The Chinese Communist Party (CCP),officially the Communist Party of China (CPC),is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong,the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang. In 1949,Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since then,the CCP has governed China and has had sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Successive leaders of the CCP have added their own theories to the party's constitution,which outlines the party's ideology,collectively referred to as socialism with Chinese characteristics. As of 2023,the CCP has more than 98 million members,making it the second largest political party by membership in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party.
The Kuomintang (KMT),also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD),the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP),is a major political party in the Republic of China,initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949. The KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party and the largest in the Pan-Blue Coalition. Its primary rival is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allies in the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2024,the KMT is the largest single party in the Legislative Yuan. The current chairman is Eric Chu.
In China,politics functions within a communist state framework based on the system of people's congress under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),with the National People's Congress (NPC) functioning as the highest organ of state power and only branch of government per the principle of unified power. The CCP leads state activities by holding two-thirds of the seats in the NPC,and these party members are,in accordance with democratic centralism,responsible for implementing the policies adopted by the CCP Central Committee and the National Congress. The NPC has unlimited state power bar the limitations it sets on itself. By controlling the NPC,the CCP has complete state power. China's two special administrative regions (SARs),Hong Kong and Macau,are nominally autonomous from this system.
Zhou Enlai was a Chinese statesman,diplomat,and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and aided the Communist Party in rising to power,later helping consolidate its control,form its foreign policy,and develop the Chinese economy.
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party,with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949,resulting in a Communist victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution.
The civil service of the People's Republic of China is the administrative system of the traditional Chinese government which consists of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in China. The members of the civil service are selected through competitive examination.
The Nationalist government,officially the National Government of the Republic of China,refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948,led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
Anarchism in China was a strong intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in the early 20th century. In the years before and just after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty Chinese anarchists insisted that a true revolution could not be political,replacing one government with another,but had to overthrow traditional culture and create new social practices,especially in the family. "Anarchism" was translated into Chinese as 無政府主義literally,"the doctrine of no government."
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927,the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China,was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang. Following the incident,conservative KMT elements carried out a full-scale purge of communists in all areas under their control,and violent suppression occurred in Guangzhou and Changsha. The purge led to an open split between left-wing and right-wing factions in the KMT,with Chiang Kai-shek establishing himself as the leader of the right-wing faction based in Nanjing,in opposition to the original left-wing KMT government based in Wuhan,which was led by Wang Jingwei. By 15 July 1927,the Wuhan regime had expelled the Communists in its ranks,effectively ending the First United Front,a working alliance of both the KMT and CCP under the tutelage of Comintern agents. For the rest of 1927,the CCP would fight to regain power,beginning the Autumn Harvest Uprising. With the failure and the crushing of the Guangzhou Uprising at Guangzhou however,the power of the Communists was largely diminished,unable to launch another major urban offensive.
The history of the Chinese Communist Party began with its establishment in July 1921. A study group led by Peking University professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to discuss Marxism,led to intellectuals officially founding the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1921. In 1923,Sun Yat-sen invited the CCP to form a United Front,and to join his Nationalist Party (GMD) in Canton for training under representatives of the Communist International,the Soviet Union's international organization. The Soviet representatives reorganized both parties into Leninist parties. Rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then,the Leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism,in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all-powerful Central Committee determined the party line,which all members must follow.
Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status. women in China. Feminism in China began in the 20th century in tandem with the Chinese Revolution. Feminism in modern China is closely linked with socialism and class issues. Some commentators believe that this close association is damaging to Chinese feminism and argue that the interests of the party are placed before those of women.
The Republic of China (ROC),or simply China,was a sovereign state based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949 prior to the government's relocation to Taiwan,where it continues to be based today. The ROC was established on 1 January 1912 during the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty,ending the imperial history of China. The Republican government was ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT) as a one-party state based in Nanjing from 1927,until its flight to Taipei on 7 December 1949 following the KMT's de facto defeat by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The CCP proclaimed the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949,while the ROC retains control over the "Free Area",with the political status of Taiwan remaining in dispute to this day.
Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League,or Thanh Niên for short,was founded by Nguyen Ai Quoc in Guangzhou in the spring of 1925. It is considered as the “first truly Marxist organization in Indochina”and “the beginning of Vietnamese Communism”. With the support of Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang Left,during the period of 1925-1927,the League managed to educate and train a considerable number of Marxist-Leninist revolutionaries,preparing the prominent leadership for the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese Revolution. At the time,Vietnam was part of colonial French Indochina.
The Communist Youth League of China (CYLC),also known as the Young Communist League of China or simply the Communist Youth League (CYL),is a people's organization of the People's Republic of China for youth between the ages of 14 and 28,run by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The league is organized on the party pattern. Its leader is its First Secretary,who is an alternate member of the Central Committee of the CCP. The incumbent First Secretary is A Dong,appointed in May 2023. The Communist Youth League is also responsible for guiding the activities of the Young Pioneers.
The Chinese Communist Revolution was a social and political revolution that culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. For the preceding century,China had faced escalating social,economic,and political problems as a result of Western imperialism,Japanese imperialism,and the decline of the Qing dynasty. Cyclical famines and an oppressive landlord system kept the large mass of rural peasantry poor and politically disenfranchised. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 by young urban intellectuals inspired by European socialist ideas and the success of the October Revolution in Russia. The CCP originally allied itself with the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party against the warlords and foreign imperialist forces,but the 1927 massacre of Communists in Shanghai ordered by Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek forced them into the Chinese Civil War,which would last more than two decades.
Shen Yiqin is a Chinese politician of Bai ethnic heritage who is currently a state councilor and President of the All-China Women's Federation since 2023. She previously served as the Communist Party Secretary of Guizhou,a province in southwestern China,between November 2020 and December 2022.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded in China in 1921,growing quickly to eventually establish the People's Republic of China under the rule of Chairman Mao Zedong in 1949. As a Marxist–Leninist party,the Chinese Communist Party is theoretically committed to female equality,and has vowed to place women's liberation on their agenda.
The Vietnam Women's Union,otherwise referred to as the VWU or Hội Liên Hiệp PhụNữViệt Nam in Vietnamese,is a socio-political organization that represents and defends the legal and legitimate rights and interests of Women in Vietnam. Originally founded on October 20,1930,there are currently over 13 million members belonging to 10,472 local women's unions in communes and towns throughout the country. The current president,for the 2017-2022 term,is President HàThịNga and Vice Presidents Bùi ThịHòa,Trần ThịHương,Hoàng ThịÁi Nhiên,and ĐỗThịThu Thảo. There have been leadership changes throughout this term however. Nguyễn ThịThu Hàwas the president until April 2020 before HàThịNga became the president in May 2020. Nguyễn ThịTuyết was a Vice President until February 2020. ĐỗThịThu Thảo was not named Vice President until July 2018.
The cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party entails the methods and institutions employed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to train,organize,appoint,and oversee personnel to fulfill a wide range of civil service-type roles in Party,state,military,business,and other organizations across the country. The system is composed of the several million full-time,professional staff,the cadres.
Li Wenyi,born in Wuhan,Hubei,graduated from Hubei NüZi Shi Fan Xue Xiao,was a Chinese woman activist and politician. Her activism began as early as 1922 as she started to get involved in the Women's Movement Alliance (WMA) to advocate for women's equal rights and political participation in China,promoting female labor protection and education equality. In 1926,she joined Kuomintang (KMT) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP),and was then expelled by both in 1927,but her contacts with both was maintained throughout her activism. When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1938,Li Wenyi joined a local women's resistance group to defend her hometown. In 1943,under CCP's commission,Li Wenyi traveled to Kunming,Yunnan and developed her left-wing activism there,founding a women's press,a women's reading group,and academic seminars to educate local women. During the Civil War (1945–1949),Li Wenyi,along with her colleagues,supported the CCP's establishment of a new China and joined the national All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) upon the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since the establishment of the PRC,Li Wenyi had held various positions in the ACWF,and served various roles in terms of labor protection and within the Democratic League.
