 | This biographical article is written like a résumé .(July 2017) |
Alinani M. Simbule | |
|---|---|
| Minister of State for Women and Youth. | |
| In office 1970–1970 | |
| President | Kenneth Kaunda |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1935 [1] |
| Nationality | Zambian |
| Political party | United National Independence Party |
| Spouse | Monica Simbule |
Ali Simbule is a former Zambian politician and diplomat.
Simbule was born in 1935. He studied at the University of Oxford.
On January 7,1965,he was accredited as a High Commissioner in Daressalam. [2] In April 1966 the British government gave the Agrément to the Zambian government,stating that Simbule would be received as High commissioner (Commonwealth) in London,making him the senior Zambian diplomat to England. On July 21,1966,he was accredited by Ugandan president Milton Obote as High commissioner (Commonwealth) in Kampala (Uganda).
On January 13,1966,at the Ministerial Conference of the Commonwealth in Lagos,sanctions against the regime at Sailsbury were discussed. Harold Wilson pictorially described expectations of already decided sanctions against Rhodesia,such as a Petrol embargo. The sanctions would be increasingly biting. [3]
On April 14,he declared,with regard to the acrimonious sanctions against Rhodesia,that Britain was a humiliated toothless bulldog,and forecasted that if the Africans rose in Rhodesia,then Britain would defend her kith and kin. [4]
On July 7,1967,Colonel John Hugo brought him to Buckingham Palace,where Elizabeth II received his Letter of commission. [5]
On April 25,1969,he was received by Léopold Sédar Senghor as the first Zambian High Commissioner (Commonwealth) in Senegal. [6]
From 1968 to 1972,he was also the first Zambian ambassador in Abidjan (Ivory Coast),based in Dakar.
In 1969,he was a Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of National Guidance and engaged in the Zambian Library. [7]
In 1970,he became the Minister of State for Women and Youth. [8]
From 1973 to 1980,he was Secretary General of the United National Independence Party.
On 25 January 1971,Ugandan rebel Idi Amin forced the then-president of Uganda Milton Obote with M4 Sherman tanks into exile to Tanzania,under the protection of Julius Nyerere. Thus,the two critics of British policy within the Commonwealth of Nations in southern Africa were pushed into the defensive. On January 26,1971,Simbule declared that the words of the first Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda were considered the joke of the day. [9]
In 1980,Simbule was sentenced to 18 months of hard labor for illegal possession of emeralds. [10]
The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting is a biennial summit meeting of the governmental leaders from all Commonwealth nations. Despite the name,the head of state may be present in the meeting instead of the head of government,especially among semi-presidential states. Every two years the meeting is held in a different member state and is chaired by that nation's respective prime minister or president,who becomes the Commonwealth Chair-in-Office until the next meeting. Queen Elizabeth II,who was the Head of the Commonwealth,attended every CHOGM beginning with Ottawa in 1973 until Perth in 2011,although her formal participation only began in 1997. She was represented by the Prince of Wales at the 2013 meeting as the 87-year-old monarch was curtailing long-distance travel. The Queen attended the 2015 summit in Malta and the 2018 summit in London,but was represented again by the Prince of Wales at the 2022 meeting in Rwanda.
Uganda has formal diplomatic relations with many countries,some accredited. Since the colonial era and after independence Uganda has grown to be one of the most important African countries. Uganda has diplomatic relations with many countries throughout Africa,the Americas,Asia,Europe and Oceania. Uganda is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations since 1962.
Idi Amin Dada Oumee was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. He ruled as a military dictator and is considered one of the most brutal despots in modern world history.
Apollo Milton Obote was a Ugandan politician who served as the second prime minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and the second president of Uganda from 1966 to 1971 and later from 1980 to 1985.
The Second Republic of Uganda existed from 1971 to 1979,when Uganda was ruled by Idi Amin's military dictatorship. Amin's rule formally came to an end with the Uganda-Tanzania War,which ended with Tanzania occupying Uganda and Amin fleeing into exile.
The History of Uganda from 1979 to 1986 comprises the history of Uganda since the end of the dictatorship of Idi Amin. This period has seen the second rule of Milton Obote and the presidency of Yoweri Museveni since 1986,in which Ugandan politics have been dominated by the National Resistance Movement.
Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II was Kabaka,or king,of the Kingdom of Buganda in Uganda from 22 November 1939 until his death. He was the 35th Kabaka of Buganda and the first president of Uganda from 1962 to 1966,when he was overthrown by Milton Obote. The foreign press often referred to him as King Freddie,a name rarely used in Uganda. An ardent defender of Buganda's interests,especially its traditional autonomy,he often threatened to make the kingdom independent both before and after Uganda's independence to preserve it. These firm convictions also later led to conflicts with his erstwhile political ally Milton Obote,who would eventually overthrow him.
Yusuf Kironde Lule was a Ugandan professor and politician who served as the fourth president of Uganda between 13 April and 20 June 1979.
The East Africa cricket team was a multi-national cricket team representing the countries of Uganda,Kenya,Tanzania and Zambia. Their first game was against Rhodesia in 1951. East Africa appeared in the 1975 World Cup and the 1979,1982 and 1986 ICC Trophies. In the last two of these Kenya was represented in its own right,so that East Africa was effectively a Ugandan,Tanzanian and Zambian team.
The Uganda–Tanzania War,known in Tanzania as the Kagera War and in Uganda as the 1979 Liberation War,was fought between Uganda and Tanzania from October 1978 until June 1979 and led to the overthrow of Ugandan President Idi Amin. The war was preceded by a deterioration of relations between Uganda and Tanzania following Amin's 1971 overthrow of President Milton Obote,who was close to the President of Tanzania,Julius Nyerere. Over the following years,Amin's regime was destabilised by violent purges,economic problems,and dissatisfaction in the Uganda Army.
The Ugandan Bush War was a civil war fought in Uganda by the official Ugandan government and its armed wing,the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA),against a number of rebel groups,most importantly the National Resistance Army (NRA),from 1980 to 1986.
The 1971 coup d'état in Uganda was the military overthrow of president Milton Obote's government. The coup was staged by major general Idi Amin Dada,commander of the Uganda Army. The seizure of power occurred on January 25 while Obote was attending the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Singapore. For various reasons,relations between Obote and Amin—his army commander—had become insidiously strained. Amin's plot was primarily driven by a concern to retain power over the military hence guaranteeing his own personal survival. After the coup's success,Amin installed himself as president;ruling—until 1979—by decree over an impoverished nation. He is often referred to as one of the most brutal dictators in modern political history
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zambia:
Foreign relations exist between Australia and Zimbabwe. Both countries have full embassy level diplomatic relations. Australia maintains an embassy in Harare,and Zimbabwe maintains an embassy in Canberra.
Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1899. It encompassed North-Western Rhodesia and Barotseland.
Basil Kiiza Bataringaya was a prominent Ugandan politician in post-independence Uganda. He was the Leader of the Opposition at the beginning of the Apollo Milton Obote government,and then he changed parties and was appointed to the powerful role of Ugandan Minister of Internal Affairs. He was imprisoned,tortured,and was one of the first political prisoners to be executed by the Idi Amin regime.
The Uganda Army,also known as the Uganda Rifles,served as the national armed forces of Uganda during the presidencies of Mutesa II and Milton Obote. As time went on,the military was gradually expanded and increasingly interfered in Uganda's national politics. It played a prominent role in defeating local insurgencies,suppressing opposition to Obote,and intervened in conflicts in the Congo as well as Sudan. Dissatisfied soldiers overthrew Obote in 1971,resulting in the establishment of the Second Republic of Uganda under the dictatorship of army commander Idi Amin. The Uganda Army was purged,with thousands of suspected pro-Obote troops killed or fleeing the country. The military was consequently split into an army serving under Amin –the Uganda Army (1971–1980) –and exiled rebel factions. The latter helped to overthrow Amin's regime during the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978–79,and became the core of the Uganda National Liberation Army which would serve as Uganda's national military from 1980 to 1986.
The 1972 invasion of Uganda was an armed attempt by Ugandan insurgents,supported by Tanzania,to overthrow the regime of Idi Amin. Under the orders of former Ugandan President Milton Obote,insurgents launched an invasion of southern Uganda with limited Tanzanian support in September 1972. The rebel force mostly consisted of the "People's Army" whose forces were mainly loyal to Obote,but also included guerillas led by Yoweri Museveni. The operation was hampered by problems from the start,as a planned rebel commando raid had to be aborted,Amin was warned of the impending invasion,and the rebels lacked numbers,training,and equipment. Regardless,the militants occupied a few towns in southern Uganda at the invasion's start. However,no major popular uprising erupted as Obote had hoped.