Vultee BT-13 Valiant

Last updated
BT-13 Valiant
Vultee BT-13A-VU Valiant '018 - 41-21178' (N27003) (50905401288).jpg
A restored Vultee BT-13 over an Airshow in Dallas, 2019
RoleTrainer
Manufacturer Vultee Aircraft
First flightMarch 1939
IntroductionJune 1940
Primary users United States Army Air Forces
United States Navy
Number built9,525

The Vultee BT-13 Valiant is an American World War II-era basic (a category between primary and advanced) trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps, and later US Army Air Forces. A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the BT-15 Valiant, while an identical version for the US Navy was known as the SNV and was used to train naval aviators for the US Navy and its sister services, the US Marine Corps and US Coast Guard. [1]

Contents

Design and development

Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight c1940.jpg
Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight

According to Jonathan Thompson, "The three trainer designs that shared their basic engineering with the Vanguard fighter were all promoted under the same name, Valiant. The prototypes had consectutive serial numbers 139, 140 and 141 and made their first flights in the Spring and Summer of 1939. While similar in appearance, they were distinct in purpose and performance, and only one of them succeeded in winning a production contract. This turned out to be six AC contracts with three supplements, eventually amounting to 11,526 aircraft, plus twelve ordered by Peru, for a total of 11,538." [2]

On 24 March, the Vultee BC-51 advanced trainer first flew, but lost out in competition to the North American AT-6. The Air Corps did accept the Vultee BC-51 though, designating it as the BC-3 after some upgrades in the Spring of 1940. On 9 June, Vultee model 54 advanced trainer first flew. Its original 450-hp Wright Whirlwind was eventually replaced with a R-1340. On 28 July, the Vultee model 54A first flew. According to Thompson, "A Basic Trainer, similar to the model 54 except for its fixed landing gear and P&W R-985 engine, it struck pay dirt. In August the USAAC selected it for volume production as the BT-13. which became the standard type for the category throughout World War II." [2] [3]

The Vultee BT-13 was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in PT-13, PT-17, or PT-19 trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for continued flight training. The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate landing flaps and a two-position Hamilton Standard controllable-pitch propeller (or, more commonly, a constant-speed propeller [1] ).

The BT-13A dispensed with the landing gear fairings. Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same Pratt & Whitney engine, some were equipped with Wright powerplants of similar size and power built in 1941–42. The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated BT-15. [1] The BT-15B had a 24-volt electrical system. [2]

The Navy adopted the P&W powered aircraft as their main basic trainer, designating it the SNV. The BT-13 production run outnumbered all other Basic Trainer (BT) types produced. [4] [5]

Vultee BT-13 on runway at Minter Field, California, 1 March 1943 Vultee BT-13A on runway at Minter Field (00910460 147).jpg
Vultee BT-13 on runway at Minter Field, California, 1 March 1943

According to Thompson, "Because of Vultee's outstanding production achievement, as well as the service's accelerated traiing programs, the huge pilot requirements were met by mid-1943 and the last Valiants were built in mid-1944. Except for resonances in various flight modes that earned it the nickname 'Vibrator,' the Valiant's simplicity and effectiveness caused it to be taken for granted, and practically forgotten after all of them were sold at war's end." [2]

The BT-13 was not without its faults. Some had been built with plywood tailcones and empennages, which did not always remain firmly aligned with the aircraft. [1]

Thompson states, "Most of the 5137 Valiants sold in the United States by the War Assets Administration, Reconstruction Finance Corporation and other agencies went for $450, a mere $1/hp, to cropdusters who wanted only the R-985 and R-975 engines." [2]

Variants

BT-15 Vultee BT-15.jpg
BT-15
SNV-2 Vultee SNV-2.jpg
SNV-2
BC-3
Vultee Model V.51 with retractable landing gear and a 600hp P&W R-1340-45, one built, not developed.
BT-13
Vultee Model V.54 with fixed undercarriage and a 450hp P&W R-985-25 engine, 300 built.
BT-13A
As BT-13 but fitted with a 450hp R-985-AN-1 engine and minor changes, 6407 built, survivors re-designated T-13A in 1948.
BT-13B
As BT-13A but with a 24-volt electrical system, 1125 built.
BT-15
As BT-13A with a 450hp Wright R-975-11 engine, 1693 built.
XBT-16
One BT-13A was re-built in 1942 by Vidal with an all-plastic fuselage as the XBT-16.
SNV-1
BT-13As for the United States Navy, 1350 transferred from United States Army Air Corps.
SNV-2
BT-13Bs for the United States Navy, 650 transferred from United States Army Air Corps.
T-13A
Surviving BT-13As were re-designated in 1948, due to dual allocation of T-13 with the PT-13 in practice they were still known as the BT-13 to avoid confusion.

Operators

Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  China [7]
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador
Flag of Egypt (1922-1958).svg  Egypt
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico [6]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay [6]
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines [7]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela

Surviving aircraft

Australia

Brazil
Canada
Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force BT-13A Valiant at the Dirgantara Mandala Museum Vultee-BT-13A-Valiant-B-633.jpg
Indonesian Air Force BT-13A Valiant at the Dirgantara Mandala Museum
Netherlands
42-43210 (N313BT) at Duxford Aerodrome in England Vultee BT-13A Valiant '42-43210 350' (N313BT) (50595056117).jpg
42-43210 (N313BT) at Duxford Aerodrome in England
United States
Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant at the Air Zoo Air Zoo December 2019 075 (Vultee BT-13A-SNV-1 Valiant).jpg
Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant at the Air Zoo
Vultee SNV-2 Valiant at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum Cavanaugh Flight Museum December 2019 09 (Vultee SNV-2 Valiant).jpg
Vultee SNV-2 Valiant at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
Aichi D3A replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu. Aichi D3A Replica Airshow.jpg
Aichi D3A replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu.

The 1942 Army training film Winning Your Wings opens with actor Jimmy Stewart landing a BT-13.

BTs were used by Twentieth Century Fox in the 1970 motion picture "Tora! Tora! Tora!", converted to look like Aichi D3A Vals. After filming, the studio sold or donated the altered aircraft. [2] :99 [90] [91]

Specifications (BT-13A)

3-view line drawing of the Vultee Valiant Vultee Valiant 3-view L'Aerophile May 1940.jpg
3-view line drawing of the Vultee Valiant

Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909 [92]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development:

Comparable aircraft:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar</span> American passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era

The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is a passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era, developed as part of the Model 10 Electra family; developed from the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing-Stearman Model 75</span> American biplane military training aircraft in use 1934 through WWII

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is an American biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman, or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy, and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years, they became popular as crop dusters and sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing</span> American single engine cabin biplane

The Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing is an American biplane with an atypical negative wing stagger. It first flew in 1932.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stinson L-13</span> Type of aircraft

The Stinson L-13 was a US military utility aircraft first flown in 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piasecki H-21</span> American military transport helicopter family

The Piasecki H-21 Workhorse/Shawnee is an American helicopter, the fourth of a line of tandem rotor helicopters designed and built by Piasecki Helicopter. Commonly called "the flying banana", it was a multi-mission helicopter, capable of being fitted with wheels, skis or floats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairchild 24</span> Family of general aviation and liaison aircraft

The Fairchild Model 24, also called the Fairchild Model 24 Argus and UC-61 Forwarder, is a four-seat, single-engine monoplane light transport aircraft designed by the Fairchild Aviation Corporation in the 1930s. It was adopted by the United States Army Air Corps as UC-61 and also by the Royal Air Force. The Model 24 was itself a development of previous Fairchild models and became a successful civil and military utility aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lone Star Flight Museum</span> Aviation museum in Houston, Texas

The Lone Star Flight Museum, located in Houston, Texas, is an aerospace museum that displays more than 24 historically significant aircraft, and many artifacts related to the history of flight. Located at Ellington Airport, the museum is housed on about 100,000 ft2 of property, including its own airport ramp. The museum, formerly located in Galveston, moved to Houston to avoid a repeat of the devastation suffered during Hurricane Ike.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan PT-22 Recruit</span> US military trainer aircraft

The Ryan PT-22 Recruit, the main military version of the Ryan ST, is a military trainer aircraft that was used by the United States Army Air Corps during WWII for primary pilot training.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeronca L-3</span> WWII liaison aircraft

The Aeronca L-3 group of observation and liaison aircraft were used by the United States Army Air Corps in World War II. The L-3 series were adapted from Aeronca's pre-war Tandem Trainer and Chief models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Percival Pembroke</span> Type of aircraft

The Percival Pembroke is a British high-wing twin-engined light transport aircraft built by the Percival Aircraft Company, later Hunting Percival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laister-Kauffman TG-4</span> Type of aircraft

The Laister-Kauffmann TG-4 was a sailplane produced in the United States during the Second World War for training cargo glider pilots. It was a conventional sailplane design with a fuselage of steel tube construction and wooden wings and tail, covered all over with fabric. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem under a long canopy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bell H-13 Sioux</span> Single-engine single-rotor light military helicopter

The Bell H-13 Sioux is an American single-engine light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter and manufactured by Westland Aircraft under license for the British military as the Sioux AH.1 and HT.2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum</span> Aviation museum in Lower Township, New Jersey

The Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum is an aviation museum located at the Cape May Airport in Lower Township, in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chico Air Museum</span>

The Chico Air Museum is a nonprofit aviation museum located at the Chico Municipal Airport in Chico, California. Its mission statement is to "collect, preserve, document and display aircraft, and aviation and space artifacts. The museum’s primary purpose is to educate and inspire people of all ages about aviation and the history of flight".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War Eagles Air Museum</span> Aviation museum in Santa Teresa, New Mexico

War Eagles Air Museum is an aerospace and automotive museum with several exhibits. It is located at Doña Ana County International Jetport in Santa Teresa, New Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National WASP WWII Museum</span> Aviation museum in Sweetwater, Texas

The National WASP World War II Museum is an aviation museum located at the Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas focused on Women Airforce Service Pilots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wings of Honor Museum</span> Aviation museum in Walnut Ridge, Arkansas

The Wings of Honor Museum is an aviation museum located at the Walnut Ridge Regional Airport in Walnut Ridge, Arkansas.

The Moffett Field Museum is an aviation museum located at the Moffett Federal Airfield near Mountain View, California focused on the history of the airport.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Davisson, Budd: "Vultee's BT-13 Pilot Maker: Good vibrations from the Vultee Vibrator" (aircraft review and pilot report), August 1972, Air Progress, retrieved January 11, 2023 from Airbum.com]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thompson, Jonathan. Vultee Aircraft 1932-1947. Santa Ana: Narkiewicz//Thompson. pp. 66–99. ISBN   0913322024.
  3. Wegg 1990, p. 158.
  4. Herman, Arthur (2012), Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, New York, NY: Random House, pp. 203, 262–3, ISBN   978-1-4000-6964-4
  5. Borth, Christy (1945), Masters of Mass Production, Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co., pp. 251–252
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Wegg 1990, p. 139.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Wegg 1990, p. 160.
  8. Wegg 1990, pp. 159–160.
  9. "Aircraft Register [VH-JKV]". Australian Government Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  10. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23063 USAAF, c/n 7710, c/r VH-JKV". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  11. "VULTEE BT-15 – VALIANT | CONSOLIDATED VULTEE AIRCRAFT". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  12. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 1072 FABr, c/n 74A-3240, c/r PP-GRH". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  13. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-1216 USAAF, c/r N56665". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  14. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89379 USAAF, c/r N79VV". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  15. "FAA REGISTRY [N79VV]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  16. "Vultee BT-13 Valiant - Indonesia - Air Force — Aviation Photo #1305779". airliners.net. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  17. "Lanud Suryadarma, Kalijati, Subang". gspradio.com (in Indonesian). February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  18. "Gembira Loka Zoo". gembiralokazoo.com. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  19. "TSTJ SOLO : Pesawat Latih Diharapkan Pikat Pengunjung Taman Jurug". solopos.com (in Indonesian). 16 January 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  20. "Tak Terurus, Pesawat di Gedung Juang 45 Subang Akan Ditarik". pasundanekspres.co (in Indonesian). 26 October 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  21. "Air International 1985-12". aviadejavu.ru. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  22. "Monumen Pesawat (World War II Plane Statue)". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  23. "Water Boom Bonbin Semarang". seputarsemarang.com (in Indonesian). 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  24. "Kebun Binatang — Taman Margasatwa Bonbin Semarang". seputarsemarang.com (in Indonesian). 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  25. "Vultee BT-13A Valiant B-633 Indonesian Air Force". aviationmuseum.eu. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  26. "Vultee BT-13 Valiant". vroegevogels.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  27. "Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant". Air Zoo. Air Zoo. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  28. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee SNV-1 Valiant, s/n 03022 USN, c/n 3183". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  29. "1941 Vultee SNV-1 (BT13-A) Vibrator". Estrella Warbirds Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  30. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, c/r N56319". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  31. "FAA REGISTRY [N56319]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  32. "Vultee Aircraft, Inc. BT-13A "Valiant" N93BT (USAAF S/N 41-10418)". Combat Air Museum. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  33. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-10571 USAAF, c/n 2888, c/r N57414". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  34. "FAA REGISTRY [N68178]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  35. "VALIANT/41-10814". Warbird Registry. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  36. "SNV VALIANT". National Naval Aviation Museum. Naval Aviation Museum Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  37. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11355 USAAF, c/n 74-2365, c/r N60828". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  38. "Vultee BT-13 Valiant". Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  39. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11538 USAAF, c/r N52411". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  40. "FAA REGISTRY [N52411]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  41. "Vultee BT-13A Valiant". Combat Air Museum. Combat Air Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  42. "Welcome to the Houston Wing". Houston Wing Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  43. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21218 USAAF, c/n 5057, c/r N59842". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  44. "BT-13 Valiant". March Field Air Museum. March Field Air Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  45. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 41-21487 USAAF". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  46. "Indoor Exhibits – Basic Trainers". Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center. Travis Heritage Center. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  47. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21933 USAAF, c/n 5772". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  48. "Vultee BT-13A Valiant". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  49. "EXHIBITS". South Dakota Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  50. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22386 USAAF, c/n 6464". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  51. Rambow, Bill. "Consolidated Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 "Valiant"". Mid-Atlantic Air Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  52. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22441 USAAF, c/r N60277". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  53. "FAA REGISTRY [N60277]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  54. "Chico Air Museum Photo Gallery". Chico Air Museum. Chico Air Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  55. Urseny, Laura (2 February 2016). "BT-13 trainer brings WWII era back to Chico airport". Chico Enterprise-Record. Chico Enterprise-Record. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  56. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23075 USAAF, c/r N59961". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  57. "FAA REGISTRY [N59961]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  58. Fischer, William (3 October 2008). "BT-13A Valiant". HMdb.org. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  59. "LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC" (PDF). National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  60. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 42-41303 USAAF". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  61. "VALIANT". Pima Air & Space Museum. Pimaair.org. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  62. "Restored BT-13 Donated to The National WASP Museum". Warbirds News. Warbirds News. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  63. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88675 USAAF, c/n 10514, c/r N60795". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  64. "FAA REGISTRY [N60795]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  65. "Airplanes". Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum. NASW Aviation Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  66. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13 Valiant, s/n 42-88708 USAAF, c/n 10547, c/r N40018". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  67. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88855 USAAF, c/n 10990, c/r N9743N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  68. "FAA REGISTRY [N9743N]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  69. "Vultee V-79 Valiant (BT-13B)". Yanks Air Museum. Yanks Air Museum. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  70. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-89607 USAAF, c/n 79-0326, c/r N4425V". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  71. "FAA REGISTRY [N4425V]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  72. "Aircraft on Display". Castle Air Museum. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  73. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89678 USAAF, c/r N63952". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  74. "BT-13B "Valiant"". Museum of Aviation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  75. "BT-13 VALIANT". Commemorative Air Force Alaska Wing. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  76. "Airframe Dossier - Vultee SNV-2 Valiant, s/n 42-90026 USAAF, c/n 79-0999, c/r N63282". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  77. "FAA REGISTRY [N63282]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  78. "BT-13 Valiant". War Eagles Air Museum. War Eagles Air Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  79. "Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-90296 USAAF, c/n 79-1293, c/r N63697". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  80. "FAA REGISTRY [N63697]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  81. "FAA REGISTRY [N60794]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  82. Headquarters United States Air Force Historical Research Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6678
  83. "Vultee BT-13B Valiant". National Museum of the US Air Force. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  84. "Flying & Static Aircraft". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  85. "FAA REGISTRY [N54822]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  86. Sparkes, Graham F. (18 September 2014). "Vultee Valiant, N57655 / 7832, Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum". ABPic. AIR-BRITAIN. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  87. "BT-13 Valiant". Fort Worth Aviation Museum. Fort Worth Aviation Museum. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  88. "BT-13 wreck at the Planes of Fame Museum AZ". Wreckchasing.com. 25 September 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  89. "Restoration project: BT-13". Fargo Air Museum. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  90. "Vultee BT-15 (Movie Conversion Aichi D3Y 'Val')". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  91. "TORA! TORA! TORA! TURNS FIFTY" . Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  92. Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 461

Bibliography

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Vultee BT-13 Valiant at Wikimedia Commons