ARHGAP26

Last updated
ARHGAP26
Protein ARHGAP26 PDB 1f7c.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases ARHGAP26 , GRAF, GRAF1, OPHN1L, OPHN1L1, Rho GTPase activating protein 26
External IDs OMIM: 605370 MGI: 1918552 HomoloGene: 36349 GeneCards: ARHGAP26
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

23092

71302

Ensembl

ENSG00000145819

ENSMUSG00000036452

UniProt

Q9UNA1

Q6ZQ82

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001135608
NM_015071
NM_001349547

NM_175164
NM_001361073
NM_001374831

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001129080
NP_055886
NP_001336476

NP_780373
NP_001348002
NP_001361760

Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 142.77 – 143.23 Mb Chr 18: 39.13 – 39.51 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Rho GTPase activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) also known as GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase (GRAF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP26 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Function

GRAF1 is a multidomain protein that is necessary for the CLIC/GEEC endocytic pathway. [8] By virtue of an N-terminal BAR domain, GRAF1 sculpts the endocytic membranes of this pathway into 40 nm diameter tubules and vesicles that allow uptake of extracellular fluid, GPI-linked proteins and certain bacterial exotoxins into cells. The role of dynamin in the CLIC/GEEC pathway is controversial, but GRAF1 interacts strongly with this protein and acute inhibition of dynamin action abrogates CLIC/GEEC endocytosis. There are several members of the GRAF family of proteins, including GRAF2, GRAF3, and oligophrenin, all of which likely playing similar roles during clathrin-independent endocytic events. Mutations of both GRAF1 and oligophrenin are strongly implicated in causing human disease (leukaemia and mental retardation, respectively). Recently, autoantibodies to ARHGAP26 have been implicated in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. [9] [10] [11]

Interactions

ARHGAP26 has been shown to interact with PKN3. [12]

Related Research Articles

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a broad variety of tumors including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and others. PCD is a rare condition that occurs in less than 1% of cancer patients.

BCR (gene)

The breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR) also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCR gene. BCR is one of the two genes in the BCR-ABL complex, which is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Transforming protein RhoA Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the RHOA gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 and DIAPH1 are the best described. RhoA, and the other Rho GTPases, are part of a larger family of related proteins known as the Ras superfamily, a family of proteins involved in the regulation and timing of cell division. RhoA is one of the oldest Rho GTPases, with homologues present in the genomes since 1.5 billion years. As a consequence, RhoA is somehow involved in many cellular processes which emerged throughout evolution. RhoA specifically is regarded as a prominent regulatory factor in other functions such as the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, transcription, cell cycle progression and cell transformation.

PTK2B

Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTK2B gene.

MAP3K11

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K11 gene.

ARHGAP1 Protein-coding gene in humans

Rho GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP1 gene.

ARHGEF7 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF7 gene.

DLC1

Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 also known as DLC1 and StAR-related lipid transfer protein 12 (STARD12) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DLC1 gene.

Chimerin 2 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Beta-chimaerin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHN2 gene.

ARHGAP5 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP5 gene.

ARHGAP4 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rho GTPase-activating protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP4 gene. It has been shown to regulate cell motility and axonal outgrowth in vitro.

Rnd2

Rnd2 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND2.

VAV3

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAV3 gene.

ARHGAP24 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Rho GTPase-activating protein 24 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP24 gene.

ARHGAP8

Rho GTPase-activating protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP8 gene.

PKN3 (gene)

PKN3 is a protein kinase C-related molecule and thought to be an effector mediating malignant cell growth downstream of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). It is thought that chronic activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PTEN signal transduction pathway contributes to metastatic cell growth and that PKN3 may mediate that growth.1

ARHGAP9

Rho GTPase-activating protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP9 gene.

ARHGAP31 Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The Rho GTPase activating protein 31 is encoded in humans by the ARHGAP31 gene. It is a Cdc42/Rac1 GTPase regulator.

ROCK2

Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ROCK2 gene. Fasudil is an inhibitor of ROCK protein.

Rho gtpase activating protein 21

Rho GTPase activating protein 21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP21 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145819 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036452 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ "Entrez Gene: ARHGAP26 Rho GTPase activating protein 26".
  6. ↑ Hildebrand JD, Taylor JM, Parsons JT (June 1996). "An SH3 domain-containing GTPase-activating protein for Rho and Cdc42 associates with focal adhesion kinase". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (6): 3169–78. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.6.3169. PMC   231310 . PMID   8649427.
  7. ↑ Taylor JM, Macklem MM, Parsons JT (January 1999). "Cytoskeletal changes induced by GRAF, the GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase, are mediated by Rho". J. Cell Sci. 112 (2): 231–42. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.2.231. PMID   9858476.
  8. ↑ Lundmark R, Doherty GJ, Howes MT, Cortese K, Vallis Y, Parton RG, McMahon HT (November 2008). "The GTPase-activating protein GRAF1 regulates the CLIC/GEEC endocytic pathway". Curr. Biol. 18 (22): 1802–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.044. PMC   2726289 . PMID   19036340.
  9. ↑ Jarius S, Wandinger KP, Horn S, Heuer H, Wildemann B (2010). "A new Purkinje cell antibody (anti-Ca) associated with subacute cerebellar ataxia: immunological characterization". J Neuroinflammation. 7 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-7-21. PMC   2848133 . PMID   20226058.
  10. ↑ Jarius S, Martínez-García P, Hernandez AL, Brase JC, Borowski K, Regula JU, Meinck HM, Stöcker W, Wildemann B, Wandinger KP (Jan 2013). "Two new cases of anti-Ca (anti-ARHGAP26/GRAF) autoantibody-associated cerebellar ataxia". J Neuroinflammation. 10 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-7. PMC   3549891 . PMID   23320754.
  11. ↑ Doss S, Nümann A, Ziegler A, Siebert E, Borowski K, Stöcker W, Prüss H, Wildemann B, Endres M, Jarius S (15 Feb 2014). "Anti-Ca/anti-ARHGAP26 antibodies associated with cerebellar atrophy and cognitive decline". J. Neuroimmunol. 267 (1–2): 102–4. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.010. PMID   24439423. S2CID   41945608.
  12. ↑ Shibata H, Oishi K, Yamagiwa A, Matsumoto M, Mukai H, Ono Y (2001). "PKNbeta interacts with the SH3 domains of Graf and a novel Graf related protein, Graf2, which are GTPase activating proteins for Rho family". J. Biochem. 130 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002958. PMID   11432776.

Further reading


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