U.S. Army Transportation Museum

Last updated
U.S. Army Transportation Museum
Skycrane001.jpg
USA Virginia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location within Virginia
Established1959 (1959)
Location Fort Eustis, Virginia
Coordinates 37°09′54″N76°34′32″W / 37.1650°N 76.5756°W / 37.1650; -76.5756
TypeMilitary Museum
Visitors50,000
DirectorAlisha Hamel
Website Official website

The U.S. Army Transportation Museum is a United States Army museum of vehicles and other transportation-related equipment and memorabilia. It is located on the grounds of Fort Eustis, Virginia, in Newport News, on the Virginia Peninsula.

Contents

History

The museum was established in 1959, in a warehouse using items initially collected for a recruiting exhibit. A main building opened in 1976, and in 1987, an open-air pavilion was opened for aviation exhibits. [1] The buildings, built at a total cost of US$765,000, and other capital improvements are funded by the Army Transportation Museum Foundation (ATMF). Since the foundation is prohibited by law from obtaining state or federal grants, private donations are the only funding source.

Museum mission

The museum reflects the history of the Army, especially of the United States Army Transportation Corps, and includes close to 100 military vehicles such as aircraft, wheeled vehicles, watercraft and rolling stock, including stock from the Fort Eustis Military Railroad. It is officially dedicated to General Frank S. Besson, Jr., who was the first four-star general to lead the transportation command, [2] and extends over 6 acres (2.4 ha) of land, air and sea vehicles and indoor exhibits. The exhibits cover transportation and its role in US Army operations, including topic areas from the American Revolutionary War through operations in Afghanistan. [1]

Exhibits

rail jeep diorama at the US Army Transportation Museum. Hi-Rail Jeep.jpg
rail jeep diorama at the US Army Transportation Museum.
A "Liberty truck", the first standardized US army truck WWI Liberty truck.jpg
A "Liberty truck", the first standardized US army truck
The gun truck Eve of Destruction Eve of Destruction Exterior.jpg
The gun truck Eve of Destruction
Forty-and-eights style boxcar in the Army Transportation Museum. 40and8s style boxcar.JPG
Forty-and-eights style boxcar in the Army Transportation Museum.

The museum features a 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m2) main building and four outdoor parks. [3] The exhibits inside the museum building include representative transportation-related materials, presented in a series of dioramas in chronological order. Outside (see map, below) there is a vehicle yard to the south, with road vehicles, amphibious craft, and the aircraft pavilion, and a rail exhibit to the north. Although material is presented on 18th- and 19th-century topics, over half the indoor exhibit space and almost all of the outdoor exhibits are 20th-century- related.

Early truck developments are given coverage with the Mexican Punitive Expedition, Liberty truck, and Transcontinental Motor Convoy exhibits. The extensive Liberty Truck exhibit covers the development and production of the Army's first standardized truck design, a 5-ton cargo hauler produced using interchangeable parts. [4] Also included are letters from soldiers about their experiences with the trucks.

World War II receives coverage with several exhibits including Operation Mulberry which was an operation to construct two artificial harbors on the Normandy coast to support the invasion. This operation used 158 tugboats including 74 of the Army's "small tugs" to tow 59 Gooseberry derelict ships to be sunk as breakwalls and the Phoenix caissons and Lobnitz floating piers. [5] Another exhibit focuses on the Red Ball Express, the massive supply operation that supported Patton's advance after D-Day. The exhibit includes photos and paintings of the trucks as well as a diorama of a rest stop/repair depot featuring cargo trucks and a wrecker. Additional materials address the massive fuel and oil consumption needs as well as soldier experiences. [6]

The museum has an extensive Vietnam War exhibit, including a large diorama with the gun truck Eve of Destruction (believed the only surviving Vietnam era gun truck, [7] and named after a protest song [8] ), an exhibit depicting a downed UH-1 Iroquois in a rice paddy, as well as bicycles used by the Viet Cong. [9] The museum has an extensive collection of gun truck images, organised by the truck name, which are also on the museum's web site. [10]

Outdoor exhibits include the vehicle park with a selection of representative vehicles used in the transport command including a DUKW. A marine park has Army water vessels such as a tugboat, J-Boat, and various sized amphibious craft including landing craft and wheeled barges. [11]

A C-7 Caribou C7Caribou Fort Eustis 2008.JPG
A C-7 Caribou

The aviation pavilion exhibits aircraft, fixed wing and helicopter, from the Korean War to the present, including a HZ-1 Aerocycle, an OH-23 Raven helicopter and a vertical take-off/landing plane. [11] An unrestored Avrocar is kept in storage.

The rail section has several significant artifacts including the railway cars used in the Berlin duty train [12] as well as standard issue tank switchers, and a collection of typical rolling stock including cranes, freight cars and maintenance of way equipment.

Visiting the museum

Map Key
A - Aviation Pavilion and exhibits
B - Boats and amphibious transport exhibits
V - Vehicle Park
E - Indoor exhibits and dioramas
T - Train/Railway exhibits US Army Transport museum context map.png
Map Key
A - Aviation Pavilion and exhibits
B - Boats and amphibious transport exhibits
V - Vehicle Park
E - Indoor exhibits and dioramas
T - Train/Railway exhibits

Since the museum is on an active military installation, a check-in at the guard station, a possible vehicle search, and a visitor's pass are required (driver's license, car insurance and car registration, citizens of other nations need their passport). [13] The museum has a gift shop, and a reference library where research may be undertaken with advance request.
The museum's hours of operation are 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM, Monday-Saturday.

Related Research Articles

Humvee Family of light military vehicles

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is a family of light, four-wheel drive, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General. It has largely supplanted the roles previously performed by the original jeep, and others such as the Vietnam War-era M151 jeep, the M561 "Gama Goat", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle, and other light trucks. Primarily used by the United States military, it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations. The Humvee saw widespread use in the Gulf War of 1991, where it navigated the treacherous desert terrain; this usage helped to inspire civilian Hummer versions. The vehicle's original unarmored design was later seen to be inadequate. The vehicle was found to be particularly vulnerable to improvised explosive devices in the Iraq War. The U.S. hastily up-armored select models and replaced front-line units with the MRAP. The U.S. military sought to replace the vehicle in front-line service under the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program. In 2015 the Oshkosh L-ATV was selected for production.

Technical (vehicle) Improvised fighting vehicle

A technical, in professional military parlance often called a non-standard tactical vehicle (NSTV), is a light improvised fighting vehicle, typically an open-backed civilian pickup truck or four-wheel drive vehicle, mounting a machine gun, anti-aircraft gun, rotary cannon, anti-tank weapon, anti-tank gun, ATGM, mortar, multiple rocket launcher, recoilless rifle or other support weapon.

1964 New York Worlds Fair Unrecognized worlds fair held in New York City

The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair was a world's fair that held over 140 pavilions and 110 restaurants, representing 80 nations, 24 US states, and over 45 corporations with the goal and the final result of building exhibits or attractions at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City. The immense fair covered 646 acres (2.61 km2) on half the park, with numerous pools or fountains, and an amusement park with rides near the lake. However, the fair did not receive official support or approval from the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE).

Motor vehicle Self-propelled wheeled vehicle

A motor vehicle, also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails and is used for the transportation of people or cargo.

DUKW Amphibious transport

The DUKW is a six-wheel-drive amphibious modification of the 2+12-ton CCKW trucks used by the U.S. military during World War II and the Korean War.

Imperial War Museum Duxford Aviation museum in Cambridgeshire, England

Imperial War Museum Duxford is a branch of the Imperial War Museum near Duxford in Cambridgeshire, England. Britain's largest aviation museum, Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 aircraft, military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibition buildings. The site also provides storage space for the museum's other collections of material such as film, photographs, documents, books and artefacts. The site accommodates several British Army regimental museums, including those of the Parachute Regiment and the Royal Anglian Regiment.

Fort Eustis is a United States Army installation in Newport News, Virginia. In 2010, it was combined with nearby Langley Air Force Base to form Joint Base Langley–Eustis.

Gun truck Armored vehicle with a crew-served weapon

A gun truck is an armored vehicle with one or more crew-served weapons used by units of regular armies or other official government armed forces to escort military convoys in regions subject to ambush by guerrilla forces, defend airfields, provide perimeter defense, or serve as mobile pillboxes for Home Guard-type defensive units. Gun trucks typically have Improvised vehicle armor, such as scrap metal, concrete, gravel, or sandbags, which is added to a heavy truck.

Fort MacArthur United States historic place

Fort MacArthur is a former United States Army installation in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. A small section remains in military use by the United States Air Force as a housing and administrative annex of Los Angeles Air Force Base. The fort is named after Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur. His son, Douglas MacArthur, would later command American forces in the Pacific during World War II.

M35 series 2½-ton 6×6 cargo truck US military truck

The M35 2½-ton cargo truck is a long-lived 2½-ton 6×6 cargo truck initially used by the United States Army and subsequently utilized by many nations around the world. Over time it evolved into a family of specialized vehicles. It inherited the nickname "Deuce and a Half" from an older 2½-ton truck, the World War II GMC CCKW.

M274 ½-ton 4×4 utility platform truck American military truck

The U.S. Military M274 Truck, Platform, Utility, 12 Ton, 4X4 or "Carrier, Light Weapons, Infantry, 12 ton, 4x4", also known as the "Mule", "Military Mule", or "Mechanical Mule", is a 4-wheel drive, gasoline-powered truck/tractor type vehicle that can carry up to 12 short ton off-road. It was introduced in 1956 and used until the 1980s.

Cadillac Gage Ranger Armoured personnel carrier

The Cadillac Gage Ranger is a four-wheeled armored personnel carrier produced by Cadillac Gage, built on a Dodge truck chassis. The largest customer was the United States Air Force, which the Ranger was marketed to in order to meet needed requirements as a security/patrol vehicle.

MRAP Armoured vehicle designed to survive IED explosion

Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected is a term for United States military light tactical vehicles produced as part of the MRAP program that are designed specifically to withstand improvised explosive device (IED) attacks and ambushes. The United States Department of Defense MRAP program began in 2007 as a response to the increased threat of IEDs during the Iraq War. From 2007 until 2012, the MRAP program deployed more than 12,000 vehicles in the War in Iraq and War in Afghanistan.

Nora B-52 Self-propelled artillery

The Nora B-52 is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer weapon system developed by Military Technical Institute Belgrade for export and domestic use. The first self-propelled Nora B was designed by MTI in 1984 with a modified 152 mm gun-howitzer M84 NORA mounted on an FAP 8x8 truck bed and was a third generation of artillery weapons.

Landsverk L180, L181 and L182 Armored car

The Landsverk L-180, L-181 and L-182 are a family of armored cars developed by the Swedish company AB Landsverk during the interwar years. They had a good international reputation for being fast, robust and reliable and were acquired in small numbers by Denmark, Estonia, Ireland and the Netherlands, among others.

Culture of Newport News, Virginia

Near the city's western end, a historic C&O railroad station, as well as American Civil War battle sites near historic Lee Hall along U.S. Route 60 and several 19th century plantations have all been protected. Many are located along the roads leading to Yorktown and Williamsburg, where many sites of the Historic Triangle are of both American Revolutionary War and Civil War significance. The first modern duel of ironclad warships, the Battle of Hampton Roads, took place not far off Newport News Point in 1862.

BPM-97 Armored personnel carrier, MRAP

The BPM-97 or Выстрел is the Russian military designation for the KAMAZ 43269 Vystrel 4×4 wheeled mine-resistant, ambush protected (MRAP) vehicle. It is produced fitted with several different turrets like the one of the BTR-80A. The vehicle is based on the KAMAZ-43269 and was designed for the Russian Border Guards. The latest model has bulletproof side windows and no gun turret. It has been ordered by Kazakhstan and by the National Guard of Russia, the Federal Prison Service and EMERCOM.

Mercedes-Benz Zetros Off-road truck

The Mercedes-Benz Zetros is an off-road truck for extreme operations. It was first presented at the 2008 Eurosatory defence industry trade show in Paris. The Zetros is manufactured at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Wörth, Germany. The truck is designed to be compatible with the Hercules C-130 transport and also fits into a standard German railway carriage. In 2019 Mercedes-Benz presented a facelift of the Zetros with a more powerful engine a bigger number of variants.

Augusta Museum of History

The Augusta Museum of History is a history museum located in Augusta, Georgia, U.S. The museum was founded in 1937 to preserve and share the history of Augusta and its surrounding area. On display are numerous artifacts, images, and dioramas that showcase the broad spectrum of the region’s history. The Museum of History is the only Museum in the CSRA accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.

References

  1. 1 2 "main page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  2. "Frank Besson page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2011-11-04. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  3. "Virginia Tourism U.S. Army Transportation Museum". Official Tourism Website of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  4. "Liberty Truck page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  5. "Operation Mulberry page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  6. "Red Ball express page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  7. "Gun Truck page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  8. "Gun Truck naming page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  9. "Viet Cong Bicycle page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  10. "Gun Truck name page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  11. 1 2 "Exhibit overview". Findarticles.com. 2003. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  12. "Berlin Duty Train page". U. S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  13. "visitor info page". U.S. Army Transportation Museum site. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

Coordinates: 37°09′54″N76°34′32″W / 37.1650°N 76.5756°W / 37.1650; -76.5756