force - 1

See also

• Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
• Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)
• Grade 22
• Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)
• Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)
• Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)
• Pakistan Army
• Pakistan Air Force
• Pakistan Navy

Notes

1. (Urdu: صدرنشین مجلسِ مشترکہَ رؤسائے افواجِ پاکستان)
2. General Sharif resigned in 1977 after the coup but had been ineffective from his duty as early as 22 January 1977. Admiral M.S. Khan filled his position on several occasion. General Sharif's resignation was not approved until March 1979.

References

1. Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal (2002). The armed forces of Pakistan (1st ed.). New York: New York University Press. p. 200. ISBN   9780814716335 . Retrieved 30 December 2017.
2. Rizvi, H. (2000). "Civilian interlude". Military, State and Society in Pakistan (googlebooks) (1st ed.). New York, U.S.: Springer. p. 295. ISBN   9780230599048 . Retrieved 30 December 2017.
3. Rizvi, H. (2000). "Civilian Interlude". Military, State and Society in Pakistan (google books). U.K.: Springer. p. 300. ISBN   9780230599048 . Retrieved 2 January 2018.
4. "Who is Lt Gen Sahir Shamshad Mirza, the new CJCSC?". DAWN.COM. 24 November 2022.
5. Shafqat, Saeed (1997). Civil-military relations in Pakistan : from Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to Benazir Bhutto. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. ISBN   9780813388090.
6. Nawaz, Shuja (2008). Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780195476606 . Retrieved 1 February 2017.
7. Dogar, PA, Brig. Yakob Ali (January 1999). "Pakistan's Higher Defence Organization". www.defencejournal.com. Islamabad, Pakistan: defence Journal, Ali. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
8. "Remembering Fasih Bokhari". www.thenews.com.pk.
9. Siddiqi, M A (8 September 2017). "Only PM to choose 30% of Pakistan's army chiefs". The Friday Times. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
10. "New JCSC chief, VCOAS appointed". Dawn.com. Dawn Newspapers. 3 October 2004. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
11. Maverick Pakistan release. "Navy chief to command Pakistani military". Maverick Pakistan release. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
12. "Nawaz meets Kayani; appointment of new CJCSC discussed". DAWN.COM. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
13. "CJCSC headhunt: Names shortlisted for Gen Wynne's replacement | The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
14. "Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem". 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
15. Standard, Manila (17 March 1987). Pakistan Retires Two Generals. Manila Standard.

External links

• Inter-Services Public Relations