Notable people
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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 2,000,000 to 7,000,000 (People of Algerian origin) [1] [2] (465,849) Algerian-born people [3] [4] [5] [6] | |
| Languages | |
| French (Maghrebi French), Arabic (Algerian Arabic), Berber (Kabyle Berber),(Chaoui Berber) | |
| Religion | |
| Majority Sunni Islam Minority Judaism, Christianity, [7] [8] Irreligion [8] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Moroccans in France Tunisians in France |
Algerians in France are people of Algerian descent or nationality living in France. People of Algerian origin account for a large sector of the total population in France. Some immigrated during colonial rule in Algeria starting in the 1920s, and large numbers chose to emigrate to France from the 1960s onwards due to political turmoil in Algeria. [9]
The 2011 Census recorded 465,849 Algerian-born people. [10]
| Year | Algerian-born population | + descendants | Foreigners | Migrants | Other data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 418,884 [11] | 475,000 [12] | |||
| 2005 | |||||
| 2006 | 691,816 [13] | ||||
| 2007 | 475,000 [12] | ||||
| 2008 | |||||
| 2009 | |||||
| 2010 | |||||
| 2011 | 465,849 [10] | [14] | |||
| 2012 | 469,595 [10] [15] [1] [2] ≈3.46% of the French Population [16] | ||||
| 2013 |
The migration of Algerians to France happened in multiple waves: from 1913–1921, from 1922–1939, and from 1940–1954. During the years of 1947–1953, specifically, France saw a large influx of Maghrebi immigrants. Legal Algerian immigrants numbered 740,000 between these years [17]
In the 1950s, the French government began encouraging Algerian migration, as a result of pressure from businesses. This pressure was partly caused by the lack of workers in post-WWII France (Germain 23). In December 1958, they instituted the Social Action Fund, which supported African immigrants by allocating 500 million Francs towards Maghrebi immigrant shelters and housing. However, the situation these immigrants in were still unpleasant as a result of their employers, who took them as indentured servants. Thus, they were paid low wages and given little government aid compared to other workers. Ultimately, many of them were deported back to Africa. However, by the late 1950s, France's intake of Algerian migrants began to outnumber those being deported, resulting in a sharp uptick in the French Algerian population. [17]
In the 1960s, Algerians continued to attempt to immigrate to France. Many of these people obtained three month work visas, reflecting their intent to work in France for a short time period before returning home. However, the French government viewed this is as a hostile move, assuming that these immigrants intended to stay in the country permanently. Thus, the government continued to regularly deport Algerians. They were required to have a French address to remain in the country, which most Algerian immigrants did have. However, officials simply didn't believe the authenticity of their identification and paperwork; thus, in the 1960s, the French government deported 5–8% of African immigrants. By 1968, there were 40,000 Africans in France. [18]
The migratory movement of Maghrebis into France is generally attributed to push factors. There was little opportunity to move freely throughout society in Algeria, so many were motivated to migrate to France for a better life. [18] The presence of a post-colonial economic opportunity gap when Algeria was freed after the Algerian War also contributed to the increase of Algerian immigrants. [17] Additionally, some Maghrebis migrated to France because they would have more political freedom to protest French suppression in Algeria than they would in their home country. [18]
From 1943–1945, approximately 200,000 Maghrebis enlisted into France's armed forces. Additionally, an additional ≈100,000 Maghrebis participated in the war effort through working in wartime industries. [17]
While Maghrebis played a significant role in France's war effort, their contribution was ignored after the war. Rather, the French government continued their oppression in Algeria, angering North Africans in France and causing the rise of African rights groups. African rights groups include the Algerian Populist Party and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties. [17]
In the 1950s, the French government used racism as a tool to delegitimize the efforts of African Nationalist groups. The government used tensions between different groups to depict Algerian immigrants as barbaric in propaganda campaigns. This was massively effective, negatively affecting public opinion on African immigrants. The 1953 survey by the National Institute of Demographic Studies showed that North Africans and Germans were ranked last in sympathy levels for immigrants. This impact is exemplified by a piece published by the L'Aurore, a French periodical, in which it was written:
"In Paris, North Africans are specialists and record makers in the nocturnal attack. The Arab is, quite precisely, the thief who waits on the corner of the road for the late passerby, whom he clubs for the sake of a watch…"
– L'Aurore, 1954 [17]
In the 1960s, this sort of racial propaganda continued with the help of public health institutes. They targeted Algerian immigrants along with other African immigrants from Mauritius, Mali and other countries. [18] A study, published in 1963, entitled "Black workers in the Parisian region" (Les travailleurs noirs dans la region parisienne), outlined reasons for why, for public health reasons, African immigrants were not beneficial for France:
"They are accustomed to wearing practically nothing in Africa where the temperature ranges from 90 to 100 degrees, and when they arrive in Paris, especially during the cold winter, they are highly prone to catching disease like tuberculosis".
This report also cited Africans' perceived diets as reason to reject them as workers. These public health officials were under the impression that Africans ate only simple foods such as rice and beans, and therefore, could not survive the heavy workload required of them in France. In reality, Africans ate a variety of healthy food and balanced meals.[ citation needed ] This report further argued that these food deficiencies meant Africans were ridden with disease. Thus, African immigrants in France were required to carry around passbooks with detailed medical information, and were often randomly stopped and checked by French officials. [18]
This type of racial bias showed a resurgence in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the French political party, the National Front. Jean-Marie Le Pen, the leader of the National Front, led with the slogan "Two million immigrants, two million unemployed". Le Pen is also quoted as saying "Yes, I believe in racial inequality… they do not all have the same capacity to evolve". During this time, books with black children featured on the covers were banned. As the 1990s progressed, the National Front's influence grew. The group took political control of the French city of Toulon, and promised to deny housing to African immigrants living in the city. [19]
According to the national survey of 2020 holden by the INSEE, 96% of the French of Algerian origin adhered to Islam; at the same time, 2% of the French of Algerian origin adhered to Christianity, of whom 1% were Catholics and 1% other Christians (without further specification). [8] 2% of the French of Algerian origin declared that they had no religion. [8] According to the same survey 98% of Algerian-born people in France adhered to Islam. [8]
Arabs form the majority of Algerians living in France.[ citation needed ]
The Berbers in France form a significant portion of the Algerian community in the country. Berbers in France are mostly Muslims with a Christian minority estimated numbers between 40,000-60,000. [7]
Following Algerian independence in 1962, most of Algeria's Jews, having been granted French citizenship in 1870, left with the pied-noirs. The vast majority moved to France, and the rest moved to Israel. Today, most Jews in France are of Maghrebi origin. [20]
There are several thousand Algerian Turks living in France, having emigrated or descended from parents who came to the country from Algeria rather than Turkey.[ citation needed ] Some Algerians with Turkish origins have contributed to the arts, sports and politics in France. For example, Nafissa Sid-Cara, who was the first female minister to serve in the French Fifth Republic as well as the first ever Muslim woman to serve as a minister in a French government, [21] was born into a family of Turkish origin which had been established in Algeria; [22] her brother Chérif Sid Cara was also a notable politician and doctor. [22] Other notable French politicians of Algerian-Turkish origin include Mourad Kaouah [23] who served as the deputy of Algiers from 1958 to 1962. [24] Notable writers include Moroccan-born Leïla Chellabi whose father was an Algerian Turk who obtained French citizenship; [25] Mustapha Haciane was born in Algeria into a Turkish family and currently resides in Paris; [26] and Leïla Sebbar is paternally of Turkish origin through her grandmother. [27] There are also several notable sportsman of Algerian-Turkish origin, including the former pole vaulter and Olympian Patrick Abada [28] as well as footballers Benjamin Stambouli and Mustapha Stambouli. Numerous sources claim that the actress Isabelle Adjani is paternally of Algerian-Turkish origin. [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]
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The demography of France is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques (INED) and the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE). As of 1 January 2021, 65,250,000 people lived in Metropolitan France, while 2,785,000 lived in overseas France, for a total of 68,035,000 inhabitants in the French Republic.
Isabelle Yasmine AdjaniLdH is a French actress and singer of Algerian and German descent.
Ahmed Ben Messali Hadj was an Algerian nationalist politician dedicated to the independence of his homeland from French colonial rule. He is often called the "father" of Algerian nationalism.
Gennevilliers is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of Île-de-France. It is located 9.1 km (5.7 mi) from the centre of Paris.
Yamina Benguigui is a French film director and politician of Algerian descent. She is known for her films on gender issues in the North African immigrant community in France. Through her films, Benguigui gave a voice to many from the Maghrebi population in France.
According to the French National Institute of Statistics INSEE, the 2021 census counted nearly 7 million immigrants in France, representing 10.3% of the total population. This is a decrease from INSEE statistics in 2018 in which there were 9 million immigrants in France, which at the time represented 14% of the country's total population.
Patrick Abada is a retired French pole vaulter and Olympian, having competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics. His best vault was one of 5.70 m, made on 26 August 1983, in Brussels. As of August 2001, that mark was the 126th best pole vault of all time. He represented France in pole vaulting 25 times between 1973 and 1985.
Turks in France also called the Turkish-French community, French Turks or Franco-Turks refers to the ethnic Turkish people who live in France. The majority of French Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however there has also been Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to France from North Africa, the Balkans, the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. There has also been migration to France from the Turkish diaspora
Maghrebis or Maghrebians is a modern Arabic term meaning "Westerners", mainly referring to the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa, the western part of the Arab world. Maghrebis are predominantly of Arab and Berber or mixed Arab-Berber origins.
Salim Halali or Salim Hilali was an Algerian singer who performed Algerian music and Arabic Andalusian classical music. He was a pop singer rather than a professional performer of traditional Arab-Andalusian music, in which he had no formal training. Many of his songs remain popular in North Africa and among Jewish and Muslim North African communities in France, where he is "an iconic figure of French-Arab cabaret music."
The Île-de-France is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 35% of people living in the region were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).. In 2020-2021, about 5 million people, or 41% of the population of Île-de-France, are either immigrants (21%) or have at least one immigrant parent (20%), these figures do not include French people born in Overseas France and their direct descendants.
The Paris metropolitan area has a large Maghrebi population, in part as a result of French colonial ties to that region. As of 2012 the majority of those of African origin living in Paris come from the Maghreb, including Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. There were 30,000 people with Algerian nationality, 21,000 persons with Moroccan nationality, and 15,000 persons with Tunisian nationality in the city of Paris in 2009. In addition, there are thousands of Maghrebi Jews who immigrated from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco during the 1960s.
Nafissa Sid-Cara or Nafissa Sidkara was a French politician. Sid-Cara was the first female minister to serve in the French Fifth Republic as well as the first ever Algerian origin and Muslim woman to serve as a minister in a French government. She was appointed Secretary of State in charge of social affairs in Algeria under Prime Minister Michel Debré in 1959–62. This was the first time a woman was appointed into a French government since 1937.
Dr. Chérif Sid-Cara or Chérif Sidkara was an Algerian medical doctor and a politician in the French Fourth Republic. He was one of the leading Muslim political figures in favour of France during the Algerian War.
Abdelhalim Bensmaia (1866-1933) was a prominent Islamic scholar. He was also a reformist, humanist and musician.
Hacène Benaboura (1898-1960) was an Algerian artist. He is considered to be one of the "forefathers of Algerian modern painting". In 1957 he was the recipient of Algeria's Grand Prize for Art.
Leïla Chellabi is a Moroccan-born French writer and digital artist who has published over 100 books. She is also a former dancer, model, radio host, and songwriter. Chellabi is also notable for being the last companion of the award-winning French novelist Romain Gary. Her father was an Algerian of Turkish origin who emigrated to Morocco after obtaining French citizenship.
Slimane Bengui was an Algerian writer and businessman. He was the director of the first French-language Algerian newspaper "El Hack". Moreover, he was also a tobacco manufacturer.
La secrétaire d'Etat musulmane Nafissa Sidkara, d'une vieille famille d'origine turque établie en Algérie, et caution involontaire, comme son frère le Docteur Sid Cara lui aussi membre du gouvernement français...
Mourad Kaoua (par la suite député d'Alger de 1958 à 1962) d'origine turque...
Mon père, né Algérien d'origine turque, a quitté l'Algérie pour le Maroc où il a fait sa vie après être devenu, par choix, français. Mais à chaque démarche on le croit d'abord marocain puis on sait qu'il est d'origine algérienne et turque, cela se complique.
HACIANE, Mustapha Né en 1935 à Rouiba dans une famille d'origine turque. A 17 ans, il écrit au lycée des poèmes engagés...Réside à Paris.
mon père et lui sont cousins germains par leurs mères, des sœurs Déramchi, vieilles familles citadines du Vieux Ténès d'origine turque
Les Jeux méditerranéens vont s'ouvrir à Alger, quand on apprend que le perchiste français Patrick Abada a émis le souhait de ... La vérité est pourtant toute simple : Abada est d'une vieille famille algéroise (d'origine turque) dont de ...
ADJANI, ISABELLE (1955-). Actress and producer. Isabelle Yasemin Adjani was born in Gennevilliers, France, the daughter of a German mother and an Algerian-Turkish father.
Adjani, Isabelle. Actress. b. June 27, 1955, Paris, to an Algerian father of Turkish ancestry and a German mother.
Adjani (Isabelle) Née à Paris le 27 juin 1955, d'un père algérien d'origine turque et d'une mère allemande, Isabelle Adjani grandit dans la banlieue nordouest de Paris, à Gennevilliers.
Isabelle Adjani (1955). Isabelle Yasmine Adjani est née le 27 juin 1955 à Paris d'une mère allemande et d'un père algérien d'origine turque.
Isabelle ADJANI BIOGRAPHIE Née Isabelle Yasmine Adjani, le 27 juin 1955, Gennevilliers, France Père algérien d'origine turque, mère allemande
 African diasporas in France  | |
|---|---|
| North Africa | |
| East Africa | |
| Central Africa | |
| West Africa | |
| Southern Africa | |
Algerian diaspora | ||
|---|---|---|
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