Adnan Ibrahim | |
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 Ibrahim in his private library | |
| Born | |
| Nationality | Palestinian, Austrian |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| School | Sunni |
Main interests | Philosophy Ethics Science Islam Atheism |
| Website | www |
Adnan Ibrahim is a Palestinian Islamic scholar who holds a master's and a PhD in Arabic studies from the University of Vienna. [1]
Adnan Ibrahim was born and brought up in a refugee camp in Gaza/Palestine. He later moved to Yugoslavia and studied medicine in Sarajevo. [2] In the 1990s he moved to Vienna because of the Bosnian War, [3] where he became Imam of the Shura mosque in Leopoldstadt in 2002. [4] [5] He holds Austrian citizenship. [6]
His preaching in Arabic reaches a wide audience through digital media. [7]
According to Raphael Israeli, "After the London bombings in 2005, he issued a fatwa saying Muslims who hear of plans for a terrorist attack must report them to the police immediately." [8] He has preached and lectured against female genital mutilation. [9]
Ibrahim is one of the most controversial Muslim scholars. Conservative Muslims, especially Wahhabies, consider him as misguided and as having incorrect views about Islam and accuse him of spreading "sedition" in the Muslim community. [10] Some even went as far as calling him "Kaffir" and "Rafidi" (although he's publicly Sunni). [11] He also has been accused of trying to change Islam to fit the Western agenda. These controversies are mostly due to his following an Islamic modernism approach and rejection to some points in Islam regarding women's rights and what he considers as "violence."
In 2007 Austrian media described him as a controversial figure: liberal in theology and opposing terrorism in Europe, his preaching on Middle Eastern politics has praised anti-Israeli militants and led to accusations of supporting Hamas against Israel. [12] Called an "enlightened and reforming imam by one commentator, particularly with regard to women's issues," in 2014 he again reportedly preached in support of Hamas, although the accuracy of the translation was called into question. [13]
During a speech at the Strasbourg Islamic center, a video of which was posted on the internet in January 2011 (as translated by MEMRI), Ibrahim claimed that Nicolaus Copernicus had actually stolen ideas from the Arab Islamic astronomer Abu Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Shatir. He is not the only scholar to suggest this. [14] He also claimed that other western scientists, including Galileo Galilei, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Leonardo da Vinci were actually "thieves...who robbed the Islamic heritage, which was kept in the darkness of church crypts for over 200 years." Ibrahim claimed these comments were made by "a Polish prime minister" when, on a visit to Syria, supposedly admitted all of this to then president Hafez al-Assad that all of these scientists had stolen knowledge from Islamic scholars. Ibrahim also claimed that Muslim scientist Baha Al-Amili had developed a formula for "perpetual energy" and created lighting in a mosque in the city of Isfahan that burned indefinitely without any energy source. [15] [ better source needed ]
Heliocentrism is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton. In the 5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a "mystical" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period.
Ibrahim al-Makadmeh was a Palestinian and Hamas senior leader in the Gaza Strip who was killed by Israeli forces. Makadmeh, one of Hamas' founders and a leader of the group's military wing, was accused of engineering several attacks that killed 28 Israelis.
ʿAbu al-Ḥasan Alāʾ al‐Dīn bin Alī bin Ibrāhīm bin Muhammad bin al-Matam al-Ansari known as Ibn al-Shatir or Ibn ash-Shatir was an Arab astronomer, mathematician and engineer. He worked as muwaqqit in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and constructed a sundial for its minaret in 1371/72.
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.
Abdul Rahman ibn Abdul Aziz al-Sudais, better known as al-Sudais, is the Chief Imam of the Grand Mosque, Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, Saudi Arabia; the President of the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques; a renowned Qāriʾ ; he was the Dubai International Holy Qur'an Award's "Islamic Personality Of the Year" in 2005.
Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age, and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and later in the Far East and India. It closely parallels the genesis of other Islamic sciences in its assimilation of foreign material and the amalgamation of the disparate elements of that material to create a science with Islamic characteristics. These included Greek, Sassanid, and Indian works in particular, which were translated and built upon.
Atef Ibrahim Mohammad Adwan, also spelled Odwan, Udwan or Edwan, is the Minister of Refugees in the Palestinian Authority, having been named to this position following the Hamas victory in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, when he was elected from the Northern Gaza District.
Copernican heliocentrism is the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. This model positioned the Sun at the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths, modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model displaced the geocentric model of Ptolemy that had prevailed for centuries, which had placed Earth at the center of the Universe.
Islamic holy books are certain religious scriptures that are viewed by Muslims as having valid divine significance, in that they were authored by God (Allah) through a variety of prophets and messengers, including those who predate the Quran. Among the group of religious texts considered to be valid revelations, the three that are mentioned by name in the Quran are the Tawrat, received by prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel; the Zabur (Psalms), received by David; and the Gospel, received by Jesus. Additionally, the Quran mentions God's revealing of the Scrolls of Abraham and the Scrolls of Moses.
Shaikh Rashid Bin Ibrahim Al Muraikhi is a prominent Sufi Sunni Islamic scholar and teacher in Bahrain. He used to be the khateeb of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali Mosque in Muharraq until 1988. He has been praised for his role in bridging the Sunni-Shia sectarian divide in Bahrain and has warm relations with Shia scholars in Bahrain. As a leader of the Sufi tradition in Bahrain, he has been a target of criticism by puritanical Salafist activists for participating and endorsing Sufi ceremony such as Al-Maulid Al-Nabawi in which he recites poems about the event.
Shaykh Adnan Mohammed al-Aroor is a Salafi scholar from Hama, Syria.
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi, also known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi or simply as (al-)Tusi, was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a well published author, writing on subjects of math, engineering, prose, and mysticism. Additionally, al-Tusi made several scientific advancements. In astronomy, al-Tusi created very accurate tables of planetary motion, an updated planetary model, and critiques of Ptolemaic astronomy. He also made strides in logic, mathematics but especially trigonometry, biology, and chemistry. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi left behind a great legacy as well. Tusi is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of medieval Islam, since he is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right. The Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) considered Tusi to be the greatest of the later Persian scholars. There is also reason to believe that he may have influenced Copernican heliocentrism.
Adnan Abdullah al-Qattan is the official imam and preacher of Al Fateh Grand Mosque in Bahrain and the head of the Bahraini delegation for the Hajj, taking care of the pilgrims and answering their needs.
Abdurresid Ibrahim was a Russia-born Tatar Muslim Alim, journalist, and traveller who initiated a movement in the first decade of the 20th century to unite the Crimean Tatars. He visited Japan in Meiji period and became the first imam of Tokyo Camii.
Ibrahim Abu Mohamed is an Egyptian-born and educated Sunni Islamic scholar and Grand Mufti of Australia from September 2011 to March 2018. He became Grand Mufti again after Afifi's death.
Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (1816-1886) was the Grand Mufti of Mecca between 1871 and his death. He also held the position of Shaykh al-Islam in the Hejaz and Imam al-Haramayn. Theologically and juridically, he followed the Shafi'i school of thought.
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-Shīrāzī was a prominent Persian jurisconsult, legal theoretician, theologian, debater and researcher. He was the foremost leading scholar of the Iraqi branch of the Shafiʿi school of law. He became the second teacher after succeeding Ibn al-Sabbagh at the Nizamiyya school in Baghdad, which was built in his honour by the vizier (minister) of the Seljuk Empire Nizam al-Mulk.
Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad Ibrahim al-Karbasi (kalbasi) known as Sahib al-Isharat was a Shia jurist, mujtahid, fundamentalist, Quran commentator, theologian, scholar of biographical evaluation and marja', and considered the reviver of the Isfahan Seminary in the 19th century.
Adnan Saad al-Din (1929–2010) was the fourth supreme guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria between 1976 and 1981.
Sheikh Muhammad bin Ibrahim Mosque is a Friday mosque and an active place of worship in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located south of Souq al-Zal in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It was first established in 1773 as Dakhna Grand Mosque in the Dakhna quarter and later got evolved into a center of learning for Hanbali Sunni scholars. Named after Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh, it is the oldest existing mosque in Riyadh and was demolished and rebuilt on numerous occasions throughout the 20th century, with the latest renovation having taken place in the period 2001–2005 during the third phase of the Qasr Al Hukm District Development Project.
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