Beechcraft Model 18

Last updated

Model 18
Beech 18 - Little Gransden 2019.jpg
A Model 18 over Little Gransden Airfield in 2019
General information
Type Trainer, transport aircraft and utility aircraft
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Beech Aircraft Corporation
StatusIn service
Primary users United States Army Air Forces
Number built9,000+
History
Manufactured1937–1970
Introduction date1937
First flight15 January 1937

The Beechcraft Model 18 (or "Twin Beech", as it is also known) is a 6- to 11-seat, [1] twin-engined, low-wing, tailwheel light aircraft manufactured by the Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita, Kansas. Continuously produced from 1937 to November 1969 (over 32 years, a world record at the time), over 9,000 were built, making it one of the world's most widely used light aircraft. Sold worldwide as a civilian executive, utility, cargo aircraft, and passenger airliner on tailwheels, nosewheels, skis, or floats, it was also used as a military aircraft. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

During and after World War II, over 4,500 Beech 18s were used in military service—as light transport, light bomber (for China), aircrew trainer (for bombing, navigation, and gunnery), photo-reconnaissance, and "mother ship" for target drones—including United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) C-45 Expeditor, AT-7 Navigator, and AT-11 Kansan; and United States Navy (USN) UC-45J Navigator, SNB-1 Kansan, and others. In World War II, over 90% of USAAF bombardiers and navigators trained in these aircraft. [2] [3] [5]

In the early postwar era, the Beech 18 was the pre-eminent "business aircraft" and "feeder airliner". Besides carrying passengers, its civilian uses have included aerial spraying, sterile insect release, fish stocking, dry-ice cloud seeding, aerial firefighting, air-mail delivery, ambulance service, numerous movie productions, skydiving, freight, weapon- and drug-smuggling, engine testbed, skywriting, banner towing, and stunt aircraft. Many are privately owned, around the world, with 240 in the U.S. still on the FAA Aircraft Registry in August 2017. [2] [4] [6] [7]

Design and development

Beech 18 on floats in Manitoba, 1986 Beech18C-FSFHonFloats.JPG
Beech 18 on floats in Manitoba, 1986
Beechcraft AT-11 over the West Texas prairies, around 1944 Beechcraft AT-11 out over the West Texas prairies (00910460 103).jpg
Beechcraft AT-11 over the West Texas prairies, around 1944
Private Beech H18 with the optional tricycle undercarriage visiting Lannion, France Beech 18h.jpg
Private Beech H18 with the optional tricycle undercarriage visiting Lannion, France

By the late 1930s, Beechcraft management speculated that a demand would exist for a new design dubbed the Model 18, which would have a military application, and increased the main production facilities. The design was mainly conventional for the time, including twin radial engines, all-metal semimonocoque construction with fabric-covered control surfaces, and tailwheel undercarriage. Less conventional was the twin-tailfin configuration. The Model 18 can be mistaken for the larger Lockheed Electra series of airliners, which closely resemble it. Early production aircraft were powered either by two 330-hp (250-kW) Jacobs L-6s or 350-hp (260-kW) Wright R-760Es. The 450-hp (336-kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985 became the definitive engine from the prewar C18S onwards. The Beech 18 prototype first flew on 15 January 1937.[ citation needed ]

The aircraft has used a variety of engines and has had a number of airframe modifications to increase gross weight and speed. At least one aircraft was modified to a 600-hp (447-kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 powerplant configuration. With the added weight of about 200 lb (91 kg) per engine, the concept of a Model 18 fitted with R-1340 engines was deemed unsatisfactory due to the weakest structural area of the aircraft being the engine mounts. Nearly every airframe component has been modified.[ citation needed ]

In 1955, deliveries of the Model E18S commenced; the E18S featured a fuselage that was extended 6 in (150 mm) higher for more headroom in the passenger cabin. All later Beech 18s (sometimes called Super 18s) featured this taller fuselage, and some earlier models (including one AT-11) have been modified to this larger fuselage. The Model H18, introduced in 1963, featured optional tricycle undercarriage. Unusually, the undercarriage was developed for earlier-model aircraft under an STC by Volpar, and installed in H18s at the factory during manufacture. A total of 109 H18s was built with tricycle undercarriage, and another 240 earlier-model aircraft were modified with this. [8] [9]

Construction of the Beechcraft Model 18 ended in 1970 with a final Model H18 going to Miyazaki Aviation College, Japan. [10] Through the years, 32 variations of the basic design had flown, over 200 improvement modification kits were developed, and almost 8,000 aircraft were built. In one case, the aircraft was modified to a triple tail, trigear, humpbacked configuration and appeared similar to a miniature Lockheed Constellation. [11] Another distinctive conversion was carried out by Pacific Airmotive as the PacAero Tradewind. This featured a lengthened nose to accommodate the tricycle nosewheel, and the Model 18's twin tailfins were replaced by a single fin. [12]

Operational history

Beechcraft 18 on floats Beech18 on floats.jpg
Beechcraft 18 on floats

Production got an early boost when Nationalist China paid the company US$750,000 for six M18R light bombers, [13] but by the time of the U.S. entry into World War II, only 39 Model 18s had been sold, of which 29 were for civilian customers. [8] [14] Work began in earnest on a variant specifically for training United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) military pilots, bombardiers, and navigators. The effort resulted in the Army AT-7. Further development led to the AT-11 navigation trainer, C-45 military transport, and F-2 (the "F" standing for "Fotorecon", short for "photographic reconnaissance"). The United States Navy first adopted the Beech 18 as the JRB-1, equivalent to the F-2, followed by the JRB-2 transport; the JRB was initially named the Voyager, but this name did not enter common use, and JRBs were generally called Expeditors like their USAAF counterparts. [15] The first JRB-1 obtained by the Navy, bureau number (BuNo) 09771, was converted from the last civil Model 18 built before production was earmarked solely for the military for the duration of the war. [16] The Navy subsequently obtained more Model 18s as the JRB-3 (C-45B), JRB-4 (UC-45F), SNB-1 Kansan (AT-11), SNB-2 (AT-7), and SNB-2C (AT-7C). [17] Existing naval Twin Beeches were subsequently modified into the SNB-2H air ambulance, SNB-2P reconnaissance trainer, and SNB-3Q electronic countermeasures trainer. [18] The United States Coast Guard acquired seven JRB-4 and JRB-5 aircraft from the Navy between 1943 and 1947; they were primarily used as utility transports, with one aircraft later converted for aerial mapping, and another used for proficiency flying. [19] [20]

After the war, the USAAF became the United States Air Force (USAF), and the USAF Strategic Air Command had Model 18 variants (AT-11 Kansans, C-45 Expeditors, F-2 Expeditors, and UC-45 Expeditors) from 1946 until 1951. In 1950, the Navy still had around 1,200 JRB and SNB aircraft in inventory. [18] From 1951 to 1955, the USAF had many of its aircraft remanufactured with new fuselages, wing center sections, and undercarriages to take advantage of the improvements to the civil models since the end of World War II. Eventually, 900 aircraft were remanufactured to be similar to the then-current Model D18S and given new designations, constructor's numbers, and Air Force serial numbers. [21] The USN had many of its surviving aircraft remanufactured as well, resulting in the JRB-6, the SNB-5, and SNB-5P. [22] The Coast Guard retired its JRBs in 1956 and sold most of them as surplus in 1959, but one was retained by the United States Coast Guard Reserve until at least 1972. [19] [20] With the adoption of the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system, the Navy's SNB-5 and SNB-5P became the TC-45J and RC-45J respectively, later becoming the UC-45J as their primary mission shifted from aircrew training to utility transport work. [23] The C-45 flew in USAF service until 1963, the USN retired its last UC-45J in 1972, while the U.S. Army flew its C-45s until 1976. In later years, the military called these aircraft "bug smashers" in reference to their extensive use supplying mandatory flight hours for desk-bound aviators in the Pentagon. [24]

Beech 18s were used extensively by Air America during the Vietnam War; initially more-or-less standard ex-military C-45 examples were used, but then the airline had 12 aircraft modified by Conrad Conversions in 1963 and 1964 to increase performance and load-carrying capacity. The modified aircraft were known as Conrad Ten-Twos, as the maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) was increased to 10,200 lb (4,600 kg). [25] [26] The increase was achieved by several airframe modifications, including increased horizontal stabilizer angle-of-incidence, redesigned undercarriage doors, and aerodynamically improved wingtips. Air America then had Volpar convert 14 aircraft to turboprop power, fitted with Garrett AiResearch TPE-331 engines; modified aircraft were called Volpar Turbo Beeches, and also had a further increase in MTOW to 10,286 lb (4,666 kg). [25]

Spar problems

The wing spar of the Model 18 was fabricated by welding an assembly of tubular steel. The configuration of the tubes in combination with drilled holes from aftermarket STC modifications on some of these aircraft have allowed the spar to become susceptible to corrosion and cracking while in service. [27] This prompted the FAA to issue an Airworthiness Directive in 1975, mandating the fitting of a spar strap to some Model 18s. This led, in turn, to the retirement of a large number of STC-modified Model 18s when owners determined the aircraft were worth less than the cost of the modifications. The corrosion on unmodified spars was not a problem; it occurred due to the additional exposed surface area created through the STC hole-drilling process. Further requirements have been mandated by the FAA and other national airworthiness authorities, including regular removal of the spar strap to allow the strap to be checked for cracks and corrosion and the spar to be X-rayed. In Australia, the airworthiness authority has placed a life limit on the airframe, beyond which aircraft are not allowed to fly. [28] [29] [30]

Variants

Manufacturer models

Unless otherwise noted, the engines fitted are Pratt & Whitney R-985 radials.

Model 18A
First production model with seating for two pilots and seven or eight passengers, fitted with Wright R-760E-2 engines of 350 horsepower (260 kW), MTOW: 6,700 lb (3,000 kg) [31] [32] Four built. [33]
Version of Model 18A capable of being fitted with skis or Edo 55-7170 floats; MTOW: 7,200 lb (3,300 kg) [32]
Model A18A
Version fitted with Wright R-760E-2 engines, MTOW: 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) [34]
Seaplane version of Model A18A, MTOW: 7,170 lb (3,250 kg) [34]
Model 18B
Version powered with 285 hp (213 kW) Jacobs L-5 engines. Four built. [35] [33]
Version of Model 18B capable of being fitted with skis or floats.
Model 18D
Variant with seating for two pilots and nine passengers, fitted with Jacobs L-6 engines of 330 horsepower (250 kW), MTOW: 7,200 lb (3,300 kg). [34] Twelve aircraft built. [33]
Version of Model 18D capable of being fitted with skis or Edo 55-7170 floats[ citation needed ], MTOW: 7,170 lb (3,250 kg) [14] [ failed verification ] [34]
Model A18D
Variant of 18D with MTOW increased by 300 lb (140 kg) to 7,500 lb (3,400 kg). [34]
Seaplane version of Model A18D, but same MTOW as S18D. [34]
Model 18R
Model with Pratt and Whitney R-985 -A1 engines with dual-stage blower for increased power at higher operating altitudes[ citation needed ], 420 horsepower (310 kW), seven built, one to Sweden as an air ambulance, six to Nationalist China as M18R light bombers [13] [33]
Model 18S
Nine-passenger pre-World War II civil variant, powered by 450 hp (340 kW) served as basis for USAAF C-45C [1]
Model B18S
Nine-passenger pre-World War II civil variant, served as basis for USAAF F-2 [1]
Model C18S
Variant of B18S with seating for eight passengers, and equipment and minor structural changes [36]
Model D18S
First post-World War II variant introduced in 1945, with seating for eight passengers and MTOW of 8,750 lb (3,970 kg), 1,035 built [37] [38]
Model D18C
Variant with Continental R9-A engines of 525 horsepower (391 kW) and MTOW of 9,000 lb (4,100 kg), introduced in 1947, 31 built. [37] [39]
Model E18S
A 3-view line drawing of a Model E18S Beechcraft E18S 3-view line drawing.png
A 3-view line drawing of a Model E18S
Variant with redesigned wing and MTOW of 9,300 lb (4,200 kg); 403 built [37]
Model E18S-9700
Variant of E18S with MTOW of 9,700 lb (4,400 kg); 57 built [37]
Model G18S
A Model G18S arriving at the 2016 RIAT, England Beech Model 18 (reg N45CF) arrives Fairford 7Jul2016 arp.jpg
A Model G18S arriving at the 2016 RIAT, England
Superseded E18S, MTOW of 9,700 lb (4,400 kg); 155 built [37] [38]
Model G18S-9150
Lightweight version of G18, MTOW of 9,150 lb (4,150 kg); one built [37] [38]
Model H18
Last production version, fitted with optional tricycle undercarriage developed by Volpar and MTOW of 9,900 lb (4,500 kg); 149 built, of which 109 were manufactured with tricycle undercarriage [8] [37] [38]

Military versions

USAAC/USAAF designations

C-45
Six-seat staff transport based on C18S; [36] 11 built [40] [41]
C-45A
Eight-seat utility transport based on C18S; [36] 20 built [40]
RC-45A
Redesignation of all surviving F-2, F-2A, and F-2B aircraft by the USAF in 1948
C-45B
Based on C18S, but with modified internal layout; 223 ordered, redesignated UC-45B in 1943 [36] [41] Equipped with a hatch in the cabin door for aerial photography. [42]
C-45C
Two Model 18S aircraft impressed into the USAAF, redesignated UC-45C in January 1943 [1] [31] [43]
C-45D
Designation given to two AT-7 aircraft converted as passenger transports during manufacture, redesignated UC-45D in January 1943 [43] [44]
C-45F at the Barksdale Global Power Museum Barksdale Global Power Museum September 2015 18 (Beechcraft C-45F Expeditor).jpg
C-45F at the Barksdale Global Power Museum
C-45H/AT-7 CAF, Platte Valley Airpark, Hudson, Colorado, June 2007 C45HcafAT7.JPG
C-45H/AT-7 CAF, Platte Valley Airpark, Hudson, Colorado, June 2007
A cutaway view of a C-45H C-45 General Arrangement Diagram - Without Labels.png
A cutaway view of a C-45H
C-45E
Designation given to two AT-7 and four AT-7B aircraft converted as passenger transports during manufacture, redesignated UC-45E in January 1943 [43] [44]
C-45F
Standardized seven-seat version based on C18S, with longer nose than preceding models; [36] 1,137 ordered, redesignated UC-45F [41]
C-45G
AT-7s and AT-11s remanufactured in the early 1950s for the USAF to similar standard as civil D18S with autopilot and R-985-AN-3 engines; 372 aircraft rebuilt [21] [45]
TC-45G
Multiengine crew trainer variant of C-45G; AT-7s and AT-11s remanufactured in the early 1950s for the USAF to similar standard as civil D18S, 96 aircraft rebuilt [21] [45]
C-45H
AT-7s and AT-11s remanufactured in the early 1950s for the USAF to similar standard as civil D18S, with no autopilot and R-985-AN-14B engines; 432 aircraft rebuilt [21] [46]
TC-45H [37]
RC-45J [37]
In 1962, all surviving U.S. Navy SNB-5Ps were redesignated RC-45J [23]
TC-45J [37]
In 1962 all surviving U.S. Navy SNB-5s were redesignated TC-45J [23]
UC-45J [37]
Subsequent redesignation of RC-45J and TC-45J [23]
AT-11 at the Barksdale Global Power Museum Barksdale Global Power Museum September 2015 21 (Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan).jpg
AT-11 at the Barksdale Global Power Museum
A 3-view line drawing of an AT-11 Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan 3-view line drawing.png
A 3-view line drawing of an AT-11
AT-7 Navigator
Navigation trainer based on C18S, [36] with an astrodome and positions for three students, powered by 450-hp Pratt & Whitney R-985-25 engines; 577 built [40] [41]
AT-7A
Floatplane version of AT-7; six built [40]
AT-7B
Winterised AT-7; nine built [40]
AT-7C
Based on C18S [36] with R-985-AN3 engines; 549 built [40]
AT-11 Kansan
Bombing and gunnery trainer for USAAF derived from AT-7, fuselage had small, circular cabin windows, bombardier position in nose, and bomb bay; gunnery trainers were also fitted with two or three .30-caliber machine guns, early models (the first 150 built) had a single .30-cal AN-M2 in a Beechcraft-manufactured top turret, later models used a Crocker Wheeler twin .30-cal top turret, a bottom tunnel gun was used for tail gunner training, 1,582 built for USAAF orders, with 24 ordered by Netherlands repossessed by USAAF and used by the Royal Netherlands Military Flying School at Jackson, Mississippi. [47] [48]
AT-11A
Conversion of AT-11 as navigation trainer; 36 converted [48]
CQ-3
Conversion of UC-45F, modified to act as drone control aircraft, redesignated as DC-45F in June 1948[ citation needed ]
F-2s in Alaska, 1941 Beechcraft F-2s in Alaska June 1941.png
F-2s in Alaska, 1941
F-2
Photo-reconnaissance version based on B18 [1]
F-2A
Improved version
F-2B

US Navy designations

SNB-1 Kansan Beechcraft SNB-1 Kansan front quarter view.jpg
SNB-1 Kansan
SNB-2 Navigator Beechcraft SNB-2 Navigator in flight.jpg
SNB-2 Navigator
JRB-1
Photographic aircraft, based on the C18S, [36] fitted with fairing over cockpit for improved visibility, 11 obtained, [49] at least one conversion from impressed civil B18S [16]
JRB-2
Light transport, based on the C18S; [36] 15 obtained, [49] at least one conversion from JRB-1, [50] some transferred from USAAF C-45A stocks [51]
JRB-3
Photographic version, similar to C-45B; 23 obtained, [49] some transferred from USAAF C-45B stocks [52]
JRB-4
Utility transport version, equivalent to UC-45F; [15] 328 obtained from USAAF [53] [54] [52] [55]
JRB-6
Remanufactured JRB [23]
SNB-1
Similar to AT-11; [18] 110 built [55]
SNB-2
Navigation trainer similar to AT-7, [18] 299 built [55]
SNB-2C
Navigation trainer similar to AT-7C, [18] 375 built [55]
SNB-2H
Ambulance conversion [18]
SNB-2P
Photo-reconnaissance trainer conversion [18]
SNB-3Q
Electronic countermeasures trainer conversion [18]
SNB-5 [37]
Remanufactured SNB [23] [54] or JRB [56]
SNB-5P [37]
Remanufactured SNB-2P [23]

RAF/RCAF Lend-lease designations

Expeditor I
C-45Bs supplied to the RAF under Lend-Lease
Expeditor II
C-45Fs supplied to the RAF and Royal Navy under Lend-Lease
RAF C-45 Expeditor HB260 of the Allied Control Commission, Bulgaria, 1945. C-45 Expeditor RAF ACC Bulgaria HB260 early-1945.jpg
RAF C-45 Expeditor HB260 of the Allied Control Commission, Bulgaria, 1945.
Expeditor III
C-45Fs supplied to the RCAF under Lend-Lease

Post-war RCAF designations

C-45Ds delivered between 1951 and 1952 [57]

Expeditor 3N
navigation trainer – 88 built [58]
Expeditor 3NM
navigational trainer that could be converted to a transport – 59 built [59]
Expeditor 3NMT
3NM converted to a transport aircraft – 67 built [60]
Expeditor 3NMT(Special)
navigation trainer/personnel transport – 19 built [61]
Expeditor 3TM
transport with fittings so it could be converted to a navigation trainer – 44 built [58]
Expeditor 3TM(Special)
modified RCAF Expeditors used overseas in conjunction with Project WPB6 – three built [62]

Canadian Armed Forces

CT-128 Expeditor
1968 redesignation of existing RCAF aircraft upon unification of the Canadian Armed Forces

Conversions

PacAero Tradewind Beech E-18.jpg
PacAero Tradewind
Conrad 9800
Modification increasing the gross weight to 9,800 pounds with a single piece windshield [63]
Dumod I
Executive conversion with Volpar tricycle landing gear, new wing tips, enlarged fight deck and refurbished 6–7 seat cabin with larger windows. Originally named Infinité I. 37 converted by 1966. [11]
Dumod Liner
Stretched airliner conversion. Similar to Dumod I but with forward fuselage stretched by 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m), allowing up to 15 passengers to be carried. Originally named Infinité II. [11]
Hamilton HA-1
conversion of a TC-45J aircraft
Hamilton Little Liner
Modification of D18S with aerodynamic improvements and new, retractable tailwheel, capable of carrying 11 seats [64]
Hamilton Westwind
Turboprop conversions with various engines
Hamilton Westwind III conversion at an airfield in Tennessee N432U.JPG
Hamilton Westwind III conversion at an airfield in Tennessee
Hamilton Westwind II STD
Stretched conversion powered by two 840-hp PT6As, and with accommodation for up to 17 passengers [65]
Hamilton Westwind III
two 579-hp PT6A-20s or 630-hp PT6A-27s or 630-hp Lycoming LTS101s.
Hamilton Westwind IV
two 570-hp Lycoming LTP101s or 680-hp PT6A-28s or 750-hp PT6A-34s or 1020-hp PT6A-45s
PacAero Tradewind
Conversion of Beech D18S/C-45 to five- to 11-seat executive transport with single fin by Pacific Airmotive
Rausch Star 250
Built as C-45F 44-47231, this aircraft was re-manufactured at Wichita by Beech in 1952, to become TC-45G 51-11544. From 1959 Rausch Engineering Inc. of South San Francisco, California, converted N8186H to tricycle undercarriage, using forward retracting main gear from a P-51 and rearward-retracting nose-leg from a T-28, adding a 3 ft (0.91 m) nose extension, 4 ft (1.22 m) rear fuselage extension, re-roofed fuselage for increased headroom and enlarged cabin windows. The modifications did not obtain FAA certification despite 58 hours of flight testing, with the aircraft eventually being broken up at Antioch, CA, in 1978. [66]
SFERMA-Beechcraft PD.18S
Modification of Beech 18S powered by two Turboméca Bastan turboprops [67]
Volpar (Beechcraft) Model 18
Conversion of Model 18 with nosewheel undercarriage [68] [69]
Volpar (Beechcraft) Super 18
Volpar (Beechcraft) Turbo 18
Beech Model 18s fitted with the Volpar MkIV tricycle undercarriage and powered by two 705-hp Garrett TPE331-1-101B turboprop engines, flat-rated to 605 hp (451 kW), driving Hartzell HC-B3TN-5 three-bladed, reversible-pitch, constant-speed feathering propellers [69]
Volpar (Beechcraft) Super Turbo 18
2x 705 hp (526 kW) Garrett TPE331
Volpar (Beechcraft) C-45G
C-45G aircraft modified with tricycle undercarriage
Volpar (Beechcraft) Turboliner
15-passenger version of the Turbo 18 with extended fuselage, powered by 2 705-hp Garrett TPE331-1-101Bs [70]
Volpar (Beechcraft) Turboliner II
Turboliners modified to meet SFAR 23 [70]

Operators

Civil

As of 2012, the Beechcraft Model 18 remains popular with air charter companies and small feeder airlines worldwide.

Military

Military Model 18 operators World operators of the Beechcraft Model 18.png
Military Model 18 operators
Argentine Navy C-45 Beechcraft C45 4-G-14.jpg
Argentine Navy C-45
Beechcraft C-45 Expeditor in RCAF Air Transport Command markings Beech18RCAF.JPG
Beechcraft C-45 Expeditor in RCAF Air Transport Command markings
C-45 as used by the Swiss Air Force for civilian aerial photography missions Swiss Air Force Beechcraft Model 18.jpg
C-45 as used by the Swiss Air Force for civilian aerial photography missions
Beechcraft Model D18S of the Indonesian National Police Indonesian search and rescue plane, Sekilas Lintas Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, p45.jpg
Beechcraft Model D18S of the Indonesian National Police
UC-45J BuNo.89484 of the now defunct Military Air Transport Service UC-45J BuNo.89484.jpg
UC-45J BuNo.89484 of the now defunct Military Air Transport Service
ROC Air Force AT-11 ROCAF Beech AT-11 in Military Airplanes Display Area 20111015.jpg
ROC Air Force AT-11
Beech 18/C-45 at the National Museum of the United States Air Force Beech C-45H Expeditor USAF.jpg
Beech 18/C-45 at the National Museum of the United States Air Force
Beechcraft UC-45F in flight Beechcraft UC-45F 00910460 118.jpg
Beechcraft UC-45F in flight
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force SNB-4 SNB-4(6428).JPG
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force SNB-4
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Canadian Red Ensign (1921-1957).svg  Canada
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Côte d'Ivoire [80]
Flag of Cuba (sky blue).svg  Cuba
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of the Philippines (navy blue).svg  Philippines
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Flag of South Vietnam.svg  South Vietnam
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela
Flag of Zaire (1971-1997).svg  Zaire

Accidents and incidents

The Beechcraft Model 18 family has been involved in the following notable accidents and incidents:

Aircraft on display

Argentina

Australia

Belgium

Brazil

Canada

Chile

India

Italy

Japan

Malta

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Portugal

Spain

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

Specifications (UC-45 Expeditor)

3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft SNB-2 Navigator Beechcraft SNB-2 Navigator 3-view line drawing.png
3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft SNB-2 Navigator

Data fromJane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. [153]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

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The Beechcraft Bonanza is an American general aviation aircraft introduced in 1947 by Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita, Kansas. The six-seater, single-engined aircraft is still produced by Beechcraft and has been in continuous production longer than any other aircraft in history. More than 17,000 Bonanzas of all variants have been built, produced in both distinctive V-tail and conventional tail configurations; early conventional-tail versions were marketed as the Debonair.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft Baron</span> Light aircraft manufactured 1961–present

The Beechcraft Baron is a light twin-engined piston aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft was introduced in 1961. A low-wing monoplane developed from the Travel Air, it remains in production.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft T-34 Mentor</span> American plane used for military training

The Beechcraft T-34 Mentor is an American propeller-driven, single-engined, military trainer aircraft derived from the Beechcraft Model 35 Bonanza. The earlier versions of the T-34, dating from around the late 1940s to the 1950s, were piston-engined. These were eventually succeeded by the upgraded T-34C Turbo-Mentor, powered by a turboprop engine. The T-34 remains in service more than seven decades after it was first designed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft L-23 Seminole</span>

The Beechcraft L-23 Seminole was the United States Armed Forces designation for the Beechcraft Twin Bonanza and Queen Air aircraft in its inventory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing-Stearman Model 75</span> American biplane military training aircraft in use 1934 through WWII

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is an American biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman, or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy, and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years, they became popular as crop dusters and sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing</span> American single engine cabin biplane

The Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing is an American biplane with an atypical negative wing stagger. It first flew in 1932.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairchild 24</span> Family of general aviation and liaison aircraft

The Fairchild Model 24, also called the Fairchild Model 24 Argus and UC-61 Forwarder, is a four-seat, single-engine monoplane light transport aircraft designed by the Fairchild Aviation Corporation in the 1930s. It was adopted by the United States Army Air Corps as UC-61 and also by the Royal Air Force. The Model 24 was itself a development of previous Fairchild models and became a successful civil and military utility aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stinson Reliant</span> High-wing monoplane produced 1933-43

The Stinson Reliant is a popular single-engine four- to five-seat high-wing monoplane manufactured by the Stinson Aircraft Division of the Aviation Manufacturing Corporation of Wayne, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waco Custom Cabin series</span>

The Waco Custom Cabins were a series of up-market single-engined four-to-five-seat cabin sesquiplanes of the late 1930s produced by the Waco Aircraft Company of the United States. "Custom Cabin" was Waco's own description of the aircraft which despite minor differences, were all fabric-covered biplanes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft AT-10 Wichita</span> American training aircraft of WWII

The Beechcraft AT-10 Wichita is an American World War II trainer built for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) by Beechcraft. It was used to train pilots for multi-engined aircraft such as bombers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft Super King Air</span> Light twin-turboprop transport aircraft family

The Beechcraft Super King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by Beechcraft. The Model 200 and Model 300 series were originally marketed as the "Super King Air" family; the "Super" designation was dropped in 1996. They form the King Air line together with the King Air Model 90 and 100 series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barksdale Global Power Museum</span>

The Barksdale Global Power Museum is an aviation museum run by the United States Air Force on Barksdale Air Force Base near Bossier City, Louisiana. Hosted by the 2nd Bomb Wing, it maintains a large collection of military aircraft and historical artifacts that illuminate the early days of United States military aviation, the Barksdale base, and the formations of the 2nd Bomb Wing and the 8th Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairchild XNQ</span>

The Fairchild XNQ is an American trainer designed as a standard primary trainer for the United States Navy during the 1940s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft Model 34</span> Prototype American Passenger Aircraft

The Beechcraft Model 34 "Twin-Quad" was a prototype airliner designed and built by Beechcraft in the period between World War II and the Korean War. At this time many aircraft manufacturers in the United States anticipated a boom in civil aviation and a large number of designs left the drawing board only to ultimately fail. The Model 34 was one of these failures, partly because of its unusual design, and partly because of the thousands of ex-military transport aircraft that were available at the time for a fraction of the price of a new aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vintage Flying Museum</span> Aviation museum in Fort Worth, Texas

The Vintage Flying Museum is a non-profit aviation museum located at Meacham International Airport, Fort Worth, Texas. The primary mission of the museum is to preserve America's flying heritage in word, deed and action. Also located at the museum is Greatest Generation Aircraft, the Invader Squadron of the Commemorative Air Force, the Fort Worth Chapter of the American Rosie the Riveter Association and PGM Aviation.

The Beechcraft Heritage Museum is an aviation museum at the Tullahoma Regional Airport in Tullahoma, Tennessee. It is focused on the history of the Beech Aircraft Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pioneer Air Museum</span> Aviation museum in Fairbanks, Alaska

The Pioneer Air Museum is an aviation museum located at Pioneer Park in Fairbanks, Alaska.

The Heritage in Flight Museum is an aviation museum located at the Logan County Airport in Lincoln, Illinois.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Type Certification Data Sheet No. 710: 18S, B18S, Rev 3" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 "Beechcraft D18S Twin Beech." Archived 30 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Retrieved: 17 December 2014.
  3. 1 2 "Fact Sheet: Beech C-45H Expeditor." National Museum of the U.S. Air Force , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Retrieved: 5 August 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Twin Beech: The 1930s airplane that set Beech Aircraft Corporation on a course towards 50 years of success" Flying Magazine , February 1982, pp. 26-30, Retrieved: 5 August 2017
  5. ↑ "Fact Sheet: Beech AT-11 Kansan." National Museum of the U.S. Air Force , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Retrieved: 5 August 2017.
  6. ↑ Bauschspies, James S. and William E. Simpson, "Research and Technology Program Perspectives for General Aviation and Commuter Aircraft", NASA Contract NASW-3554 for NASA, Sept. 1982, N83-17454#. Retrieved: 18 Dec. 2014. (In particular, see: Table 2.4 "COMMUTER CARGO FLEET IN 1981 - TOP TEN AIRCRAFT MODELS - NUMBER IN FLEET," which notes Beech 18 units are more than the next two aircraft combined (Convair 500/680 and Douglas DC-3), and more than the next three general aviation aircraft combined.
  7. ↑ "Beech 18" FAA Aircraft Registry. Archived 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Federal Aviation Administration . Retrieved: 5 August 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 "Model 18 Specifications." Archived 1 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Beechcraft Heritage Museum. Retrieved: 24 August 2008.
  9. ↑ "Some of the Differences Between the Models and Modifications of the Beech 18". twinbeech.com. 30 September 2006. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  10. 1 2 "Beech H18 JA5174". flyteam.jp. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  11. 1 2 3 Taylor 1967, p. 250.
  12. ↑ "Beechcraft 3NMT Expeditor." Canadian Museum of Flight. Retrieved: 13 August 2012.
  13. 1 2 "Beechcraft page." Aerofiles. Retrieved: 12 August 2008.
  14. 1 2 "S18D." Archived 24 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Beechcraft Heritage Museum. Retrieved: 12 August 2008.
  15. 1 2 Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 41.
  16. 1 2 3 Baugher, Joe (16 August 2022). "US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (00001 to 10316)". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  17. ↑ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 41–42.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 42.
  19. 1 2 3 "Beech JRB-4/5 "Expeditor"". www.history.uscg.mil. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Baugher, Joe (25 June 2022). "US Coast Guard Aircraft Serials". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "C-45H." Beechcraft Heritage Museum. Retrieved: 24 August 2008.
  22. ↑ Swanborough & Bowers 1976, pp. 42–43.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Swanborough & Bowers 1976, p. 43.
  24. ↑ O'Rourke, G.G, CAPT USN. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads." United States Naval Institute Proceedings, July 1968.
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  30. ↑ "CASA Airworthiness Directive No. AD/BEECH 18/17." Archived 2008-08-01 at the Wayback Machine CASA. Retrieved: 24 August 2008.
  31. 1 2 "USA Warplanes C-45 page." Archived 2017-05-12 at the Wayback Machine uswarplanes.net. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
  32. 1 2 "Aircraft Specification No. 630: Models Beechcraft 18A, S18A: Rev 3" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  33. 1 2 3 4 Pelletier 1995, p. 68
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Aircraft Specification No. A-684: Hawker Beechcraft: 18D S18D, A18A, SA18A, A18D, SA18D : Rev3" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  35. ↑ McKillop, Jack. "Beech JRB Expedition (sic), Beech SNB Kansan and Navigator". microworks.ne. Retrieved: 28 August 2008.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Beech C18S Type Certificate." Archived 24 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved: 12 August 2008.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 FAA Beech D18/E18/G18/H18 Series Type Certificate.. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  38. 1 2 3 4 "Aircraft Serial Number Lists 1945–2008." Archived 2009-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Hawker Beechcraft. Retrieved: 8 August 2008.
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  41. 1 2 3 4 Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 36.
  42. ↑ Handbook [of] Service and Maintenance Instructions: USAF Models C-45B, C-45F; Navy Models JRB-3, JRB-4 Aircraft. 4 November 1947. p. 90B.
  43. 1 2 3 Baugher, Joe. "USAAF 1942 Serial Number List." [ permanent dead link ]USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers–1908 to Present. Retrieved: 11 June 2011.
  44. 1 2 Baugher, Joe. "USAAF 1943 Serial Number List." [ permanent dead link ]USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers–1908 to Present. Retrieved: 11 June 2011.
  45. 1 2 Baugher, Joe. "USAF 1951 Serial Number List." [ permanent dead link ]USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers–1908 to Present. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
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  47. ↑ Donald 1995, pp. 7–8.
  48. 1 2 Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 37.
  49. 1 2 3 Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 41.
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  51. ↑ Baugher, Joe (30 June 2022). "US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (90020 to 99860)". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
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  54. 1 2 Baugher, Joe (19 August 2022). "US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (60010 to 70187)". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
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  56. ↑ Baugher, Joe (18 August 2022). "US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos, Third Series (50360 to 60009)". joebaugher.com. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
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  60. ↑ "EO 05-45B-6A/130." RCAF, 10 March 1959.
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  62. ↑ "EO 05-45B-1 Aircraft Operating Instructions." RCAF, 26 September 1966, Supplement B, p. 2.
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  68. ↑ Taylor 1965, p. 316.
  69. 1 2 Taylor 1982, p. 483.
  70. 1 2 Taylor 1982, p. 484.
  71. 1 2 Bridgman 1951, p. 3a.
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  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pelletier 1995, p. 83.
  81. ↑ Hagedorn 1993, p. 16
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  84. 1 2 Bridgman 1951, p. 11a.
  85. ↑ Bridgman 1951, p. 12a.
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  89. 1 2 3 4 Pelletier 1995, p. 84.
  90. ↑ Mesko 1981, p. 1.
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  93. 1 2 Bridgman 1951, p. 20a.
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Bibliography

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