University of Ottawa, Université du Québec à Montréal, Université de Sherbrooke
Notable work
Feminist theory, queer theory, gender studies, (dis)ability studies, feminist and gender studies, sociology of the body, of health and social movements, critical suicidology
Baril attended the Université de Sherbrooke, earning a BA in philosophy with a minor in theology (2000–2003) as well as a MA in philosophy (2003–2005) from the Department of Philosophy and Applied Ethics. He received the highest distinction for his thesis, titled: Judith Butler and Postmodern Feminism: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis of a Controversial School of Thought,[5] and has since published many articles on Judith Butler's political philosophy based on this work.[2] After completing his master's degree, Baril pursued a doctoral degree in philosophy (2006–2010) from the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) where he completed all program requirements other than the dissertation. He then went to the University of Ottawa to begin a second doctorate in women's studies (2010–2013) at the Institute of Feminist and Gender Studies. His dissertation, titled: Bodily Normativity Under the Knife: (Re)thinking Intersectionality and Solidarities Between Feminist, Trans, and Disability Studies Through Transsexuality and Transability[6] earned him the highest distinction and the Pierre Laberge prize, awarded to the best dissertation in the humanities.[2]
He returned to the University of Ottawa for an appointment as a replacement assistant professor at the Institute of Feminist and Gender Studies In 2015–2016. He taught several courses, including courses on queer and feminist theory in both French and English.[2]
Baril accepted the position of assistant professor at the University of Ottawa's School of Social Work In 2018.[2] He was hired to conduct research on intersectionality and diversity, including sexual, gender (trans), bodily (disability), and linguistic diversity. This appointment was a historic moment for trans people and trans studies in Canada. Baril was the first Francophone trans person in Canadian history to be employed as a professor specializing in trans studies to teach on sexual and gender diversity in French.[7][8][9][10]
Career
Baril is an activist and public speaker for the rights of trans people, people living with disabilities, and those with suicidal thoughts.[11][12][13][14] In media interviews, Baril has described the violence and discrimination experienced by trans and marginalized people.[15] He denounces the social inequalities endured by these communities and shares solutions to put an end to them.[16]
The French-language neologisms he has coined and used (cisnormativité, cisgenrenormativité, transcapacité, suicidisme, etc.) represent contributions to many fields of study, including trans, gender, and (dis)ability studies, as well as critical suicidology.[citation needed]
Awards
In December 2017, Baril was awarded the title of Personality of the Week by Radio-Canada (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) for his involvement in the media after being hired by the University of Ottawa. As is mentioned in several interviews and articles,[17] Baril is the first trans person to be hired by a Canadian university to teach gender and sexual diversity in French.[18][19][10]
In 2011, Baril received the Lana St-Cyr Award from the Aide aux transsexuels et transsexuelles du Québec (ATQ) in recognition of the major role he played in organizing the first trans protest in Quebec history on June17, 2010, in Montreal. At the time, Baril was involved in PolitiQ-queer solidaire, an activist group fighting against all forms of heterosexist and cissexist oppression and exclusion in Quebec.[20] Nearly 200 people gathered for the 2010 demonstration, which included community organizations advocating for the rights of trans people and leading public figures from legal, academic, and political sectors.[21] The protesters demanded changes be made to Quebec's existing regulations requiring those seeking gender marker changes to their civil status to undergo forced sterilization, as well as more accessible ways of changing one's name.
Research
Baril is described as one of the first trans researchers in Canada to publish work on trans issues from a transactivist perspective in the French language. His first article on trans issues, published in 2009, is titled: Transsexualité et privilèges masculins: fiction ou réalité? (Transsexuality and Male Privilege: Fact or Fiction?).[22] From a transactivist perspective, Baril has coined several more appropriate and more respectful new terms to address the forms of oppression experienced by the marginalized groups he takes an interest in.[23] His doctoral thesis includes an analytical glossary in which this trans and disability studies-related vocabulary is presented.[6] This new terminology allows for an exploration of the oppressive dynamics reproduced by/in social movements and encourages critical reflection about the flaws and limitations of intersectional analyses as they exist today.
While Canadian researchers had already been publishing on trans issues before Baril, this work was done by Anglophones. Examples of these trans researchers, working in Canadian English-language universities, include: Jin Haritaworn, Aaron Devor, Dan Irving, Trish Salah, Bobby Noble and Viviane Namaste. In the context of French-language universities, there is Line Chamberland,[24] the research chair on homophobia, and Annie Pullen Sansfaçon,[25] co-founder of Gender Creative Kids Canada (Enfants transgenres Canada) and professor at the Université de Montréal, who work on trans issues. These scholars are not self-identified as trans people.
Inspired by the concept of heteronormativity,cis (gender) normativity can be defined as "the normative dimension of the dominant cisgenderist system, which understands people who identify with the gender and sex assigned to them at birth as more normal than those people who decide to live as another gender and/or transition."[22] This dominant normative system promotes negative judgments, discrimination, and violence towards trans people while erasing their experiences and realities.[26][22] The concept of cisgendernormativity is a neologism referring to the specific normativity of cisgender and cissexual identities. It is, therefore, a reference to a cis normativity tied to one's gender.[22]
Baril is the first person to create and define the notions of cisnormativity and cisgendernormativity in French in his 2009 article, on male privilege.[22] He expands on these notions in his 2013 thesis.[6] His article and that of Bauer et al.—"I Don't Think This Is Theoretical; This Is Our Lives: How Erasure Impacts Health Care for Transgender People" (2009)—the first to define the concept of cisnormativity in English,[27] were published simultaneously.
Transféminisme (transfeminism)
Transfeminism is a "theoretical and political collaboration between feminist and trans studies"[22] that aims to fight against sexism and transphobia. This feminist stream takes the multiple, diverse experiences of women into consideration, including those of transgender men and women.[22]
The term was first used and defined in French-language academic work by Baril, who employed the approach to analyze male privilege in trans men.[22] His work was inspired by activist and scholar, Emi Koyama.[28]
Transcapacitaire (Transabled)
The term "transabled" refers to a non-disabled person's need to transform their body to acquire a disability. Moreover, these people maintain that this experience should not simply be understood as a decision or 'choice,' but rather as a need"[6] to modify various physical abilities that are not necessarily limited to amputations. This term deviates from medical and sexology models that favours the language of apotemnophilia and Body integrity dysphoria (BIID).
Baril did not coin the term transabled in English; transabled activists did. But he translated and coined the term in French. Transabled is derived from the word "able" which "refers to various abilities: physical, mental, psychological, etc. that are not assigned the positive or negative values associated with other terms such as capable/incapable, validity, etc., and denotes the presence or absence of ability."[6]
Baril coined these terms in his thesis once he became aware of the absence of work on the realities of people with disabilities in intersectional feminist analyses. His goal was to understand the development of "expository discourses (etiology and suggested treatment methods) surrounding traceability, and the effects of such discourses on the reception (positive or negative) of transabled testimonials."[6] Faced with the absence of respectful vocabulary in the French language, Baril chose to create new terminology to avoid using the existing terms, whose negative connotations can undermine the realities of these individuals.
Transitude (transness)
Transitude refers to the condition of—or the state of being—trans.[29] This neologism was inspired by the English term, "transness."
Baril coined this term in 2014 for a scientific presentation in 2015.[30] The term has been circulating online since 2014 and was taken up by cartoonist Sophie Labelle in 2015, for her webcomic Assignée garçon (titled Assigned Male in English).[29]
Suicidisme (suicidism)
Suicidism denotes "a system of oppression (founded on non-suicidal perspectives) encompassing normative, discursive, medical, legal, social, political, economic, and epistemic structures in which suicidal individuals experience multiple forms of injustice and violence."[11]
In the field of suicide studies (or suicidology), Baril is described as the first to theorize the oppression of suicidal people from an intersectional, anti-ableist, and anti-sanist perspective.[citation needed] To do so, he borrows from Robert McRuer’s crip theories (2006)[31] as well as from the field of critical disability studies on disability to "interpret suicidal thoughts and gestures"[11] and creates what he calls the "socio-subjective model of disability."[11]He maintains that suicidal individuals should be able to speak freely about their thoughts, not just for the sake of enriching approaches to suicide prevention, but also to assist, using a harm reduction approach, those suicidal individuals who are determined to die by suicide when their need to die is profound and stable.[11] This is a view that is rejected by the suicide prevention community and by the disability rights community generally, which tends to oppose physician assisted suicide.
According to Baril, suicidal individuals are left out of the intersectional analyses of social movements and those anti-oppression movements reproduce the oppression they experience through paternalistic, ableist, and sanist discourses.[11]
Rethinking consent through intimate images of trans people in the media
Baril is interested in how the media overexploits trans issues without considering the potential consequences for—or the well-being of—the communities involved.[16] He studies the objectification and sexualization of trans bodies in the media. In his work, he advocates for the development of an ethical approach to critically reflect on the possible consequences that media representations focused on the intimate lives of trans people can have.[32][33] In one of his articles, he suggests we "initiate a conversation with media professionals and encourage the development of complex ethical approaches regarding the consent of marginalized groups, including trans* people, to the public distribution of intimate images."[33]
The Université du Québec à Montréal(UQAM; English:University of Quebec in Montreal;French pronunciation:[ynivɛʁsitedykebɛkamɔ̃ʁeal]), is a French-language public research university based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest constituent element of the Université du Québec system.
Quebec nationalism or Québécois nationalism is a feeling and a political doctrine that prioritizes cultural belonging to, the defence of the interests of, and the recognition of the political legitimacy of the Québécois nation. It has been a movement and a central issue in Quebec politics since the beginning of the 19th century. Québécois nationalism has seen several political, ideological and partisan variations and incarnations over the years.
Lise Bissonnette is a Canadian writer and journalist.
The Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec was established under the Union Nationale government of Jean-Jacques Bertrand on December 9, 1968.
Ralph Zachary Richard is an American singer-songwriter and poet. His music is a combination of Cajun and Zydeco musical styles.
Phil Comeau is a Canadian film and television director, born in Saulnierville, Nova Scotia. He lives in Moncton, New Brunswick and Montreal, Quebec.
Henri Wittmann is a Canadian linguist from Quebec. He is best known for his work on Quebec French.
Magoua is a particular dialect of basilectal Quebec French spoken in the Trois-Rivières area, between Trois-Rivières and Maskinongé. Long before a military fort was constructed there, Trois-Rivières became in 1615 the first stronghold of the coureurs des bois outside the city of Québec. Magoua is the ethnonym applied to their descendants in the area. Magoua is the most conservative of all Quebec French varieties, including Joual. It preserves the sontaient ("étaient") characteristic of Métis French and Cajun French, has a creole-like past tense particle tà and has old present-tense contraction of a former verb "to be" that behave in the same manner as subject clitics.
Marie-Andrée Bertrand was a French-Canadian criminologist, a feminist and anti-prohibitionist.
France Martineau is a professor and a Canadian linguist. Martineau is an expert in Canadian French linguistics and considered a leader in historical sociolinguistics as well as a pioneer in the digital humanities. Martineau presently holds the University of Ottawa Research Chair Le français en mouvement: Frontières, réseaux et contacts en Amérique française.
Thomas De Koninck is a philosopher from Québec.
Simon Jolin-Barrette is a Canadian lawyer and politician in Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2014 Quebec election. He represents the riding of Borduas as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ).
Jeanne Lapointe was a Canadian academic and intellectual.
Janik Bastien-Charlebois is a Canadian sociologist, professor, and advocate for intersex rights. She teaches at the Université du Québec à Montréal, and her areas of study include cultural democracy, testimony, epistemology, homophobia and feminism.
Thérèse Gouin-Décarie is a Canadian developmental psychologist and educator living in Quebec. She is known for her work on intellectual and emotional development in young children.
Louise Dandurand (1950–2016) was a Canadian political scientist and administrator of university research in Canada.
Francine Descarries is a Canadian sociologist. She is a professor of sociology at the Université du Québec à Montréal. She is considered a leading figure in feminist studies in Quebec.
Céline Baril is a Canadian artist and film director.
Fernande Saint-Martin was a Canadian art critic, museologist, semiologist, visual arts theorist and writer. A graduate of the Université de Montréal and McGill University, her career began at La Presse in 1954 before being made editor-in-chief of Châtelaine magazine in 1960. Saint-Martin left the magazine in 1972 and was made director of the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal. She was a professor and researcher at Université Laval and later Université du Québec à Montréal from 1979 to 1996. Saint-Martin wrote several books and essays, contributed to various art publications and was awarded the Molson Prize in Humanities and Social Sciences from the Canada Council for her work in semiology in 1989. She was also president of the International Association for Visual Semiotics from 1990 to 1994.
Cisnormativity or cissexual assumption is the assumption that everyone is, or ought to be, cisgender. The term can further refer to a wider range of presumptions about gender assignment, such as the presumption of a gender binary, or expectations of conformity to gender roles even when transgender identities are otherwise acknowledged. Cisnormativity is a form of cisgenderism, an ideology which promotes various normative ideas about gender, to the invalidation of individuals' own gender identities, analogous to heterosexism or ableism.
↑ Baril, A. (2017). ''Interview avec Alexandre Baril'', Interview filmée dans le cadre de l’émission Les matins d’ici, Le Téléjournal Ottawa-Gatineau, Radio-Canada, 4 décembre 2017.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Baril, A. (2009). ''Transsexualité et privilèges masculins: fiction ou réalité?'', dans L. Chamberland, B. Frank et J.L. Ristock (dir.). Diversité sexuelle et constructions de genre, Québec, Presses de l’Université du Québec, p. 263-295.
↑ Mickael Enriquez (2013). ''Un mouvement trans au Québec?'' Dynamiques d’une militance émergente, Université du Québec à Montréal, Mémoire présenté en sociologie.
↑ Serano, Julia (2007). Whipping Girl. A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity, Berkeley, Seal Press, 390 pages.
↑ Bauer, Greta R. et al. (2009). "I Don't Think This Is Theoretical; This Is Our Lives: How Erasure Impacts Health Care for Transgender People", The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, vol. 20, no. 5, p. 348–361.
1 2 Baril, Alexandre (2018) ''Théories et concepts en études trans'', Atelier non mixte trans, Powerpoint, Document inédit, Université du Québec à Montréal, 6 avril.
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