Sulfosalt mineral

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Structure of proustite (Ag3AsS3), a classic sulfosalt, which can be viewed as the Ag derivative of [AsS3] . Sulfosalts characteristically feature M-S-M' linkages, where M and M' are different metals or metalloids. Proustite.jpg
Structure of proustite (Ag3AsS3), a classic sulfosalt, which can be viewed as the Ag derivative of [AsS3] . Sulfosalts characteristically feature M–S–M' linkages, where M and M' are different metals or metalloids.

Sulfosalt minerals are sulfide minerals with the general formula AmBnCp, where

Contents

The Strunz classification includes the sulfosalts in a sulfides and sulfosalts superclass. [1] A group which have similar appearing formulas are the sulfarsenides (for example cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS). In sulfarsenides the arsenic substitutes for sulfide anions whereas in the sulfosalts the arsenic substitutes for a metal cation. [2]

About 200 sulfosalt minerals are known. Examples include: [3]

Nickel–Strunz Classification -02- Sulfosalts

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).

Class: sulfosalts

Synthetic sulfosalts

Many sulfosalts can be prepared in the laboratory, including many that do not occur in nature. [4] [ which? ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfide mineral</span> Class of minerals containing sulfide or disulfide as the major anion

The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S22−) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts. Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borate mineral</span> Mineral which contains a borate anion group

The borate minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO3) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B2O5, B3O6, B2O4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. The [B(O,OH)4]− anion exists as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphate mineral</span> Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 8 (isolated tetrahedral units, mainly)

Phosphate minerals contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO43−) anion along sometimes with arsenate (AsO43−) and vanadate (VO43−) substitutions, and chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions that also fit into the crystal structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonate mineral</span> Minerals containing the carbonate ion

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO2−
3.

Arsenate minerals usually refer to the naturally occurring orthoarsenates, possessing the (AsO4)3− anion group and, more rarely, other arsenates with anions like AsO3(OH)2− (also written HAsO42−) (example: pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH).2H2O) or (very rarely) [AsO2(OH)2]− (example: andyrobertsite). Arsenite minerals are much less common. Both the Dana and the Strunz mineral classifications place the arsenates in with the phosphate minerals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxide mineral</span> Nickel–Strunz 9 ed mineral class number 4

The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. The minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.

Nickel–Strunz classification is a scheme for categorizing minerals based upon their chemical composition, introduced by German mineralogist Karl Hugo Strunz in his Mineralogische Tabellen (1941). The 4th and the 5th edition was also edited by Christel Tennyson (1966). It was followed by A.S. Povarennykh with a modified classification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halide mineral</span> Minerals with a dominant fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide anion

Halide minerals are those minerals with a dominant halide anion. Complex halide minerals may also have polyatomic anions.

Arsenite minerals are very rare oxygen-bearing arsenic minerals. Classical world localities where such minerals occur include the complex skarn manganese deposit at Långban (Sweden) and the polymetallic Tsumeb deposit (Namibia). The most often reported arsenite anion in minerals is the AsO33− anion, present for example in reinerite Zn3(AsO3)2. Unique diarsenite anions occur i. e. in leiteite Zn[As2O4] and paulmooreite Pb[As2O5]. More complex arsenites include schneiderhöhnite Fe2+Fe3+3[As5O13] and ludlockite PbFe3+4As10O22.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfate mineral</span> Class of minerals that include the sulfate ion

The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Native element mineral</span> Elements that occur in nature as minerals in uncombined form

Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure. The elemental class includes metals and intermetallic elements, metalloids, and nonmetals. The Nickel–Strunz classification system also includes the naturally occurring phosphides, silicides, nitrides, carbides, and arsenides.

Some organic compounds are valid minerals, recognized by the CNMNC (IMA).

References

  1. 1 2 "Strunz classification of sulfides and sulfosalts". Mindat.
  2. ↑ Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut (1985). Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN   0-471-80580-7.
  3. ↑ Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944). Dana’s System of Mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, pp. 348-350
  4. ↑ Sheldrick, William S.; Wachhold, Michael "Chalcogenidometalates of the heavier Group 14 and 15 elements" Coordination Chemistry Reviews 1998, vol. 176, 211-322. doi : 10.1016/S0010-8545(98)00120-9
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