Ryan Aeronautical

Last updated
Ryan Aeronautical Company
Founded1934
Founder T. Claude Ryan
Defunct1969/1999
FateMerged with Teledyne
Successor Northrop Grumman
Headquarters San Diego, California
Ryan PT-22 Trainer Ryan PT-22 Recruit N46502 OTT 2013 02.jpg
Ryan PT-22 Trainer

The Ryan Aeronautical Company was founded by T. Claude Ryan in San Diego, California, in 1934. It became part of Teledyne in 1969, and of Northrop Grumman when the latter company purchased Ryan in 1999. Ryan built several historically and technically significant aircraft, including four innovative V/STOL designs, but its most successful production aircraft was the Ryan Firebee line of unmanned drones used as target drones and unmanned air vehicles. [1]

Contents

Early history

In 1922, T.C. Ryan founded a flying service in San Diego that would lead to several aviation ventures bearing the Ryan name, including Ryan Airline Company founded in 1925. [2]

T.C. Ryan, whose previous companies were best known for building Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic Spirit of St. Louis , actually had no part in building the famous aircraft. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Ryan had been owner or partner in several previous companies, one of which also bore the name Ryan Aeronautical. The Spirit of St. Louis was not built by the final Ryan Aeronautical entity. [9]

The new company's first aircraft was the S-T Sport Trainer, [10] a low-wing tandem-seat monoplane with a 95 hp (71 kW) Menasco B-4 Pirate straight-4 engine. Five were built before production switched to the Ryan ST-A Aerobatic with a more powerful 125 hp (93 kW) Menasco C-4 in 1935. This aircraft now had enough power for aerobatic display, and it won the 1937 International Aerobatic Championships. A further improved ST-A Special was built in 1936, with a supercharged 150 hp (110 kW) Menasco C-4S.

In 1937 and 1938, a second civilian aircraft model was introduced, the S-C Sport Coupe, or SC-W with a 145 hp (108 kW) Warner Super Scarab radial engine. The SC-W was a larger three-seater aircraft with a sliding canopy and side-by-side front seating. The prototype SC-M was originally powered by a Menasco C-4 inline engine, however testing revealed that more power was needed. Thirteen examples of the SC-W were built, although the last one was assembled from surplus parts decades after the initial production run was finished.

USAAC trainers

Ryan Aeronautical Company logo (1960-1969) Ryan Aeronautical Company logo 1960.png
Ryan Aeronautical Company logo (1960–1969)

Interest from the United States Army Air Corps followed. The Menasco engines proved unreliable, and instead Kinner radial engines were fitted. Aircraft were produced as the PT-16 (15 built); PT-20 (30 built); PT-21 (100 USAAF, 100 USN); and finally as the definitive PT-22 Recruit (1,048 built) ordered in 1941 as pilot training began its rapid expansion.

Ryan also pioneered STOL techniques in its YO-51 Dragonfly liaison and observation craft, but only three. [11]

Postwar

Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon Teledyne-Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon - DSC00908.jpg
Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon

In the immediate postwar years, Ryan bought the rights to the Navion light aircraft from North American Aviation, selling it to both military and civilian customers. [11] :222–225

Ryan became involved in the missile and unmanned aircraft fields, developing the Ryan Firebee unmanned target drone, the Ryan Firebird (the first American air-to-air missile) among others, as well as a number of experimental and research aircraft.

Ryan acquired a 50% stake in Continental Motors Corporation, the aircraft-engine builder, in 1965. [12]

In the 1950s, Ryan was a pioneer in jet vertical flight with the X-13 Vertijet, a tail-sitting jet with a delta wing which was not used in production designs. In the early 1960s, Ryan built the XV-5 Vertifan for the U.S. Army, which used wing- and nose-mounted lift vanes for V/STOL vertical flight. Other Ryan V/STOL designs included the VZ-3 Vertiplane. [11] :226–235

Ryan developed the highly accurate radar system used on the Apollo Lunar Module. [11] :237–238

In 1968, the company was acquired by Teledyne for $128 million and a year later became a wholly owned subsidiary of that company as Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Company. [11] :237

Northrop Grumman purchased Teledyne Ryan in 1999, with the products continuing to form the core of that firm's unmanned aerial vehicle efforts.

Aircraft

Model nameFirst flightNumber builtType
Ryan M-1 192636Mail plane
Ryan ST, PT-22 Recruit 19341994Trainer
Ryan S-C 193714Light passenger aircraft
Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly 19403STOL scout
Ryan FR Fireball 194466Piston-jet fighter
Ryan XF2R Dark Shark 19461Turboprop fighter
Ryan Navion 19481202Light passenger aircraft; military liaison
Ryan X-13 Vertijet 19552Experimental vertical takeoff
Ryan Firebee 1955xxTarget drone
Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane 19591Experimental V/STOL
Ryan Model 147 1960sDrone
Ryan XV-8 19611Flex wing
Ryan XV-5 Vertifan 19642VTOL
Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 196828Reconnaissance drone
Ryan YQM-98 1974Reconnaissance drone
Teledyne Ryan Scarab 1988Reconnaissance drone
Teledyne Ryan 410 1988Reconnaissance drone
BQM-145 Peregrine 1992Reconnaissance drone

Missiles

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan ST</span> American light airplane

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Navion</span> American light aircraft design

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan XV-5 Vertifan</span> American experimental VTOL aircraft

The Ryan XV-5 Vertifan was a jet-powered V/STOL experimental aircraft in the 1960s. The United States Army commissioned the Ryan VZ-11-RY in 1961, along with the Lockheed VZ-10 Hummingbird. It successfully proved the concept of ducted lift fans, but the project was cancelled after multiple fatal crashes unrelated to the lift system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Model 147</span> Jet-powered drone

The Ryan Model 147 Lightning Bug is a jet-powered drone, or unmanned aerial vehicle, produced and developed by Ryan Aeronautical from the earlier Ryan Firebee target drone series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Firebee</span> Series of target drones

The Ryan Firebee is a series of target drones developed by the Ryan Aeronautical Company beginning in 1951. It was one of the first jet-propelled drones, and remains one of the most widely used target drones ever built.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan AQM-91 Firefly</span> Type of aircraft

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan S-C</span> American light aircraft

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern</span> Type of aircraft

The Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern was a developmental aerial reconnaissance drone developed by Ryan Aeronautical. It could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft, and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform surveillance, communications relay, or atmospheric sampling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan M-1</span> Type of aircraft

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stearman-Hammond Y-1</span> Type of aircraft

The Stearman-Hammond Y-1 was a 1930s American utility monoplane built by the Stearman-Hammond Aircraft Corporation and evaluated by the United States Navy and the British Royal Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radioplane Q-1</span> Type of aircraft

The Radioplane Q-1 was an American target drone, developed in the early 1950s for the United States Air Force by the Radioplane Company. Originally powered by a pulsejet engine, then later developed as an improved turbojet-powered aircraft, the Q-1 failed to win the favor of the USAF. However, the aircraft provided the basis of the GAM-67 Crossbow anti-radar missile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryson ST-100 Cloudster</span> Two-seat motor glider

The Ryson ST-100 Cloudster is a tandem two-seat, low-wing, conventional landing gear motor glider that was designed by T. Claude Ryan first flown in 1976 and certified in 1983. The aircraft was intended to be used as both a motor glider and a light aircraft and was type certified in both categories.

References

  1. "Ryan Aeronautical Had Big Plans for the Vertifan Jump Jet". The Drive. May 3, 2017.
  2. Gill Rob Wilson (July 1954). "Genealogy of American Aircraft". Flying Magazine.
  3. Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris by Nova Hall
  4. The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis by Ev Cassagneres
  5. "Image: letter_fromCal01-1939-post1970.jpg, (468 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  6. "Image: letter_fromCal02-1939-post1970.jpg, (462 × 596 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  7. "Image: letter_fromCal03-1939-post1970.jpg, (466 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  8. "Image: letter_fromCal04-1939-post1970.jpg, (462 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  9. "Photos: Ryan Field west of Tucson". Arizona Daily Star. July 19, 2018.
  10. Cassagneres, Ev (1995). The New Ryan: Development and History of the Ryan ST and SC. Eagan: Flying Books International. pp. Introduction, 1–19, 52. ISBN   9780911139204.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Cassagneres, Ev (1982). The Spirit of Ryan. Blue Ridge Summit: TAB BOOKS Inc. pp. 208–210.
  12. Leyes, Richard A., and William A. Fleming, The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 1999: p.143 ISBN   1-56347-332-1