Andrea Pauli

Last updated
Andrea Pauli
AndreaPauli.jpg
Born1977
Alma mater
Awards
  • ERC Consolidator Grant (2022)
  • EMBO Member (2021)
  • HFSP Young Investigator (2020)
  • EMBO Young Investigator (2018)
Scientific career
Fieldsmolecular basis of vertebrate fertilisation
Institutions
Doctoral advisor Kim Nasmyth
Other academic advisors Alexander F. Schier
Website www.imp.ac.at/groups/andrea-pauli/

Andrea Pauli (born 1977) is a developmental biologist and biochemist studying how the egg transitions into an embryo, and more specifically the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebrate fertilisations, egg dormancy, and subsequent egg activation. [1] Her lab uses zebrafish as the main model organism. [2] Andrea Pauli is a group leader at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) at the Vienna Biocenter in Austria. [3]

Contents

Early life and education

Andrea Pauli grew up in Bavaria, Germany. She studied biochemistry at Regensburg University, followed by a master’s in molecular and cellular biology at Heidelberg University. [4] In 2004, she started her doctoral research under the joint supervision of Barry Dickson and Kim Nasmyth at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, Austria. When Nasmyth transferred to the University of Oxford in 2006, Pauli moved with him and obtained her PhD from Oxford in 2009. [5] As a student, she competed twice in the Oxford-Cambridge Women’s Boat Race (2007 and 2008) for Oxford. [6]

Career

Andrea Pauli became a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Alexander F. Schier at Harvard University in 2009. [4] In 2015, she returned to the IMP to establish her own lab as a group leader. Since 2018, Pauli teaches zebrafish summer courses at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole [7] and in 2020, she became the dean of the Vienna Biocenter summer school. [8]

Research

Andrea Pauli's doctoral research focused on cohesin, a protein complex initially known for its essential role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, Pauli showed new cohesin functions in non-proliferating cells. [9] [10] Pauli later turned to zebrafish as model system and to characterising embryonic transcripts, [11] [12] [13] through which she discovered the essential embryonic signal Toddler/Apela/ELABELA, a secreted peptide necessary for mesoderm migration during gastrulation. [13] This demonstrated that newly identified translated regions can encode previously missed yet functionally important small proteins. [14] [15] Research in Pauli’s lab links developmental biology with biochemistry, molecular and cell biology and genomics in order to uncover essential mechanisms underlying the egg-to-embryo transition. Pauli and her lab have discovered mechanisms underlying embryo morphogenesis, fertilisation and egg dormancy. This includes the discovery that Toddler acts as a guidance cue which steers the directional migration of mesodermal cells via a single-receptor-based self-generated Toddler gradient. [16] Focusing on fertilisation, Pauli and her lab identified the egg protein Bouncer as an essential factor for sperm-egg recognition in fish: [17] Bouncer is essential for sperm entry into the egg and sufficient to switch the species-specificity of fertilisation between zebrafish and medaka. Pauli’s lab characterized the functions of Bouncer’s homolog in mammals, SPACA4, [18] and the zebrafish sperm factors Dcst1/2 [19] and Spaca6, [20] which are conserved in mammals and required for fertilisation in vertebrates. Studying the mechanistic basis of dormancy in the egg, Pauli’s lab discovered a developmentally programmed, conserved dormant ribosome state important for ribosome storage and translational repression, which is conserved in zebrafish and Xenopus laevis. [21]

Awards and achievements

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fertilisation</span> Union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote

Fertilisation or fertilization, also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spindle checkpoint</span> Cell cycle checkpoint

The spindle checkpoint, also known as the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the metaphase checkpoint, or the mitotic checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint during metaphase of mitosis or meiosis that prevents the separation of the duplicated chromosomes (anaphase) until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle. To achieve proper segregation, the two kinetochores on the sister chromatids must be attached to opposite spindle poles. Only this pattern of attachment will ensure that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. The defining biochemical feature of this checkpoint is the stimulation of the anaphase-promoting complex by M-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn causes the proteolytic destruction of cyclins and proteins that hold the sister chromatids together.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Nasmyth</span> British biochemist

Kim Ashley Nasmyth is an English geneticist, the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, former scientific director of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), and former head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford. He is best known for his work on the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Separase</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Separase, also known as separin, is a cysteine protease responsible for triggering anaphase by hydrolysing cohesin, which is the protein responsible for binding sister chromatids during the early stage of anaphase. In humans, separin is encoded by the ESPL1 gene.

SMC complexes represent a large family of ATPases that participate in many aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics. SMC stands for Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cohesin</span> Protein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division

Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1 and SCC3. Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids. The complex forms a ring-like structure and it is believed that sister chromatids are held together by entrapment inside the cohesin ring. Cohesin is a member of the SMC family of protein complexes which includes Condensin, MukBEF and SMC-ScpAB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fish development</span>

The development of fishes is unique in some specific aspects compared to the development of other animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NIPBL</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Nipped-B-like protein (NIPBL), also known as SCC2 or delangin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NIPBL gene. NIPBL is required for the association of cohesin with DNA and is the major subunit of the cohesin loading complex. Heterozygous mutations in NIPBL account for an estimated 60% of case of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAD21</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD21 gene. RAD21, an essential gene, encodes a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair protein that is evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes from budding yeast to humans. RAD21 protein is a structural component of the highly conserved cohesin complex consisting of RAD21, SMC1A, SMC3, and SCC3 [ STAG1 (SA1) and STAG2 (SA2) in multicellular organisms] proteins, involved in sister chromatid cohesion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WAPAL</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Wings apart-like protein homolog (WAPL) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WAPAL gene. WAPL is a key regulator of the Cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2. Cohesin has a ring-like arrangement and it is thought that it associates with the chromosome by entrapping it whether as a loop of DNA, a single strand or a pair of sister chromosomes. WAPL forms a complex with PDS5A or PDS5B and releases cohesin from DNA by opening the interface between SMC3 and RAD21.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shugoshin 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Shugoshin 1 or Shugoshin-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGO1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Research Institute of Molecular Pathology</span>

The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) is a biomedical research center, which conducts curiosity-driven basic research in the molecular life sciences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angelika Amon</span> Austrian American academic molecular and cell biologist (1967–2020)

Angelika Amon was an Austrian American molecular and cell biologist, and the Kathleen and Curtis Marble Professor in Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Amon's research centered on how chromosomes are regulated, duplicated, and partitioned in the cell cycle. Amon was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SMC1B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B (SMC-1B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC1B gene. SMC proteins engage in chromosome organization and can be broken into 3 groups based on function which are cohesins, condensins, and DNA repair. SMC-1B belongs to a family of proteins required for chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination during meiosis and mitosis. SMC1B protein appears to participate with other cohesins REC8, STAG3 and SMC3 in sister-chromatid cohesion throughout the whole meiotic process in human oocytes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander F. Schier</span> Swiss biologist

Alexander F. Schier is a Professor of Cell Biology and the Director of the Biozentrum University of Basel, Switzerland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Uhlmann</span>

Frank Uhlmann FRS is a group leader at the Francis Crick Institute in London.

Jan-Michael Peters is a cell- and molecular biologist. Since 2013, he is Scientific Director of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna.

Alexander Stark is a biochemist and computational biologist working on the regulation of gene expression in development. He is a senior scientist at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) at the Vienna Biocenter and adjunct professor of the Medical University of Vienna.

Antonio Jesus Giraldez is a Spanish developmental biologist and RNA researcher at Yale University School of Medicine, where he serves as chair of the department of genetics and Fergus F. Wallace Professor of Genetics. He is also affiliated with the Yale Cancer Center and the Yale Stem Cell Center.

Julia Anne Horsfield is a New Zealand biochemist and developmental geneticist. She is professor of pathology at the University of Otago and director of Genetics Otago and the Otago Zebrafish Facility.

References

  1. ↑ Pathology, Research Institute of Molecular. "Andrea Pauli | Open Reading Frames (ORFs) | Development | Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)". The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology.
  2. ↑ "IMP Mini Lectures | Andrea Pauli: From egg to embryo" – via www.youtube.com.
  3. ↑ Pathology, Research Institute of Molecular. "Research Groups at IMP | All Labs | Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)". The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology.
  4. 1 2 "POSTDOC PROFILE: ANDI PAULI [SCHIER LAB]". Harvard University - Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology. June 11, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Forscherin Pauli: "Wir wissen noch nicht, was im Erbgut passiert"". DER STANDARD.
  6. ↑ "The Boat Race: Results".
  7. ↑ "Whitman Fellow Andrea Pauli Christens "Bouncer," Gatekeeper of the Egg". Marine Biological Laboratory.
  8. ↑ Pathology, Research Institute of Molecular. "10th Vienna BioCenter Summer School Symposium". The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology.
  9. ↑ Pauli, A.; Van Bemmel, J. G.; Oliveira, R. A.; Itoh, T.; Shirahige, K.; Van Steensel, B.; Nasmyth, K. (2010). "A direct role for cohesin in gene regulation and ecdysone response in Drosophila salivary glands". Current Biology. 20 (20): 1787–1798. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.006. PMC   4763543 . PMID   20933422.
  10. ↑ Pauli, A.; Althoff, F.; Oliveira, R. A.; Heidmann, S.; Schuldiner, O.; Lehner, C. F.; Dickson, B. J.; Nasmyth, K. (2008). "Cell-type-specific TEV protease cleavage reveals cohesin functions in Drosophila neurons". Developmental Cell. 14 (2): 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.12.009. PMC   2258333 . PMID   18267092.
  11. ↑ Pauli, A.; Valen, E.; Lin, M. F.; Garber, M.; Vastenhouw, N. L.; Levin, J. Z.; Fan, L.; Sandelin, A.; Rinn, J. L.; Regev, A.; Schier, A. F. (2012). "Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during zebrafish embryogenesis". Genome Research. 22 (3): 577–591. doi:10.1101/gr.133009.111. PMC   3290793 . PMID   22110045.
  12. ↑ Chew, G. L.; Pauli, A.; Rinn, J. L.; Regev, A.; Schier, A. F.; Valen, E. (2013). "Ribosome profiling reveals resemblance between long non-coding RNAs and 5' leaders of coding RNAs". Development. 140 (13): 2828–2834. doi:10.1242/dev.098343. PMC   3678345 . PMID   23698349.
  13. 1 2 Pauli, A.; Norris, M. L.; Valen, E.; Chew, G.-L.; Gagnon, J. A.; Zimmerman, S.; Mitchell, A.; Ma, J.; Dubrulle, J.; Reyon, D.; Tsai, S. Q.; Joung, J. K.; Saghatelian, A.; Schier, A. F. (2014). "Toddler: An Embryonic Signal That Promotes Cell Movement via Apelin Receptors". Science. 343 (6172). doi:10.1126/science.1248636. PMC   4107353 . PMID   24407481.
  14. ↑ Pauli, A.; Valen, E.; Schier, A. F. (2015). "Identifying (Non-)coding RNAs and small peptides: Challenges and opportunities". BioEssays. 37 (1): 103–112. doi:10.1002/bies.201400103. PMC   4433033 . PMID   25345765.
  15. ↑ Cabrera-Quio, L. E.; Herberg, S.; Pauli, A. (2016). "Decoding sORF translation - from small proteins to gene regulation". RNA Biology. 13 (11): 1051–1059. doi:10.1080/15476286.2016.1218589. PMC   5100344 . PMID   27653973.
  16. ↑ Stock, Jessica; Kazmar, Tomas; Schlumm, Friederike; Hannezo, Edouard; Pauli, Andrea (2021-12-17), A self-generated Toddler gradient guides mesodermal cell migration, doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472981
  17. ↑ Herberg, S.; Gert, K. R.; Schleiffer, A.; Pauli, A. (2018). "The Ly6/UPAR protein Bouncer is necessary and sufficient for species-specific fertilization". Science. 361 (6406): 1029–1033. Bibcode:2018Sci...361.1029H. doi:10.1126/science.aat7113. PMC   6195191 . PMID   30190407.
  18. ↑ Fujihara, Yoshitaka; Herberg, Sarah; Blaha, Andreas; Panser, Karin; Kobayashi, Kiyonori; Larasati, Tamara; Novatchkova, Maria; Theussl, Hans-Christian; Olszanska, Olga; Ikawa, Masahito; Pauli, Andrea (2021). "The conserved fertility factor SPACA4/Bouncer has divergent modes of action in vertebrate fertilization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (39). Bibcode:2021PNAS..11808777F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2108777118 . PMC   8488580 . PMID   34556579.
  19. ↑ Noda, Taichi; Blaha, Andreas; Fujihara, Yoshitaka; Gert, Krista R.; Emori, Chihiro; Deneke, Victoria E.; Oura, Seiya; Panser, Karin; Lu, Yonggang; Berent, Sara; Kodani, Mayo; Cabrera-Quio, Luis Enrique; Pauli, Andrea; Ikawa, Masahito (2022). "Sperm membrane proteins DCST1 and DCST2 are required for sperm-egg interaction in mice and fish". Communications Biology. 5 (1): 332. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03289-w. PMC   8989947 . PMID   35393517.
  20. ↑ Binner, Mirjam I.; Kogan, Anna; Panser, Karin; Schleiffer, Alexander; Deneke, Victoria E.; Pauli, Andrea (2022). "The Sperm Protein Spaca6 is Essential for Fertilization in Zebrafish". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9: 806982. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806982 . PMC   8762341 . PMID   35047514.
  21. ↑ Leesch, F.; Lorenzo-Orts, L.; Pribitzer, C.; Grishkovskaya, I.; Roehsner, J.; Chugunova, A.; Matzinger, M.; Roitinger, E.; Belačić, K.; Kandolf, S.; Lin, T. Y.; Mechtler, K.; Meinhart, A.; Haselbach, D.; Pauli, A. (2023). "A molecular network of conserved factors keeps ribosomes dormant in the egg". Nature. 613 (7945): 712–720. Bibcode:2023Natur.613..712L. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05623-y. PMC   7614339 . PMID   36653451.
  22. ↑ Tempelmaier, Brigitte (17 March 2022). "Vienna BioCenter: ERC Consolidator Grants for Andrea Pauli and Yasin Dagdas". LISAvienna - life science austria.
  23. 1 2 "Find people in the EMBO Communities". people.embo.org.
  24. 1 2 HFSP awards directory
  25. ↑ "MBL Names 2018 Whitman Center Fellows". CapeCod.com. May 17, 2018.
  26. ↑ "Andrea PAULI". list.fwf.ac.at.
  27. ↑ "Chi-Bin Chien Award". www.izfs.org/awards/chi-bin-chien-award.
  28. ↑ "NIH". researchtraining.nih.gov.
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