Gang of Four (Pakistan)

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The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for an influential set of four military/bureaucratic officials across varying governments in Pakistan's political history.

Contents

1950s

It was first related to the military-bureaucratic nexus that arose during the first decade of Pakistan's existence, which succeeded in harnessing power at the cost of the country's fledgling parliamentary tradition. [1] The Gang of Four included:

1980s

The same grouping was used for the top generals of the Zia-ul-Haq regime in the 1980s. [2] [3] Most were from or linked to Jalandhar in pre-partition India:

The term was popularized by Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) in 1980s in political science sphere of Pakistan.

1990s

In 1999, the term was again used by military authors of Kargil War, implicating mastermind of Kargil misadventure and staging military coup d'état against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1999. The term used to relate General Pervez Musharraf's four generals who staged the coup:

Notes

  1. ↑ Hussain, Mushahid; Hussain, Akmal (1993). Pakistan: Problems of Governance. Vanguard Books.
  2. ↑ Dutt, Sanjay (2000). Inside Pakistan : 52 years outlook. New Delhi: APH Pub. Corp. ISBN   8176481572.
  3. ↑ Akbar, M.K. (1998). Pakistan today (1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 208. ISBN   8170997003.


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