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The Dutch West India Company or WICDutch pronunciation:[ʋɛstˈɪndisəkɔmpɑˈɲi] was a chartered company of Dutch merchants as well as foreign investors, formally known as GWC. Among its founders were Reynier Pauw, Willem Usselincx (1567–1647), and Jessé de Forest (1576–1624). On 3 June 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the Dutch West Indies by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over Dutch participation in the Atlantic slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America.
The United East India Company, commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies, it was granted a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be purchased by any citizen of the United Provinces and subsequently bought and sold in open-air secondary markets. The company possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies. Also, because it traded across multiple colonies and countries from both the East and the West, the VOC is sometimes considered to have been the world's first multinational corporation.
Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck was a Dutch navigator, ambassador and colonial administrator of the Dutch East India Company.
The Eendracht was an early 17th century Dutch wooden-hulled 700 tonne East Indiaman, launched in 1615 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Its Dutch name means "concord", "unity" or "union", and was a common name given to Dutch ships of the period, from the motto of the Republic: Concordia res parvae crescunt . The ship was captained by Dirk Hartog when he made the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, in 1616.
The Vergulde Draeck, also spelled Vergulde Draak and Vergulde Draek, was a 41.8-metre (137 ft), 260-tonne (290-ton) ship constructed in 1653 by the Dutch East India Company. The ship was lost off the coast of western Australia in 1656, with a minority of its crew reaching shore, and only seven subsequently reaching civilization.
Ravesteyn, also written as Ravensteyn, Ravenstein or Ravestein, was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
The Redoubt Duijnhoop was a square demi-bastioned clay and timber Redoubt built fort constructed at the mouth of the Salt River, leading into Table Bay, South Africa in January–February 1654. It formed part of the defences of the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie 'VOC' replenishment station, which had been established under Jan van Riebeeck in 1652. The purpose of the station was to supply ships travelling between the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies.
The Fort de Goede Hoop was the first military building to be erected in what is now Cape Town. It was built in 1652, and was in use until 1674 when it was superseded by the Castle of Good Hope.
Freemasonry was introduced by the Dutch to what is today Indonesia during the VOC era in the 18th century, and spread throughout the Dutch East Indies during a wave of westernisation in the 19th century. Freemasons originally only included Europeans and Indo-Europeans, but later also indigenous people with a Western education.
François Renier Duminy was a French mariner, navigator, cartographer and South African pioneer.
Freemasonry was brought to South Africa by members of the Grand Orient of the Netherlands in 1772. Today there are lodges chartered under the United Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the Grand Lodge of South Africa, as well as Le Droit Humain
Abraham Chiron was a German-born book-keeper and banker who played a key role in the establishment of Freemasonry in South Africa and served as the country's first Masonic Grand Master. He also played a significant role in the early European settlement of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.
Johann Coenraad Gie was a businessman, community leader, and Grand Master of the Freemasons in Cape Colony.
Christoffel Brand (1738–1815) was a trader, a well-known host at Simon’s Town near Cape Town, welcoming ships using it as a refreshment station and a participant in establishing Freemasonry in Cape Colony.
Olof Godlieb de Wet (1739–1811) was a Dutch Cape Colony-born official in the Dutch East India Company and co-founder of the Freemasons in Cape Colony.
Hofwegen was an 18th-century Dutch fluyt. Built in 1731 in Rotterdam, the ship entered the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The ship is recorded as making several voyages the Dutch colony of Batavia in Indonesia. She made the majority of these voyages at the behest of the "Rotterdam Room", a collection of merchants from Rotterdam.
Horssen was an East Indiaman operated by the Delft chamber of the Dutch East India Company. She was launched in 1784 and made the voyage to the Far East in 1786. She then had sailed for several nearby ports in Asia, when she finally set out for the successful return voyage in 1791, carrying aboard the prisoner Mary Bryant to Cape Town. After arriving in Europe in 1792 she was put out of service.
Louis van Assenburgh, , Governor of the Cape Colony between 1708 and 1711.
Johan Cornelis d'Ableing , was secunde and acting governor at the Cape.
Sebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh was a Dutch statesman, first advocate and Commissioner General of the Dutch East India Company.
References
- ↑ "Abraham van der Weijden". collectie-delft.nl. Collectie Delft. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- 1 2 "Abraham van der Weijden". www.openarch.nl. Open archives. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- 1 2 "The Deputy Grand Masters of the Netherlands". freemasonrysd.co.za. The Grand Lodge of South Africa, Southern Division. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ↑ "Pauw (1767)". vocsite.nl. de VOC site. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ↑ "Kamers van de VOC (Dutch-Translated: Divisions of the Dutch East Indian Company)". kenniscentrum.nl. VOC kenniscentrum. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ↑ "Lexicon Freemason". artefacts.co.za. Artefacts. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- 1 2 Cooper, Alan Amos (1980). The origins and growth of freemasonry in South Africa, 1772-1876 (Thesis). hdl:11427/18082.
- ↑ Bate, Osborn Hambrook (1908). The early history of the Lodge 'De Goede Hoop', 1772-1781. ISBN 9781108032643. OCLC 919810853.[ page needed ]
- ↑ "The first Settler at the cape Hans Conrad Guy (J.C. Gie)" (PDF).[ full citation needed ]
- ↑ Moodie, D. (2011). Book: a Series of Official Papers Relative to the Condition and Treatment of the Native Tribes of South Africa, Page 107. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108032643.
- ↑ "Grand Lodge Ancient, Free and accepted Masons of the state Missouri official proceedings, one hundred thirty first annual communication". issuu.com. 1952. Retrieved 16 October 2018.[ page needed ]
- ↑ Worden, Nigel (November 2009). "Demanding satisfaction: violence, masculinity and honour in late eighteenth century Cape Town". Kronos. 35 (1): 32–47. hdl:10566/100. JSTOR 41056621.