Standard J

Last updated
Standard J
Standard J-1 USAF.jpg
RoleTrainer
National originUnited States
Manufacturer Standard Aircraft Corporation
Designer Charles Healy Day
First flight1916
Number built1,600+
Developed fromSloan H series

The Standard J is a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN-4 in production.

Contents

Development

Charles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft, and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (later Standard Aircraft Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept-back wing planform, triangular king posts above the upper wings, and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's leading edge, just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage.

Operational history

Standard J-1 providing joyrides. 04-00075 Carrying passengers at Rockwell Field. (5684424286).jpg
Standard J-1 providing joyrides.

Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinder Hall-Scott A-7a engine was unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about two to one in June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s numbered about seven to one due to the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their delivery crates.

In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000 per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX-5 engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped. Curtiss, which produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified with different powerplants, for resale.

Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.

Variants

Standard J, modified with an enclosed cabin by T. Claude Ryan, in flight over San Diego Ryan Standard.jpg
Standard J, modified with an enclosed cabin by T. Claude Ryan, in flight over San Diego

War-surplus conversions

Nicholas-Beazley Standard photo from Aero Digest September 1926 Nicholas-Beazley Standard Aero Digest September 1926.jpg
Nicholas-Beazley Standard photo from Aero Digest September 1926

Operators

Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Surviving aircraft

Standard J-1 at the USAF Museum, showing the wing sweepback Standard J-1 belowL Early Years NMUSAF 25Sep09 (14413259688).jpg
Standard J-1 at the USAF Museum, showing the wing sweepback
Standard J-1 (fabric covering removed) at the USAF Museum 17 14 023 museum.jpg
Standard J-1 (fabric covering removed) at the USAF Museum

Over a dozen J-1s are on display or being restored. Others projects are incomplete and awaiting restoration.

Specifications (SJ)

Standard J-1 with Hispano-Suiza engine Standard J-1 with Hispano-Suiza engine.jpg
Standard J-1 with Hispano-Suiza engine

Data from The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor [29]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

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References

Notes
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  2. "Les Ailes : journal hebdomadaire de la locomotion aérienne / directeur, rédacteur en chef, Georges Houard". Gallica. 1926-02-18. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  3. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft p.2835
  4. Taylor 1989, p.774
  5. "Standard J-1". Yanks Air Museum. Yanks Air Museum. 2017-02-06. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  6. "Airframe Dossier — StandardH / J / SJ / JR / E-4, c/n 214, c/r N214J". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  7. "1918 STANDARD J-1". Owls Head Transportation Museum. Owls Head Transportation Museum. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  8. "FAA REGISTRY [N22581]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  9. "FAA REGISTRY [N7063X]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  10. "Standard J-1 (Fabric Removed)". National Museum of the US Air Force. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  11. "Airframe Dossier — Standard J-1, c/n 1141". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
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  13. "FAA REGISTRY [N2825D]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  14. "Airframe Dossier — Standard J-1, c/n 1598, c/r NX2826D". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  15. "FAA REGISTRY [N2826D]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  16. "EAA's Standard J-1 Makes First Post-Restorative Flight". EAA. EAA. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  17. "Airframe Dossier — Standard H / J / SJ / JR / E-4, c/r N6948". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  18. "FAA REGISTRY [N6948]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  19. "Aircraft N9477 Data". Airport-Data.com. Airport-Data.com. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  20. "FAA REGISTRY [N9477]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  21. "FAA REGISTRY [N5264]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  22. "Aircraft". Glenn H. Curtiss Museum. Glenn H. Curtiss Museum. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  23. "FAA REGISTRY [N823H]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  24. "Museum Hangar 4". Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  25. "FAA Registry [N62505]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  26. "FAA REGISTRY [N598EF]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  27. "FAA REGISTRY [N4732W]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
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  29. Aviation April 1, 1917, pp. 216–217.
Bibliography