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Sierra Leone,officially the Republic of Sierra Leone,is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Its land area is 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi). It has a tropical climate and environments ranging from savannas to rainforests. As of the 2023 census,Sierra Leone has a population of 8,908,040. Freetown is both its capital and its largest city. The country is divided into five administrative regions,which are further subdivided into 16 districts.
Sierra Leone first became inhabited by indigenous African peoples at least 2,500 years ago. The Limba were the first tribe known to inhabit Sierra Leone. The dense tropical rainforest partially isolated the region from other West African cultures,and it became a refuge for peoples escaping violence and jihads. Sierra Leone was named by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra,who mapped the region in 1462. The Freetown estuary provided a good natural harbour for ships to shelter and replenish drinking water,and gained more international attention as coastal and trans-Atlantic trade supplanted trans-Saharan trade.
Sir Milton Augustus Strieby Margai was a Sierra Leonean physician and politician who served as the country's head of government from 1954 until his death in 1964. He was titled chief minister from 1954 to 1960,and then prime minister from 1961 onwards. Margai studied medicine in England,and upon returning to his homeland became a prominent public health campaigner. He entered politics as the founder and inaugural leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party. Margai oversaw Sierra Leone's transition to independence,which occurred in 1961. He died in office aged 68,and was succeeded as prime minister by his brother Albert. Margai enjoyed the support of Sierra Leoneans across classes,who respected his moderate style,friendly demeanor,and political savvy.
The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) is one of the two major political parties in Sierra Leone,along with its main political rival the All People's Congress (APC). It has been the ruling party in Sierra Leone since 4 April 2018. The SLPP dominated Sierra Leone's politics from its foundation in 1951 to 1967,when it lost the 1967 parliamentary election to the APC,led by Siaka Stevens. Originally a centre-right,conservative party,it identifies since 2012 as a centre-left social democratic party,with a centrist tendency.
Siaka Probyn Stevens was the leader of Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985,serving as Prime Minister from 1967 to 1971 and as President from 1971 to 1985. Stevens' leadership was often characterized by patrimonial rule and self-indulgence,consolidating power by means of corruption and exploitation.
Moyamba District is a district in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone,with a population of 318,064 in the 2015 census. Its capital and largest city is Moyamba. The other major towns include Njala,Rotifunk and Shenge. The district is the largest in the Southern Province by geographical area,occupying a total area of 6,902 km2 (2,665 sq mi) and comprises fourteen chiefdoms.
Brigadier David Lansana was the first prominent Sierra Leonean in the Sierra Leone Military during the colonial era. After Sierra Leone gained independence,he served as Military Attachéto the United States.
The People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC) is a liberal party in Sierra Leone. It is a breakaway faction of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). It was officially registered on 19 January 2006. The party is led by Charles Margai,the son of Sierra Leone's second prime minister Sir Albert Margai and the nephew of Sir Milton Margai. The PMDC is based in the country's second largest city of Bo.
Charles Francis Kondo Margai is a Sierra Leonean politician and constitutional lawyer who served as Attorney General and Minister of Justice of Sierra Leone in 2018.
John Albert Musselman Karefa-Smart was a Sierra Leonean politician,medical doctor and university professor. He served as the first Foreign Minister under Sierra Leone's first Prime Minister,Sir Milton Margai. He was an ordained Elder of the United Methodist Church.
Moyamba is the capital and largest city of Moyamba District,in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. There has been a recorded population of 11,485 in the 2004 census. The city is ethnically diverse,although the Mende people make up the majority. The city is home to the Hatford Secondary School for Girls,which is one of the elite secondary schools in Sierra Leone. The school attract some of the most gifted students from all parts of Sierra Leone,along with students abroad. The school is an all-girls secondary school,and the students are in a boarding home in the school campus. The city has a history of producing some of Sierra Leone's most prominent politicians,including the country's first president,Siaka Stevens.
Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama OBE,GCOR was a Sierra Leonean paramount chief and politician. In 1957,she became the first elected female Member of Parliament in Sierra Leone. She was re-elected in 1962. During the government of Milton Margai,Gulama became Sierra Leone and sub-Saharan Africa's first female Cabinet Minister.
Julius Momoh Gulama was a Sierra Leonean King,statesman and educator in the pre-independence era. As King of Kaiyamba Chiefdom,he ruled the largest and most powerful Mende chiefdom in the Sierra Leone.
Bai Koblo Pathbana II, was a paramount chief and politician in Lunsar,Port Loko District,Sierra Leone. He was crowned the 43rd Paramount Chief of Marampa-Masimera Chiefdom in 1943.
Komeh Gulama Lansana was the wife of Brigadier David Lansana,Force Commander of the Sierra Leone Army until his execution in 1975.
General elections were held in Sierra Leone on 17 March 1967. They were won by the opposition All People's Congress,marking the first time that a ruling party had lost an election in sub-Saharan Africa. However,the APC was overthrown in a military coup hours after taking power. The party was later restored to office after a counter-coup the following year and established a long-standing dictatorship.
The Dominion of Sierra Leone was an independent sovereign state with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state between independence on 27 April 1961 and becoming the Republic of Sierra Leone on 19 April 1971.
The Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone was the British colonial administration in Sierra Leone from 1808 to 1961,part of the British Empire from the abolitionism era until the decolonisation era. The Crown colony,which included the area surrounding Freetown,was established in 1808. The protectorate was established in 1896 and included the interior of what is today known as Sierra Leone.
The 1967 Sierra Leonean coups d'état were two successive coups in Sierra Leone that took place from March 21 to 23,1967.
References
- ↑ National Overview – Sierra Leone [ permanent dead link ] American Chemical Society
- 1 2 3 4 Sir Albert Margai and the Shadow of Thurgood Marshall Worldpress.org
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Sir Albert Margai, Biography, SLPP Official Site". Archived from the original on 21 August 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ↑ "Sierra Leone People's Party Official Biography". Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 End of The Exception Time, 31 March 1967
- ↑ Harkness, Kristen A. (2016). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". Journal of Conflict Resolution. 60 (4): 587–616. doi:10.1177/0022002714545332. hdl: 10023/9391 . S2CID 54538341.
