Aguilarite

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Aguilarite
Aguilarite - San Carlos Mine, La Luz, Guanajuato, Mexico.jpg
Aguilarite – San Carlos Mine, La Luz, Guanajuato municipality, Mexico. Specimen height is 3.9 cm.
General
Category Sulfosalt minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		Ag4SeS
IMA symbol Agu [1]
Strunz classification 2.BA.55
Dana classification2.4.1.3
Crystal system Monoclinic
Crystal class Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) [2]
Space group P21/n [2]
Unit cell a = 4.2478(2), b =6.9432(3)
c = 8.0042(5) [Å]
β = 100.103(2)°
Z = 4 [2]
Identification
ColorBright lead-gray on fresh surfaces; dull iron-black on exposure to air.
Cleavage None observed
Fracture Hackly
Tenacity Sectile
Mohs scale hardness2.5 [3] 1–1.5 [2]
Luster Metallic
Streak Gray-black
Diaphaneity Opaque
Ultraviolet fluorescence Non-fluorescent [4]
References [3]

Aguilarite is an uncommon sulfosalt mineral with formula Ag 4 Se S. It was described in 1891 and named for discoverer Ponciano Aguilar.

Contents

Description

Aguilarite is bright lead-gray on fresh surfaces but becomes dull iron black when exposed to air. [3] The mineral occurs with massive habit, as elongated pseudododecahedral crystals up to 3 cm (1.2 in), or as intergrowths with acanthite or naumannite. [5]

Discovery

In the late 19th century, Ponciano Aguilar, superintendent of the San Carlos mine in Guanajuato, Mexico, found several specimens of a mineral thought to be naumannite. [5] [6] The samples were given to F. A. Genth for identification, who, along with S. L. Penfield, discovered that it was a new mineral. The mineral was described in the American Journal of Science in 1891 and named aguilarite in honor of Ponciano Aguilar. [6] When the International Mineralogical Association was founded, aguilarite was grandfathered as a valid mineral species. [7]

Occurrence

Aguilarite is uncommon, and forms at relatively low temperatures in hydrothermal deposits rich in silver and selenium but deficient in sulfur. [5] The mineral is known from a number of countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. [3] [5] Aguilarite occurs in association with acanthite, calcite, naumannite, pearceite, proustite, silver, stephanite, and quartz. [5]

Chemistry and structure

In 2013, aguilarite's chemistry and crystal structure were reexamined by Bindi and Pingitore. [2] The significant reevaluation of aguilarite did not discredit its status as a valid mineral, but it was established as the selenium analogue of acanthite instead of sulfur-rich naumannite. [8] The sample primarily studied came from the Gem and Mineral Collection of the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University. [9]

The work of Petruk et al. in 1974 formed the basis of knowledge regarding the silver–sulfur–selenium system for about forty years. They indexed their x-ray diffraction patterns of aguilarite on an orthorhombic cell similar to naumannite. [10] Bindi and Pingitore determined that aguilarite is, in fact, monoclinic and is isostructural to acanthite and not naumannite. [2] Bindi and Pingitore believe that Petruk et al. were unable to resolve closely spaced peaks due to low resolution equipment, making aguilarite appear similar to naumannite. Additionally, a number of inconsistencies in unit cell dimensions in the 1974 work show that aguilarite does not have the same structure as naumannite. [11]

The crystal structure of aguilarite consists of planes nearly parallel to (010) composed of tetrahedrally coordinated nonmetal atoms and AgX3 triangles (where X is a nonmetal). The planes are joined by twofold-coordinated silver atoms. [12]

Aguilarite is part of the acanthite-like solid solution series Ag2S–Ag2S0.4Se0.6. The mineral comprises the range from 50 atomic percent selenium up to the transition from monoclinic to orthorhombic. [8]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Aguilarite". Mindat. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  4. ↑ "Aguilarite". Webmineral. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Aguilarite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
  6. 1 2 Genth 1891, p. 401.
  7. ↑ "The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: November 2012" (PDF). Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. International Mineralogical Association. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  8. 1 2 Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 30.
  9. ↑ Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 23.
  10. ↑ Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 22.
  11. ↑ Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 29.
  12. ↑ Bindi & Pingitore 2013, p. 26.
Bibliography

Further reading

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