Bell H-13 Sioux

Last updated
H-13 Sioux
Bell 47 (52253543908).jpg
An OH-13 over RIAT, 2022
RoleLight observation helicopter
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Bell Aircraft
Bell Helicopter
First flight8 December 1945 (Bell 47 prototype) [1]
StatusRetired
Primary users United States Army
United States Air Force
United States Navy
British Army [Iran]
Number builtAt least 2,407
Developed from Bell 47
Variants Bell 201
Developed into Bell 207 Sioux Scout

The Bell H-13 Sioux is an American single-engine light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter and manufactured by Westland Aircraft under license for the British military as the Sioux AH.1 and HT.2. It was the first helicopter to be certified for civil use. [2]

Contents

Development

In 1947, the United States Army Air Forces (later the United States Air Force) ordered the improved Bell Model 47A. Most were designated YR-13 and three winterized versions were designated YR-13A. The United States Army first ordered Bell 47s in 1948 under the designation H-13. These would later receive the name Sioux. [3]

Initially, the United States Navy procured several Bell 47s, designated HTL-1, between 1947 and 1958. The United States Coast Guard evaluated this model, and procured two HTL-1s for multi-mission support in the New York Harbor. The most common U.S. Navy version of the 47 was designated the HTL-4, and dispenses with the fabric covering on the tail boom. The U.S. Coast Guard procured three HTL-5s in 1952 (similar to the HTL-4 but powered by a Franklin O-335-5 engine) and used these until 1960. [4] The Coast Guard procured two of Bell's Model 47G and designated them HUL-1G in 1959. [4]

The H-13 was one of the principal helicopters used by the U.S. Army during the Korean War, with the H-13D variant being the most prevalent. During the war it was used in a wide variety of roles including observation, reconnaissance, and medivac. From its role in medevac flights, it gained the nickname "Angel of Mercy". It was also used as an observation helicopter early in the Vietnam War, before being replaced by the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse in 1966.

The Bell 47 was ordered by the British Army as the Sioux to meet specification H.240, with licensed production by Westland Helicopters. In order to comply with the terms of its licence agreement with Sikorsky Aircraft, which prevented it building a U.S. competitor's aircraft, Westland licensed the Model 47 from Agusta, who had purchased a license from Bell. [5] the first contract was for 200 helicopters. The first 50 helicopters of the contract were built by Agusta at Gallarate in Italy followed by 150 built by Westland at Yeovil. The first Westland Sioux made its maiden flight on 9 March 1965. [6]

Design

The Sioux is a single-engine single-rotor three-seat observation and basic training helicopter. In 1953 the Bell 47G design was introduced. It can be recognized by the full "soap bubble" canopy (as its designer Arthur M. Young termed it), [7] exposed welded-tube tail boom, saddle fuel tanks and skid landing gear. In its UH-13J version, based on the Bell 47J, it had a metal-clad tail boom and fuselage and an enclosed cockpit and cabin.

The H-13 and its military variants were often equipped with medical evacuation panniers, one to each skid, with an acrylic glass shield to protect the patient from wind.

The development of the Sioux was helped greatly by Bell's implementation of a short weighted gyro-stabilizer bar at 90° beneath and to the main rotor. It had streamlined counterweights at both tips and was linked so it determined which plane the rotor was in and kept it horizontal. [8] The stabilizer, which was connected to the cyclic pitch control, acted as a hinged flywheel using gyroscopic inertia to keep the rotor blades in plane and independent of fuselage movement due to wind. It ensured that the system had enough inertia due to flight as well, so autorotation would function in case of engine failure. [9]

A single 260 hp Lycoming VO-435 piston engine was fitted to the 47G variant. Fuel was fed from two high-mounted external tanks. A single two-bladed rotor with short inertial stabilising minor blades was used on the Sioux. [6]

Variants

Military

An H-13 with med-evac panniers Bell 47 (H-13G) medevac inflight bw.jpg
An H-13 with med-evac panniers
YR-13
[a] 28 Bell 47A helicopters procured by the United States Army Air Forces for evaluation. The YR-13 was powered by a 175 hp (130 kW) Franklin O-335-1 piston engine. 10 of the aircraft were transferred to the U.S. Navy for evaluation as the HTL-1, with two HTL-1s later transferred to US Coast Guard. [11]
YR-13A
3 YR-13 aircraft winterized for cold-weather testing in Alaska. Redesignated YH-13A in 1948. [12]
HTL-2
US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47D. 12 built. [13]
HTL-3
US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47E, powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine. Nine built.
H-13B
65 aircraft ordered in 1948 by the U.S. Army. [12] All Army versions were later named Sioux.
YH-13C
One H-13B used as engineering testbed. Fitted with skid undercarriage and open, uncovered tailboom. [12]
H-13C
16 H-13B aircraft converted to carry external stretchers in 1952, with skid landing gear and open tail boom of YH-13C. [12]
H-13D
Army two-seat version based on commercial model 47D-1, with skid landing gear, stretcher carriers, and Franklin O-335-5 engine. 87 built. [12]
OH-13E
H-13D configuration with three-seat aircraft with dual controls. 490 built. [12]
XH-13F/Bell 201
Modified Bell 47G powered by a Continental XT51-T-3 (Turbomeca Artouste) turboshaft. [12] The first Bell helicopter powered by a turbine engine.
OH-13G
Three-seater based on commercial model 47-G. Introduced a small elevator on the tailboom. 265 delivered to US Army. [14]
OH-13H/UH-13H
Based on 47G-2. Equipped with a 250 hp (186 kW) Lycoming VO-435 engine. At least 453 acquired by US Army. [14] UH-13Hs were used by the U.S. Air Force.
UH-13J
Two Bell 47J-1 Rangers acquired by the U.S. Air Force for VIP transport of the U.S. President. Originally designated H-13J.
OH-13K
Two converted H-13Hs with a larger diameter rotor and a 225 hp (168 kW) Franklin 6VS-335 engine for test evaluation.
TH-13L
Originally designated as the Navy HTL-4.
HTL-5
Utilized a Franklin O-335-5 engine.
TH-13M
Incorporated a small movable elevator. Originally designated as the Navy HTL-6.
HH-13Q
Originally the HUL-1G, it was used by the U.S. Coast Guard for search and rescue.
UH-13R
Powered by an Allison YT63-A-3 turboshaft engine. Original US Navy designation HUL-1M.
OH-13S
Three-seat observation helicopter based on 47G-3B to replace the OH-13H. 265 received by US Army. [14]
TH-13T
Two-seat instrument trainer for the U.S. Army based on the 47G-3B-1, powered by 270 hp (201 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-D1B. 411 purchased. [14]
Sioux AH.1
General purpose helicopter for the British Army, 50 built by Agusta (Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1) and 250 built by Westland (Westland-Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1). [15] A small number also used by 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron of the Royal Marines.
Sioux HT.2
Training helicopter for the Royal Air Force, 15 built by Westland.
Texas Helicopter M74 Wasp
Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13E helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-A1E engines. Certified 1976. [16]
Texas Helicopter M74A
Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13H helicopters for agricultural use, powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 240 hp (180 kW) for 2 minutes. Certified 1977. [16]
Texas Helicopter M79S Wasp II
Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion for agricultural use, with tandem seating and stub wing fuel tanks. Powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 270 hp (200 kW) for 5 minutes. [16]
Texas Helicopter M79T Jet Wasp II
Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion of Bell 47G helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 420 hp (310 kW) Soloy-Allison 250-C20S engines.

Operators

Australian Army A1 Bell 47G Sioux (A1-398) used for training at RAAF Base Wagga. Australian Army A1 Bell 47G Sioux - A1-398.jpg
Australian Army A1 Bell 47G Sioux (A1-398) used for training at RAAF Base Wagga.
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
A Maltese Air Wing H-13 Armed Forces of Malta Air Wing Agusta AB-47G (cropped).jpg
A Maltese Air Wing H-13
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of India.svg  India
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
A RNZAF Sioux in 2009 RNZAF Sioux 2009.jpg
A RNZAF Sioux in 2009
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg  Philippines
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal
Flag of South Vietnam.svg  South Vietnam
Flag of South Yemen.svg  South Yemen
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain

Flag of Ceylon (1951-1972).svg Sri Lanka

Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Agusta Sioux AH.1 of the British - Historic Army Aircraft Flight. XT131 RIAT Bthebest.JPG
Agusta Sioux AH.1 of the British - Historic Army Aircraft Flight.
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia

Surviving aircraft

Canada

Germany

New Zealand

Pakistan

South Africa

South Korea

An H-13 on display at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul. H-13 Sioux.jpg
An H-13 on display at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul.

Spain

Taiwan

Thailand

United Kingdom

Airworthy

On display

United States

An H-13 in M*A*S*H paint scheme at Pueblo Museum. BellH13PuebloMuseum.jpg
An H-13 in M*A*S*H paint scheme at Pueblo Museum.
OH-13 at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum Bell OH-13D Sioux RSideFront CFM 7Oct2011 (15138580578).jpg
OH-13 at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
Airworthy
OH-13H
TH-13T
On display
H-13B
H-13D
OH-13D
OH-13E
OH-13G
H-13H
OH-13H
UH-13H
OH-13S
TH-13T
HTL-2
HTL-4
HTL-6
HTL-7
Unknown

Specifications (Sioux AH.1)

Bell YR-13 3-view line drawing.png
3-view line drawing of the Bell YR-13
Bell H-13G Sioux 3-view line drawing.png
3-view line drawing of the Bell H-13G Sioux

Data from Newark Air Museum, [102] Britains Small Wars. [103]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament
Twin .30 in (7.62 mm) Machine guns [b]


The H-13 has appeared, and played key roles, in many film and television productions. It has been associated with both the M*A*S*H TV series (1972–1983) and the film of the same name (1970), prominently featuring the H-13 in its opening credits, and played a central role in the series finale, which still holds the record as the highest rated single episode broadcast in America. [105] [106] The series helped popularize the H-13 as the helicopter most people now associate with the Korean War. [107] The H-13 also played a key role in the Whirlybirds TV series (1957–1959). [108] [109]

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. In the military of the United States, the Bell 47 carried several designations prior to 1962. R-13 was the first designation by the United States Army Air Forces, while the Navy designated their training version as HTL. In 1948, the United States Air Force changed the designation to H-13 which was also adopted by the Army, adding the name Sioux. The Navy and Coast Guard designated utility models as HUL. In 1962, under a joint designation system created by the Department of Defense, the designations for all of the helicopters were changed to a mission symbol followed by the vehicle type designator creating a two-letter prefix (OH, UH, XH, etc.), but the Bell 47 retained its original series number, 13 and the Army's popular name. To denote different models, a letter suffix was appended to the designation. [10]
  2. The OH-1 was capable of carrying twin M37C .30 caliber machine guns, or twin M60 machine guns. [104] They rarely did so however, because according to a Military Channel documentary on the AH-1 attack helicopter ("World's Deadliest Aircraft" series), the guns' recoil was too great a strain on the engines.

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