Related Research Articles
The Neolithic or New Stone Age is an archaeological period,the final division of the Stone Age in Europe,Asia and Africa. It saw the Neolithic Revolution,a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming,domestication of animals,and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement. The term 'Neolithic' was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system.
The Vinča culture,also known as Turdașculture,Turdaș–Vinča culture or Vinča-Turdașculture,is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe,dated to the period 5700–4500 BC or 5300–4700/4500 BC. Named for its type site,Vinča-Belo Brdo,a large tell settlement discovered by Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasićin 1908,it represents the material remains of a prehistoric society mainly distinguished by its settlement pattern and ritual behaviour.
The Neolithic Revolution,also known as the First Agricultural Revolution,was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement,making an increasingly large population possible. These settled communities permitted humans to observe and experiment with plants,learning how they grew and developed. This new knowledge led to the domestication of plants into crops.
The founder crops or primary domesticates are a group of flowering plants that were domesticated by early farming communities in Southwest Asia and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across Eurasia. As originally defined by Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf,they consisted of three cereals,four pulses,and flax. Subsequent research has indicated that many other species could be considered founder crops. These species were amongst the first domesticated plants in the world.
Antiquity is an academic journal dedicated to the subject of archaeology. It publishes six issues a year,covering topics worldwide from all periods. Its current editor is Robert Witcher,Associate Professor of Archaeology at the University of Durham. Since 2015,the journal has been published by Cambridge University Press.
Balbridie is the site of a Neolithic long house in Aberdeenshire,Scotland,situated on the south bank of the River Dee,east of Banchory. The site is one of the earliest known permanent Neolithic settlements in Scotland,dating from 3400 to 4000 BC. This is the largest Neolithic long house to be excavated in Britain. In a European context,Whittle has indicated the rarity of such large Neolithic timber houses,citing Balbridie,a hall in Cambridgeshire,and Fengate as a small set of such finds.
Aditi Lahiri is an Indian-born British linguist and Professor emerita of Linguistics at the University of Oxford. She held the Chair of Linguistics at the University of Oxford from 2007 until her retirement in 2022;she was a Fellow of Somerville College,Oxford. Her main research interests are in phonology,phonetics,historical linguistics,psycholinguistics,and neurolinguistics.
Agriculture in England is today intensive,highly mechanised,and efficient by European standards,producing about 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force. It contributes around 2% of GDP. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock,one third to arable crops. Agriculture was heavily subsidised by the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy and continues to be so after Brexit. The GDP from the farming sector is argued by some to be a small return on the subsidies given but is argued by others that subsidy boosts food security and therefore is justified in the same way defence spending is.
Irish cuisine encompasses the cooking styles,traditions and recipes associated with the island of Ireland. It has evolved from centuries of social and political change and the mixing of different cultures,predominantly with those from nearby Britain and other European regions. The cuisine is founded upon the crops and animals farmed in its temperate climate and the abundance of fresh fish and seafood from the surrounding waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Chowder,for example,is popular around the coasts.
The Neolithic period in the British Isles lasted from c. 4100 to c. 2,500 BC. Constituting the final stage of the Stone Age in the region,it was preceded by the Mesolithic and followed by the Bronze Age.
Helena Francisca Hamerow,is an American archaeologist,best known for her work on the archeology of early medieval communities in Northwestern Europe. She is Professor of Early Medieval archaeology and former Head of the School of Archaeology,University of Oxford.
Nicola Jane Milner is a British archaeologist and academic. She is head of the Department of Archaeology at the University of York. Her research focuses on the Mesolithic period,and the transition between the Mesolithic and Neolithic. She has worked at the iconic site of Star Carr in the Vale of Pickering for over 15 years,and has directed excavations at the site since 2004.
Magdalena Midgley was a British archaeologist,and Professor of the European Neolithic at the University of Edinburgh. She dedicated her archaeological career to teaching and researching early farming cultures of Continental Europe. She became known for her survey of the TRB culture,the first farming culture of the North European Plain and southern Scandinavia,which was published by Edinburgh University Press.
Alexandra Bayliss is a British archaeologist and academic. She is Head of Scientific Dating at Historic England,and a part-time Professor of Archaeological Science at the University of Stirling in Scotland. Her research focuses on the construction of exact chronologies of European Neolithic archaeological sites,through the application of Bayesian statistical modelling of radiocarbon dates.
The School of Archaeology is an academic department of the University of Oxford comprising the Institute of Archaeology and the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art (RLAHA),and is part of Oxford's Social Sciences Division. The school was created in 2000 when the two existing departments were combined under this umbrella. Both sub-departments retain separate directors,who report to the head of the School of Archaeology,who is replaced every three years.
Glynis Eleanor Jones FBA is a British archaeobotanist,who is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield.
Catherine J. Frieman is an archaeologist and associate professor at the Australian National University. Her research investigates conservatism and innovation,and she is a specialist in material culture and technology.
Nicki Whitehouse is a British archaeologist and Environmental Archaeologist. She is a Professor in Archaeological Science at the University of Glasgow.
The Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield,UK,is an academic department providing undergraduate and postgraduate courses in archaeology and its sub-disciplines based in the city of Sheffield,South Yorkshire. It conducts archaeological associated research with several dedicated research centres. It was founded in 1976,stemming from early archaeology programs in the 1960s as one of the first universities in the UK with a dedicated Department of Archaeology.
Meriel McClatchie is an archaeologist specialising in archaeobotany. She is an associate professor at University College Dublin.
References
- ↑ "Amy Bogaard - School of Archaeology - University of Oxford". www.arch.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ↑ "Prof Amy Bogaard - www.spc.ox.ac.uk". www.spc.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ↑ "Amy Bogaard - Future of Food". www.futureoffood.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ↑ "Amy Bogaard - Oxford University, Environmental Research Doctoral Training Partnership, DTP". ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ↑ Bogaard, Amy (2002). The permanence, intensity and seasonality of early crop cultivation in Western-Central Europe. PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.
- ↑ School of Archaeology. "Research on prehistoric farming in western Eurasia recognised at the Shanghai Archaeology Forum". Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ↑ "Prof Amy Bogaard". St Peter's College. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ↑ "Amy Bogaard" . Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ↑ Bogaard, Amy (2018). "Farming, inequality and urbanization: a comparative analysis of late prehistoric northern Mesopotamia and south-west Germany". Ten Thousand Years of Inequality: The Archaeology of Wealth Differences. University of Arizona Press.
- ↑ "The Agricultural Origins of Urban Civilization | Projects | FP7-IDEAS-ERC | CORDIS | European Commission". CORDIS | European Commission. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ↑ "6,4 Million Euros for research into the birth of agriculture in Europe". Portal. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ↑ "FeedSax Team". feedsax.arch.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
- ↑ "Professor Amy Bogaard FBA". The British Academy. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ↑ "Antiquity Trust". Antiquity. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
