Bell 412

Last updated

Bell 412
(1)Police Helicopter 039.jpg
Bell 412EP of the NSW Police Sydney
General information
TypeMultipurpose utility helicopter
National origin United States/Canada
Manufacturer Bell Helicopter
Primary users Japan Ground Self Defence Force
See Operators for others
Number built1,300+ [1]
History
Manufactured1979–present
Introduction date1981;43 years ago (1981)
First flightAugust 1979;45 years ago (1979-08)
Developed from Bell 212
Variants Bell CH-146 Griffon

The Bell 412 is a utility helicopter of the Huey family manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It is a development of the Bell 212, with the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor. It is a twin-turbine helicopter that has been popular on the civilian and military markets, and major users include Canada, Italy, and Japan. Several hundred have been produced since its introduction in 1979, and several iterations of upgrades and variations have been produced, such as with upgraded cockpit electronics.

Contents

It has been manufactured under license in Italy as the Agusta-Bell AB412, in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, and in Japan by Subaru. The Canadian Bell 412 was produced in Canada, but it was already the location of the main Bell Textron factory.

Design and development

Bell 412CF looking forward from the tail RCAF Bell CH-146 5D3 4156 (43790685721).jpg
Bell 412CF looking forward from the tail
Bell 412 on approach Griffin Helicopter Practices Approach to RAF Shawbury MOD 45151083.jpg
Bell 412 on approach

Development began in the late 1970s, with two Bell 212s being converted into 412 prototypes. An advanced four-blade main rotor with a smaller diameter replaced the 212's two-blade rotor. A Bell 412 prototype first flew in August 1979. The initial model was certified in January 1981, with deliveries commencing in the same month. [2] The 412 model was followed by the 412SP (Special Performance) version, which featured a larger fuel capacity, a higher takeoff weight, and optional seating arrangements. In 1991, the 412HP (High Performance) variant with improved transmission replaced the SP version in production. [2]

A Chilean Air Force Bell 412 H-51 bell 412 helicopter (chile air force).jpg
A Chilean Air Force Bell 412

In the early 2000s, Bell offered the Bell 412EP as its Bell 412 LUH entrant in the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter program, where it competed against several other light helicopters for an order. [3]

The current production version, 412EP (Enhanced Performance), is equipped with a dual digital automatic flight control system. In 2013, Bell introduced the 412EPI, which includes an electronic (digital) engine control for a PT6T-9 engine upgrade and a glass cockpit display system similar to the Bell model 429. Also featured is a Garmin touchscreen navigation system, and the BLR Strake and Fast Fin upgrades for improved hover performance. [4] Over 700 Model 412s (including 260 by AgustaWestland) have been built. [5] [ unreliable source? ]

The helicopter is powered by the Pratt and Whitney Canada twin-pack power plant with two turboshaft engines and has achieved the lowest in-flight shut-down rate of aircraft turboshaft engines. If one engine is shut down, a single engine can produce emergency power for 30 minutes. [6]

The aircraft has been produced in Montreal, Canada, in Italy under license by Agusta, in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, and also in Japan by Subaru (Fuji Heavy Industries). [7] The Bell 412 was also initially manufactured in Texas, USA. [8]

The emergency medical configuration can carry 6 patients/wounded and two attendants, or two stretchers and up to four attendants. [6]

By 2022, over 1300 Bell 412 helicopters had been delivered. [9]

Variants

Bell 412HP of Heli Austria Bell 412HP, Heli Austria AN2029793.jpg
Bell 412HP of Heli Austria
RAF Griffin HT1 Bell 412EP Griffin HT1 02 (14704891381).jpg
RAF Griffin HT1
Bell 412
Standard Model with P&WC PT6T-3B
Bell 412SP
Special Performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BF engines
Bell 412HP
High performance version with P&WC PT6T-3BG or -3D engines
Bell 412CF (CH-146 Griffon)
100 custom-built utility transport helicopters for the Canadian Forces, based on 412EP and designated by Bell as 412CF
Bell 412EP
Enhanced performance version with P&WC PT6T-3DF engines
Bell 412EPI
Glass cockpit version with P&WC PT6T-9 electronic controlled engines
Bell Griffin HT1
Advanced training helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) between 1997 and 2018 as an advanced flying trainer. Operated by the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury and the Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley.
Bell Griffin HAR2
Search and Rescue helicopter based on the Bell 412EP, operated by No. 84 Squadron RAF between 2003 and 2023 at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus. [10]
Agusta-Bell AB 412
Civil utility transport version, built under license in Italy by Agusta. [11]
Agusta-Bell AB 412EP
Italian-built version of the Bell 412EP. [11]
Agusta-Bell AB 412 Grifone
Military utility transport version, built under licence in Italy by Agusta. [11]
UH-X prototype Prototype of the UH-X ahead of her first flight.png
UH-X prototype
Agusta-Bell AB 412 CRESO
Italian-built version, fitted with a ground surveillance radar.
Bell 412 LUH
Entry for the U.S. Army Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) program. Lost to the EC145 entry (see UH-72 Lakota) [12]
NBell 412
Indonesian Aerospace's (formerly IPTN) licensed product of Bell 412. [11]
Subaru-Bell UH-2  [ zh ](Formerly known as UH-X) [13]
Modified version of the Bell 412 EPI; 150 on order to meet the JGSDF's requirement for a UH-1J replacement. [14] [15] [16]
Subaru-Bell 412EPX
Commercial version of UH-X. [17]

Operators

The Bell 412 is used by private and commercial operators. It is particularly popular in the oil industries, military, and for law enforcement use.

Military operators

Chilean Air Force Bell 412 Bell 412 Chilean Air Force (FACh).JPG
Chilean Air Force Bell 412
Algeria
Algerian Air Force [18]
Argentina
Argentine Air Force [18]
Australia
Australian Army  : 2 under lease at Army Aviation Training Center. [19]
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Air Force [18]
Bahrain
Bahraini Air Force [18]
Botswana
Botswana Defence Force [18]
Cameroon
Cameroon Air Force [18]
Canadian CH-146 Griffon CH-146 Griffon Helicopter.jpg
Canadian CH-146 Griffon
Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force
3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (3e École de pilotage des Forces canadiennes)
Chile
Chilean Air Force [18]
Colombia
Colombian Navy [18]
Cyprus
Cypriot National Guard [20]
El Salvador
Air Force of El Salvador [18]
Eritrea
Eritrean Air Force [18]
Agusta-Bell AB-412 of the Italian Army Agusta-Bell AB-412 Griffon, Italy - Army (canted).jpg
Agusta-Bell AB-412 of the Italian Army
AB-412 cockpit Agusta-Bell AB-412 Griffon, Italy - Army JP6943483.jpg
AB-412 cockpit
Ghana
Ghana Air Force [18]
Guatemala
Guatemalan Air Force [18]
Guyana
Guyana Defence Force [18]
Honduras
Honduran Air Force [18]
Indonesia
Indonesian Army [18]
Indonesian Navy [18]
Italy
Italian Army [18]
Iraq
412M on order. [21]
Jamaica
Jamaica Defence Force [18]
JGSDF UH-2 in November 2023 at Camp Akeno, Japan JGSDF UH-2 (45152) right front view at Camp Akeno November 4, 2023 01.jpg
JGSDF UH-2 in November 2023 at Camp Akeno, Japan
Japan
Japan Ground Self Defence Force [18]
Lesotho
Lesotho Defence Force [18]
Mexican Air Force Bell 412EP, 2012 Bell 412EP, Mexico - Air Force AN2158278.jpg
Mexican Air Force Bell 412EP, 2012
Mexico
Mexican Air Force [18]
Montenegro
Montenegrin Air Force [22]
Morocco
Moroccan Navy [18]
Nigeria
Nigerian Air Force [18]
Norway
Royal Norwegian Air Force [18]
Pakistan
Pakistan Air Force [18]
Pakistan Army [18]
A Slovenian Air Force Bell 412 Slovenian Air Force Bell 412 (cropped).jpg
A Slovenian Air Force Bell 412
Panama
National Aeronaval Service of Panama [18]
Peru
Peruvian Air Force [18]
Peruvian Navy [18]
Philippines
Philippine Air Force - 7 Units Active out of 13 [23] in Inventory in 2024. [24]
Saudi Arabia
Royal Saudi Air Force [18]
Slovenia
Slovenian Air Force [18]
Somalia
Somali Air Force [25]
Two Bell 412 of the Republic of Korea Air Force 2012nyeon 6weol gonggun 6jeondae helgi(1) (7982282593).jpg
Two Bell 412 of the Republic of Korea Air Force
South Korea
South Korean Air Force [18]
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Air Force [18]
Tanzania
Tanzania People's Defense Force [18]
A 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force Bell 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force in 2013.jpg
A 412 of the Royal Thai Air Force
Thailand
Royal Thai Air Force [18]
Tunisia
Tunisian Air Force [18]
Turkey
Turkish Coast Guard [26]
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Air Force [18]
Uruguay
Uruguayan Navy [18]
Venezuela
Venezuelan Army [18]
Venezuelan Navy [18]
Zimbabwe
Air Force of Zimbabwe [18]

Government operators

New South Wales Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga with the Rural Fire Service NSW RFS (VH-VJD) Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga Airport (4).jpg
New South Wales Bell 412EP at Wagga Wagga with the Rural Fire Service
Australia
Department of Fire and Emergency Services [27] [28]
Emergency Management Queensland [29]
New South Wales Police Force [30]
New South Wales Rural Fire Service [31]
Brazil
Federal Police [32]
Canada
Canadian Coast Guard [33] [34]
National Research Council [35]
Surete du Quebec [36]
Colombia
National Police of Colombia [37]
Croatia
Croatian Ministry of Interior [38]
A Finnish Frontier Guard Agusta Bell AB-412 Bell412 OH HVD.jpg
A Finnish Frontier Guard Agusta Bell AB-412
Czech Republic
Police of the Czech Republic [39]
Finland
Finnish Border Guard [40]
Indonesia
Indonesian National Police [41]
Iran
Iranian Red Crescent Society [42]
An Italian Guardia di Finanza Agusta Bell AB-412 Agusta-Bell AB-412HP, Italy - Guardia di Finanza (framed).jpg
An Italian Guardia di Finanza Agusta Bell AB-412
Italy
Guardia di Finanza [43] [ unreliable source? ]
State Forestry Corps [44]
Japan
Japan Coast Guard [45]
Tokyo Metropolitan Police [46]
South Korean National Police Bell 412 952 Bell 412 Korean National Police (7595903284).jpg
South Korean National Police Bell 412
South Korea
Coast Guard [47] [48]
Slovenia
Slovenian National Police [49]
United States
Chicago Fire Department [50]
Delaware State Police [51]
Los Angeles Police Department [52]
Los Angeles County Fire Department [53]
Miami-Dade County Fire Department [54]
New York Police Department [55]
Orange County Fire Authority [56]
San Diego Fire Department [57]
United States Park Police [58]
Ventura County Fire Department [59]
Virginia State Police [60]

Former

An LA County Fire Dept. 412 sits atop a helipad in the mountains in the Angeles National Forest. LACoFD Air 18.jpg
An LA County Fire Dept. 412 sits atop a helipad in the mountains in the Angeles National Forest.
Netherlands
Royal Netherlands Air Force. AB412 helicopters retired from SAR duties in 2015. [61]
Poland
Polish Air Force, 1 412HP used 1993–2011 [62]
United States
Los Angeles Fire Department [63]
Uganda
Uganda Air Force [64]
United Kingdom
Royal Air Force

Incidents and accidents

Specifications (412EP)

Bell 412 Line Drawing.svg
Rotor head and transmission of a Bell 412 Bell 412 transmission and head.jpg
Rotor head and transmission of a Bell 412

Data from International Directory of Civil Aircraft, [71] Bell 412EP Product Specifications [72]

General characteristics

900 shp (671 kW) single power section emergency power

Performance

See also

Related development

Related lists

Related Research Articles

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