AMY2A

AMY2A
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1B2Y, 1BSI, 1CPU, 1HNY, 1KB3, 1KBB, 1KBK, 1KGU, 1KGW, 1KGX, 1U2Y, 1U30, 1U33, 1XCW, 1XCX, 1XD0, 1XD1, 1XGZ, 1XH0, 1XH1, 1XH2, 2CPU, 2QMK, 2QV4, 3BAI, 3BAJ, 3BAK, 3BAW, 3BAX, 3BAY, 3CPU, 3IJ7, 3IJ8, 3IJ9, 3OLD, 3OLE, 3OLG, 3OLI, 4GQQ, 4GQR, 4W93, 4X9Y, 5EMY Contents References ; External links ; See also ; Further reading ;
Identifiers
Aliases	AMY2A , AMY2, AMY2B, PA, amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic), amylase alpha 2A (pancreatic), amylase alpha 2A
External IDs	OMIM: 104650 MGI: 88019 HomoloGene: 20179 GeneCards: AMY2A
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	103,625,780 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	113,400,348 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of pancreas; ; islet of Langerhans; ; duodenum; ; nucleus accumbens; ; fundus; ; putamen; ; caudate nucleus; ; right lobe of liver; ; hippocampus proper; ; right coronary artery;
	Top expressed in
	parotid gland; ; lacrimal gland; ; submandibular gland; ; intercostal muscle; ; left lobe of liver; ; white adipose tissue; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; ; brown adipose tissue;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	chloride ion binding ; calcium ion binding ; catalytic activity ; alpha-amylase activity ; hydrolase activity ; metal ion binding ; hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds ; cation binding ;
Cellular component	extracellular region ; extracellular exosome ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	carbohydrate catabolic process ; polysaccharide digestion ; metabolism ; carbohydrate metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	279
	11722
	ENSG00000243480
	ENSMUSG00000074264
	P04746
	P00687
	NM_000699
	NM_001110505 ; NM_007446
	NP_000690
	NP_001103975 ; NP_031472
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated January 25, 2024

Pancreatic alpha-amylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2A gene.^[5]^[6]

Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the pancreas.^[6]

Related Research Articles

An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Trypsin-1, also known as cationic trypsinogen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS1 gene. Trypsin-1 is the main isoform of trypsinogen secreted by pancreas, the others are trypsin-2, and trypsin-3 (meso-trypsinogen).

Alpha-amylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY1A gene. This gene is found in many organisms.

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITIH2 gene.

Alpha-amylase 2B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY2B gene.

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha formerly known as HIP/PAP and peptide 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG3A gene.

Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GP2 gene.

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the P4HA1 gene.

40S ribosomal protein S5 is a ribosomal subunit of the Eukaryotic ribosome (80S) complex. In humans it is encoded by the RPS5 gene.

Protein SEC13 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEC13 gene.

TFIIA-alpha and beta-like factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2A1L gene.

60S ribosomal protein L19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL19 gene.

Heat shock factor protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSF4 gene.

Poly(rC)-binding protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCBP4 gene.

Periodic tryptophan protein 1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PWP1 gene.

45 kDa calcium-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDF4 gene.

Neurensin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRSN1 gene.

RPA-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPAIN gene.

Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA3A gene.

Dystrobrevin beta is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DTNB gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000243480 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000074264 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Groot PC, Bleeker MJ, Pronk JC, Arwert F, Mager WH, Planta RJ, Eriksson AW, Frants RR (Jul 1988). "Human pancreatic amylase is encoded by two different genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (10): 4724. doi:10.1093/nar/16.10.4724. PMC 336663 . PMID 3260028.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY2A amylase, alpha 2A; pancreatic".

External links

Human AMY2A genome location and AMY2A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Kaczmarek MJ, Rosenmund H (1977). "The action of human pancreatic and salivary isoamylases on starch and glycogen". Clin. Chim. Acta. 79 (1): 69–73. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(77)90462-4. PMID 890964.
Jacob M, Lainé J, LeBel D (1993). "Specific interactions of pancreatic amylase at acidic pH. Amylase and the major protein of the zymogen granule membrane (GP-2) bind to immobilized or polymerized amylase". Biochem. Cell Biol. 70 (10–11): 1105–14. doi:10.1139/o92-156. PMID 1284286.
Groot PC, Mager WH, Henriquez NV, et al. (1991). "Evolution of the human alpha-amylase multigene family through unequal, homologous, and inter- and intrachromosomal crossovers". Genomics. 8 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90230-R. PMID 2081604.
Nishide T, Nakamura Y, Emi M, et al. (1986). "Primary structure of human salivary alpha-amylase gene". Gene. 41 (2–3): 299–304. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90110-1. PMID 2423416.
Horii A, Emi M, Tomita N, et al. (1988). "Primary structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase gene: its comparison with human salivary alpha-amylase gene" (PDF). Gene. 60 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90213-7. hdl: 11094/36665 . PMID 2450054. S2CID 85098215.
Gumucio DL, Wiebauer K, Caldwell RM, et al. (1988). "Concerted evolution of human amylase genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (3): 1197–205. doi:10.1128/mcb.8.3.1197. PMC 363264 . PMID 2452973.
Samuelson LC, Wiebauer K, Gumucio DL, Meisler MH (1988). "Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (17): 8261–76. doi:10.1093/nar/16.17.8261. PMC 338557 . PMID 2458567.
Groot PC, Bleeker MJ, Pronk JC, et al. (1989). "The human alpha-amylase multigene family consists of haplotypes with variable numbers of genes". Genomics. 5 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90083-9. PMID 2788608.
Wise RJ, Karn RC, Larsen SH, et al. (1986). "A complementary DNA sequence that predicts a human pancreatic amylase primary structure consistent with the electrophoretic mobility of the common isozyme, Amy2 A". Mol. Biol. Med. 2 (5): 307–22. PMID 6336237.
Tricoli JV, Shows TB (1984). "Regional assignment of human amylase (AMY) to p22----p21 of chromosome 1". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10 (2): 205–10. doi:10.1007/BF01534909. PMID 6608795. S2CID 21230969.
Nishide T, Emi M, Nakamura Y, Matsubara K (1984). "Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases [corrected]". Gene. 28 (2): 263–70. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(84)90265-8. PMID 6610603.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Qian M, Haser R, Buisson G, et al. (1994). "The active center of a mammalian alpha-amylase. Structure of the complex of a pancreatic alpha-amylase with a carbohydrate inhibitor refined to 2.2-A resolution". Biochemistry. 33 (20): 6284–94. doi:10.1021/bi00186a031. PMID 8193143.
Brayer GD, Luo Y, Withers SG (1996). "The structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase at 1.8 A resolution and comparisons with related enzymes". Protein Sci. 4 (9): 1730–42. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040908. PMC 2143216 . PMID 8528071.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Rydberg EH, Sidhu G, Vo HC, et al. (1999). "Cloning, mutagenesis, and structural analysis of human pancreatic alpha-amylase expressed in Pichia pastoris". Protein Sci. 8 (3): 635–43. doi:10.1110/ps.8.3.635. PMC 2144294 . PMID 10091666.
Brayer GD, Sidhu G, Maurus R, et al. (2000). "Subsite mapping of the human pancreatic alpha-amylase active site through structural, kinetic, and mutagenesis techniques". Biochemistry. 39 (16): 4778–91. doi:10.1021/bi9921182. PMID 10769135.
Aughsteen AA (2001). "A comparative immunohistochemical study on amylase localization in the rat and human exocrine pancreas". Saudi Medical Journal. 22 (5): 410–5. PMID 11376382.
Numao S, Maurus R, Sidhu G, et al. (2002). "Probing the role of the chloride ion in the mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase". Biochemistry. 41 (1): 215–25. doi:10.1021/bi0115636. PMID 11772019.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000243480 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000074264 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid3260028-5] Groot PC, Bleeker MJ, Pronk JC, Arwert F, Mager WH, Planta RJ, Eriksson AW, Frants RR (Jul 1988). "Human pancreatic amylase is encoded by two different genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (10): 4724. doi:10.1093/nar/16.10.4724. PMC 336663 . PMID 3260028.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY2A amylase, alpha 2A; pancreatic".

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AMY2A

Contents

Related Research Articles

References

External links

See also

Further reading