Lockheed Martin KC-130

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KC-130
KC-130J Special-Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force Crisis Response.jpg
A KC-130J from VMGR-252 flies over the Mediterranean Sea, 15 June 2014
Role Tanker (aircraft) / Transport, Overwatch / Ground support ((Harvest HAWK variant)).
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Lockheed
Lockheed Martin
IntroductionKC-130F: 1962
KC-130R: 1976
KC-130T: 1983
KC-130J: April 2004
RetiredKC-130F (2006)
KC-130R (2007)
KC-130T (2021)
StatusActive
Primary users United States Marine Corps
Royal Canadian Air Force
Number builtKC-130B: 6
KC-130F: 46
KC-130H: 33
KC-130R: 14
KC-130T: 28
KC-130J: 53
Developed from Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules
Developed into Lockheed Martin HC-130J [1]
Lockheed Martin MC-130J [1]

The Lockheed Martin (previously Lockheed) KC-130 is a family of the extended-range tanker version of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft. The KC-130J is the latest variant operated by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), with 48 delivered out of 79 ordered. It replaced older KC-130F, KC-130R, and KC-130T variants for aerial refueling. USMC reserve unit, VMGR-452 operated 12 KC-130T aircraft until May 2021; this was the last USMC reserve unit that operated the legacy KC-130s, completing the corps' transition to the more advanced Super Hercules.

Contents

Development

The KC-130F made its first test flight in January 1960 as the GV-1 under the old Navy designation system. First entering service in 1962, the KC-130F was designed to undertake aerial refueling missions in support of USMC aircraft. It was developed from the Lockheed C-130 Hercules.

The newest Hercules, the KC-130J, shares 55 percent of the same airframe as preceding models, but in fact is a greatly improved airplane. It is based on the Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules and provides significant increases in operational capability and performance margins over preceding KC-130F/R/T (legacy) aircraft. Additionally, The KC-130J reduces cost of ownership through system reliability and reduced maintenance man-hours per flight hour.

The new HC-130J combat rescue tanker and MC-130J special operations tanker are both derived from a KC-130J baseline. [1]

Technological development has led to the incorporation of interior/exterior night vision lighting, night vision goggle head-up displays, global positioning system, and jam-resistant radios. Some KC-130s are also equipped with defensive electronic and infrared countermeasures systems.

Design

USMC KC-130 and CH-53Es over the Gulf of Aden, 2003 US Navy 030130-M-0000X-001 Two U.S. Marine Corps CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters assigned to Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron-772 (HMM-772) receive fuel from a KC-130 Hercules.jpg
USMC KC-130 and CH-53Es over the Gulf of Aden, 2003

The KC-130 is a multi-role, multi-mission tactical tanker/transport which provides the refueling support required by the USMC for its aircraft. This versatile asset provides in-flight refueling to both tactical aircraft and helicopters within a 500-nautical-mile (930 km) operating radius, as well as rapid ground refueling when required. Additional tasks performed are aerial delivery of troops and cargo, emergency resupply into unimproved landing zones within the objective or battle area, emergency medical evacuation, tactical insertion of combat troops and equipment, and evacuation missions.

KC-130J

The KC-130J offers a 27,215 kg (60,000 lb) fuel capacity that it can allocate between its own flight requirements against aerial refueling offload capacity using its wing and external tanks while in the air. When more fuel is needed, an additional 11,064 kg (24,392 lb) of fuel can be offloaded from a specially configured internal fuselage 13,627 L (3,600-gallon) aluminum fuel tank. The system also functions without the fuselage tank, so the cargo compartment can be used for cargo on the same mission, giving the aircraft even greater flexibility.

The aircraft is ready to fuel fixed-wing, tilt-rotor, or rotary-wing aircraft using the standard probe and drogue technique. The two wing-mounted hose and drogue refueling pods (made by Sargent Fletcher) can each transfer up to 300 gallons (1,136 L) per minute to two aircraft simultaneously, allowing for rapid cycle times of multiple-receiver aircraft formations, a typical tanker formation of four aircraft in less than 30 minutes.

The KC-130J also provides for rapid ground refueling of helicopters, vehicles and fuel caches. The aircraft has a unique propeller feathering feature (known as "hotel mode", derived from the term hotel electric power, when a vessel or other means of transport is equipped with a power plant with the sole purpose of generating electric power for lighting, etc., rather than propulsion) which can slow (at 25% rotation speed) the propellers while the turbines continue to run and energize the generator, providing power to the electric fuel pumps. This reduction of the propellers' speed helps to eliminate prop wash behind the KC-130J. This allows ground forces to operate in relative calm while the aircraft offloads up to 2,271 L, 1,823 kg (600 gallons, 4,018 pounds) per minute.

The U.S. Marine Corps has chosen the KC-130J to replace its aging KC-130 legacy tanker fleet. The new KC-130J offers increased utility and much needed improvement in mission performance. As a force multiplier, the J-model tanker is capable of refueling both fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft as well as conducting rapid ground refueling. The refueling speed envelope has been widened from 100 to 270 knots (500 km/h) indicated airspeed, offering more capability and flexibility. [2] Offload rates per refueling pod can be up to 300 gallons (1,136 L) per minute simultaneously. The KC-130's offload is significantly greater than previous Hercules tankers. As an example, at 1,000 nautical miles (1,852 km), the fuel offload is well over 45,000 pounds (20,412 kg).

Harvest HAWK

With the addition of the Marine Corps's ISR / Weapon Mission Kit, the KC-130J will be able to serve as an overwatch aircraft and can deliver ground support fire in the form of Hellfire or Griffin missiles, precision-guided bombs, and eventually 30mm cannon fire in a later upgrade. [3] This capability, designated as "Harvest HAWK" (Hercules Airborne Weapons Kit), can be used in scenarios where precision is not a requisite, such as area denial. [4]

The AN/AAQ-30 Target Sight System (TSS) integrates an infrared and television camera, and is mounted under the left wing's external fuel tank. It is the same TSS used on the upgraded AH-1Z Viper attack helicopter. [5] The typical loadout is four Hellfire missiles and 10 Griffin GPS guided missiles. [6] The weapons systems operator uses a Fire Control Console mounted on an HCU-6/E pallet in the KC-130J's cargo compartment. [7]

The aircraft retains its original capabilities in refueling and transportation. The entire system can be removed in less than a day if necessary. [8] The USAF MC-130W Dragon Spear program uses a similar concept.

The USMC plans to acquire three kits per active-duty KC-130J squadron for a total of nine kits, each costing up to US$22 million. [9] It was first test flown on 29 August 2009 by VX-20, and first deployed in October 2010 with VMGR-352. [8]

The Lockheed Martin KC-130J Harvest HAWK components and operation
Harvest Hawk KC-130J with Hellfire.jpg
Hellfire missile wing pylon launcher
Griffin missile launcher installed on loading ramp of a KC-130J.jpg
Griffin missile ramp launcher
USMC Harvest HAWK Paratrooper Door Launcher.jpg
Griffin missile door launcher
Harvest HAWK TSS.jpg
Target Sight System attached to the rear of a wing pylon fuel tank
USMC Harvest HAWK Command and Control pallet.jpg
Acquisition and fire control pallet
Video of KC-130J Harvest HAWK live fire testing with early era equipment, 2013

Operational history

A VMGR-152 KC-130F landing at Dong Ha, Vietnam, in 1967. KC-130F VMGR-152 landing at Dong Ha 1967.JPEG
A VMGR-152 KC-130F landing at Dong Ha, Vietnam, in 1967.

The KC-130 has supported operations in the Vietnam War, Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and other USMC operations over the last fifty years. It also participated in the Falklands War for Argentina.

VMGR-252, Cherry Point, NC, was the first fleet squadron to transition to the KC-130J. Contrary to most military squadrons when they transition to a new aircraft, VMGR-252 did not "stand down" to train and equip for the new airframe. Instead, they continued full-time fleet support with their "legacy" Hercs until fully converted to the J model. This trend was continued by squadrons as they transitioned to the KC-130J.

In February 2005, VMGR-252 made the first operational combat deployment of the KC-130J when six aircraft were deployed to Al Asad, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. During this time VMGR-252 experienced many "firsts" with the new J model conducting aerial refueling, delivery of cargo and passengers, the first combat aerial delivery of supplies by any J model user (the USAF subsequently conducted aerial delivery in Afghanistan with their new J models later that year) and battlefield illumination. VMGR-252 maintained the sole KC-130J presence for a year while VMGR-352 took delivery of and transitioned to the J model. The semi-permissive threat environment and the state of the art defensive systems of the J model permitted it to operate over the battlefield, providing fuel for the jets close to the fight, versus the tanker being far behind the lines in relative sanctuary. On more than one occasion VMGR-252 aircraft came under fire from insurgents, as did VMGR-352 aircraft during subsequent deployments to Iraq.

In 2006, VMGR-252 and 352 shared a joint detachment in Iraq and this paradigm continued for a number of years. In the summer of 2006, VMGR-252 provided a two KC-130J detachment in support of the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (24MEU) to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus during the Lebanon/Israeli conflict that summer. Also during this time VMGR-252 began extensive operational training and tactics development with the new MV-22 Osprey, refining long range tanker procedures with the new tilt-rotor aircraft.

In Spring 2008, VMGR-252 again made KC-130J history by providing the KC-130J aircraft detachment to 24MEU as they reestablished the USMC presence in Kandahar, Afghanistan. This deployment experienced numerous great KC-130J successes conducting all manner of expeditionary type missions routinely landing at austere dirt runways, tactical aerial delivery of goods, and the traditional logistic support and refueling missions that are the hallmark of USMC KC-130 support.

KC-130J Harvest Hawk weapon launch markings in Afghanistan, 2011. KC-130J Harvest Hawk mission markers Afghanistan 2011.JPG
KC-130J Harvest Hawk weapon launch markings in Afghanistan, 2011.

Though the USMC KC-130Js have left Iraq, a continuing KC-130J presence has now been maintained in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, with aircraft and crews provided by both VMGR-252 and 352 during different periods. In May 2009, the Okinawa-based "SUMOS" of VMGR-152 provided two aircraft and crews to support the OEF presence. This was VMGR-152's first operational combat deployment since Vietnam, and they have been maintaining a continuing presence in Afghanistan with VMGR-352/252.

USMC KC-130J aircraft from VMGR-252 and 352 have additionally been deployed to Djibouti for operations in the Horn of African supporting counter-terrorist operations in the region.

After the 2010 Pakistan floods, KC-130Js from USMC VMGR-352 squadron delivered over 90,000 kg (200,000 lbs) of cargo across Pakistan in support of flood relief efforts. [10]

The Harvest Hawk weapons system for USMC KC-130J aircraft began its first deployment during October 2010 in Afghanistan with Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 (VMGR-352). [8] Its first weapons engagement was on 4 November supporting the 3rd Battalion 5th Marines in Sangin. One Hellfire missile was fired and five enemy insurgents were killed. The battle damage assessment stated there were no civilian casualties or property damage during the fire fight. [6]

A KC-130J from the 26th MEU participated in a pilot rescue during Operation Odyssey Dawn. [11]

Variants

The VMGR-252 KC-130R, in this case BuNo 160625 (ex-AF Ser. No. 77-0321), was retired in 2008. KC-130R VMGR-252 refueling Harriers 1978.JPEG
The VMGR-252 KC-130R, in this case BuNo 160625 (ex-AF Ser. No. 77-0321), was retired in 2008.
KC-130B
Six C-130B models were modified into in-flight refueling tankers. 4 currently operating with the Republic of Singapore Air Force (all four to be upgraded to KC-130H standard), 1 with Indonesian Air Force.
KC-130F
Enhanced KC-130B, 46 built
KC-130H
Tanker variant of C-130H, 33 built. In addition to these, JASDF has modified several (at least three) of its C-130Hs to have aerial refueling capability and uses them to support its UH-60J rescue helicopters. [12]
KC-130R
14 former USAF aircraft transferred to the U.S. Marine Corps. Six had refueling gear removed and were sold to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as C-130R aircraft to replace their remaining YS-11M/M-A aircraft for troop and cargo movement, humanitarian efforts, transport of senior leaders, and medical evacuation. [13] [14] Regeneration began in November 2012 and was to be completed by Fall 2013.
KC-130T
Variant from C-130H, 28 built
KC-130T-30
Variant from C-130H-30, 2 built, [15] transferred to the U.S. Navy and converted to C-130T-30s.
KC-130J
Variant from C-130J

Operators

Two VMGR-352 KC-130Js during a training exercise, February 2007. US Navy 070205-M-3968C-119 Two KC-130J Hercules aircraft, assigned to Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron (VMGR) 352, stagger themselves during a refueling training exercise off the coast of Southern California.jpg
Two VMGR-352 KC-130Js during a training exercise, February 2007.

Current

Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait
3 KC-130J in service, with an option to purchase three more [21]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya
7 are on order[ citation needed ]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia
4 KC-130T in service [22]
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco
Operates 2 KC-130H aircraft[ citation needed ]
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru

Operates two KC-130H aircraft acquired from Spain in 2020.

Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden

The Swedish air force operates 1 KC-130H tanker

The KC-130T has officially been retired from the USMC Reserve on 5 May 2021, here VMGR-452. Lockheed KC-130T of VMGR-452 at RIAT 1993.jpg
The KC-130T has officially been retired from the USMC Reserve on 5 May 2021, here VMGR-452.
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay

Operates two KC-130H aircraft acquired from Spain in 2020 to replace its two C-130B aircraft.

Former

Flag of Spain.svg  Spain

Specifications (KC-130J)

Lockheed Martin KC-130J Hercules 3-view line drawing.svg

Data from Lockheed Martin KC-130J Super Tanker fact sheet, [27]

General characteristics

  • 92 passengers or
  • 64 airborne troops or
  • 6 pallets or
  • 74 litter patients with 2 medical personnel
  • 2–3 Humvees or an M113 armored personnel carrier
  • Fuel offload capacity 57,000 lb (25,855 kg)

Performance

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</span> American military transport aircraft

The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is an American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built by Lockheed. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medevac, and cargo transport aircraft. The versatile airframe has found uses in other roles, including as a gunship (AC-130), for airborne assault, search and rescue, scientific research support, weather reconnaissance, aerial refueling, maritime patrol, and aerial firefighting. It is now the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. More than 40 variants of the Hercules, including civilian versions marketed as the Lockheed L-100, operate in more than 60 nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed EC-130</span> 1975 electronic warfare aircraft series by Lockheed

The Lockheed Martin EC-130 series comprises several slightly different versions of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules that have been and continue to be operated by the U.S. Air Force and, until the 1990s, the U.S. Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed WC-130</span> Weather aircraft series by Lockheed

The Lockheed WC-130 is a high-wing, medium-range aircraft used for weather reconnaissance missions by the United States Air Force. The aircraft is a modified version of the C-130 Hercules transport configured with specialized weather instrumentation including a dropsonde deployment/receiver system and crewed by a meteorologist for penetration of tropical cyclones and winter storms to obtain data on movement, size and intensity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed HC-130</span> Search and rescue aircraft version of the C-130 Hercules

The Lockheed HC-130 is an extended-range, search and rescue (SAR)/combat search and rescue (CSAR) version of the C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft, with two different versions operated by two separate services in the U.S. armed forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed LC-130</span> Ski-equipped military transport aircraft

The Lockheed LC-130 is a ski-equipped United States Air Force variant of the C-130 Hercules used in the Arctic and Antarctic. Ten are currently in service with the 109th Airlift Wing of the New York Air National Guard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGR-152</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 152 (VMGR-152) provides aerial refueling service to support Fleet Marine Force (FMF) air operations; and provides assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The squadron, known as the "Sumos", flies the fixed-wing Lockheed Martin KC-130J aircraft. VMGR-152 is stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Iwakuni, Japan and is part of Marine Aircraft Group 12 (MAG-12) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGR-352</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 (VMGR-352) is a United States Marine Corps KC-130J squadron. They are a part of Marine Aircraft Group 11 (MAG-11), 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and provide both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial refueling capabilities to support Fleet Marine Force (FMF) air operations in addition to assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The squadron, known as the "Raiders" is stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGRT-253</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Training Squadron 253 was based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, and responsible for providing the Fleet Marine Force active-duty and reserve KC-130 squadrons with qualified replacement pilots and enlisted aircrew. Known as the "Titans", VMGRT-253 was a subordinate unit of Marine Aircraft Group 14, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGR-234</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 234 (VMGR-234) is a reserve United States Marine Corps KC-130J squadron. They are a part of Marine Aircraft Group 41 (MAG-41), 4th Marine Aircraft Wing and provide both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial refueling capabilities to support Marine Forces Reserve air operations in addition to assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The squadron, known as the "Rangers" is stationed at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGR-452</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 452 (VMGR-452) was a reserve United States Marine Corps cargo squadron that previously flew the Lockheed Martin KC-130J. The squadron fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 49 (MAG-49) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing. The squadron, known as the "Yankees", was stationed at Stewart Air National Guard Base, New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VMGR-252</span> Military unit

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 252 (VMGR-252) is a United States Marine Corps KC-130J squadron. They are a part of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14), 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing and provide both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial refueling capabilities to support Fleet Marine Force air operations in addition to assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies. The squadron, known as "Otis" is stationed at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina. It also has the distinction of being the oldest continually active squadron in the Marine Corps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules</span> Military transport aircraft

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">VX-20</span> Military unit

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">VR-62</span> Military unit

Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 62 (VR-62), nicknamed the Nomads, is one of five U.S. Navy Reserve squadrons operating the Lockheed C-130T Hercules medium-lift cargo aircraft. Based at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, the squadron is manned by a combination of traditional part-time drilling Selected Reservists (SELRES) and a full-time active duty Navy Reserve cadre known as Training and Administration of the Reserve (TAR) personnel (previously known as Full Time Support (FTS) personnel from August 2006 to November 2021). The squadron is under the operational control of Commander, Fleet Logistics Support Wing(COMFLELOGSUPWING) at NAS JRB Fort Worth, Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command</span> Military unit

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Air Transport Squadron 61 is a unit in the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force. It is a part of the Fleet Air Force and is based at Naval Air Facility Atsugi in Kanagawa prefecture. It operates LC-90 and Lockheed C-130R Hercules aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 United States Marine Corps KC-130 crash</span>

On 10 July 2017, a Lockheed KC-130T Hercules aircraft of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) crashed in Leflore County, Mississippi, killing all 16 people on board. The aircraft had the call sign "Yanky 72" and was from Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 452 (VMGR-452) based at Stewart Air National Guard Base, New York. Debris from the aircraft was found in Leflore County, Mississippi. The USMC released a statement calling the event a "mishap."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed RC-130 Hercules</span> Military reconnaissance aircraft mainly used in the U.S. Air Force

The Lockheed RC-130 Hercules are retired variants of the C-130 Hercules, designed for photographic or electronic reconnaissance missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Chilean Air Force C-130 crash</span> Military aircraft accident

On 9 December 2019, a Chilean Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft crashed in the Drake Passage while en route to Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, a Chilean military base on King George Island in Antarctica.

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