Andrew G. Bostom | |
---|---|
Born | Andrew Gould Bostom [1] 1955or1956(age 68–69) |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (MD) |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 2002–present |
Known for | Criticism of Islam Criticism of COVID-19 vaccinations and mitigation |
Website | andrewbostom |
Andrew Gould Bostom (born 1955or1956) [2] is an American author, conservative activist, physician and critic of Islam, who is a retired [3] [4] associate professor of medicine at Brown University Medical School. [5] [6] Bostom has authored historical works such as The Legacy of Jihad and The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism , and has also been noted for his criticism of COVID-19 vaccinations and the public health establishment's mitigation efforts and narrative about the pandemic. [7] [8]
Bostom grew up in New York City, lived in Queens most of his early life and went to medical school in Brooklyn, [5] receiving his MD from SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of Medicine in 1990. [2] He is Jewish, although "not particularly religious". [5] He became an associate professor of medicine at Brown University Medical School, [5] where he was an internal medicine specialist from 1997 to 2021. [9] His attention to Islam was started with the September 11 attacks in 2001, after which he read "everything" ever written by Bat Ye'or. [5] He met Ye'or after a correspondence with Daniel Pipes, and thereafter brought her to Brown to give a guest lecture, following which she became a "very close" mentor to Bostom. [5] He began writing short essays within a year of 9/11, and wrote his first book with the encouragement of Ibn Warraq. [5]
Bostom authored The Legacy of Jihad in 2005, a work which provides an analysis of jihad based on an exegesis of translations of Islamic primary sources done by other writers on the topic, [10] [11] [12] and was the editor of the 2008 anthology of primary sources and secondary studies on the theme of Muslim antisemitism, The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism . [13] [14] [15] He published his third compendium, Sharia versus Freedom: The Legacy of Islamic Totalitarianism, in 2012. [16] He has additionally written articles in the New York Post , Washington Times , New York Daily News , National Review , American Thinker , Pajamas Media, FrontPage Magazine , [17] Blaze Media, [18] The Brownstone Institute, [19] and published his own blog. [20]
Alyssa A. Lappen in the Journal for the Study of Antisemitism found Bostom's first book "groundbreaking", and the second a "landmark book" that was both "extensive" and "scientific". [21] Bostom's view that Islam and Islamism are "synonymous" has been criticized by professor Bassam Tibi who states that most Muslims in the world are not Islamists. [22] Christopher van der Krogt has described Bostom as a polemicist. [23] Matt Carr writing in Race & Class , described Bostom as a "protégé" of Bat Ye’or, and described Bostom's perspective of Islam as reducing to the acronym "‘MPED’ – massacre, pillage, enslavement and deportation". [24] Bostom participated in the 2007 and 2008 international counter-jihad conferences, [25] [26] and is regarded as part of the counter-jihad movement. [27] [28]
Bostom has supported and signed the controversial Great Barrington Declaration, which opposed government COVID-19 mitigation measures such as mask wearing and lockdowns, in favor of shielding those considered to be at risk, while those not at risk could resume normal activities. [29] He has criticized COVID-19 vaccinations for the risks of myocarditis, [30] and mitigation measures for college students, arguing with having found zero hospitalizations from 26,000 positive COVID tests on 29 universities, [18] and stating that mask-wearing and quarantine mandates are "predicated on the disproven idea that there is asymptomatic transmission of the virus.", arguing from a lack of support from randomized control trials. [31] In 2021, he testified as an expert witness in epidemiology for litigants who sought to overturn mask requirements for Rhode Island schoolchildren in Superior Court. [32]
Bostom was suspended from Twitter after receiving five strikes for "misinformation", but, according to the Twitter Files, after his attorney contacted Twitter, Twitter's internal audit found that only one of his five violations had been valid. [7] The one tweet still considered to be in violation reportedly cited data that was found to be "legitimate but inconvenient to the public health establishment's narrative about the risks of flu versus Covid in children." [33] His account was later reinstated. [34]
"Eurabia" is a far-right, anti-Muslim conspiracy theory that posits that globalist entities, led by French and Arab powers, aim to Islamize and Arabize Europe, thereby weakening its existing culture and undermining its previous alliances with the United States and Israel.
Islamic terrorism refers to terrorist acts carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists.
Gisèle Littman, better known by her pen name Bat Ye'or, is an Egyptian-born British-French author, who argues in her writings that Islam, anti-Americanism and antisemitism hold sway over European culture and politics.
Dhimmitude is a neologism characterizing the status of non-Muslims under Muslim rule, popularized by the Egyptian-born British writer Bat Ye'or in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a portmanteau word constructed from the Arabic dhimmi 'non-Muslim living in an Islamic state' and the French (serv)itude 'subjection'.
The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims is a collection of 63 essays edited by Robert Spencer. It deals with the history of non-Muslim populations during and after the conquest of their lands by Muslims.
The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude is a 1991 book by author Bat Ye'or. In the book the author describes her interpretation of the waning of the Eastern Christendom under the Islamic empire's conquests. The book was first published in France as Le déclin du christianisme oriental: Entre jihad et dhimmitude VIIe-XXe siècle in 1991 with a foreword by Jacques Ellul and was translated into English in 1996.
"Islamofascism" is a term that is a portmanteau of the ideologies of fascism and Islamism or Islamic fundamentalism, which advocates authoritarianism and violent extremism to establish an Islamic state, in addition to promoting offensive Jihad. For example, Qutbism has been characterized as an Islamofascist and Islamic terrorist ideology.
David Gerald Littman was a British Jewish activist best known for organising the departure of Jewish children from Morocco when he was 28. He then worked as a lobbyist at the United Nations in Geneva and was also an historian. He was married to Bat Ye'or.
The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims is a book by Andrew G. Bostom, a medical doctor who has written several other works discussing Islamic intolerance. The foreword was written by author and ex-Muslim, Ibn Warraq. The book is framed as a rejection of the notion that Islam is a peaceful religion and claims that Islam is violent and intolerant.
The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History is a 2008 book by Andrew G. Bostom. It has been described by Raphael Israeli in The Jerusalem Post as a "collection of sources, Islamic and others, which testify to the long and sorry history of anti-Semitism in Islam."
The International Free Press Society (IFPS), founded in 2009, is a creation of the Danish Free Press Society. The stated purpose of IFPS "is to defend freedom of expression wherever and by whomever it is threatened". It has been described as a key component of the counter-jihad movement.
From the time of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam, many Muslim states and empires have been involved in warfare. The concept of Jihad, the religious duty to struggle, has long been associated with struggles for promoting a religion, although some observers refer to such struggle as "the lesser jihad" by comparison with inner spiritual striving. Islamic jurisprudence on war differentiates between illegitimate and legitimate warfare and prescribes proper and improper conduct by combatants. Numerous conquest wars as well as armed anti-colonial military campaigns were waged as jihads.
Counter-jihad, also known as the counter-jihad movement, is a self-titled political current loosely consisting of authors, bloggers, think tanks, street movements and so on linked by beliefs that view Islam not as a religion but as an ideology that constitutes an existential threat to Western civilization. Consequently, counter-jihadists consider all Muslims as a potential threat, especially when they are already living within Western boundaries. Western Muslims accordingly are portrayed as a "fifth column", collectively seeking to destabilize Western nations' identity and values for the benefit of an international Islamic movement intent on the establishment of a caliphate in Western countries. The counter-jihad movement has been variously described as anti-Islamic, Islamophobic, inciting hatred against Muslims, and far-right. Influential figures in the movement include the bloggers Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer in the US, and Geert Wilders and Tommy Robinson in Europe.
This is a bibliography of literature treating the topic of criticism of Islam, sorted by source publication and the author's last name.
Gatestone Institute is an American conservative think tank based in New York City, known for publishing articles pertaining to U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, specifically with regard to Islamic extremism. It was founded in 2012 by Nina Rosenwald, who serves as its president.John R. Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and former National Security Advisor, was its chairman from 2013 until March 2018. Its current chairman is Amir Taheri. The organization has attracted attention for publishing false or inaccurate articles, some of which were shared widely.
Gates of Vienna is a far-right blog established in 2004 by Edward S. May and his wife. The website has featured the writings of international hardline anti-Muslim writers such as Fjordman and Paul Weston, and "is a central player in the counter-jihad movement within the United States and across Europe".
Abu l-Aghlab Ibrahim ibn Allah was Emir of Palermo from 835 to 851. Grandson of Ziyadat Allah, Emir of Kairouan, on September 11, 835 left Africa for Sicily where after a naval battle against the Byzantines, he joined the government of Palermo.
The Citizens' Movement Pax Europa is a German anti-Islam, counter-jihad organisation. It was formed in 2008 from the merger of two previous groups, the Federal Association of Citizens' Movements formed in 2003, and Pax Europa formed in 2006.
The International Civil Liberties Alliance (ICLA) is an international counter-jihad organization that was originally founded in 2006, and which has spanned over twenty countries. Central to the organization has been Edward S. May of the Gates of Vienna blog, Alain Wagner and Christine Brim.
The Battle of Samokov took place between the Ottoman army under the command of Lala Şahin Pasha, the Second Bulgarian Empire under the command of Ivan Shishman, and the Macedonian-Serbian Despotate under the command of Uglješa Mrnjavčević. Ottoman Turks headed to the city of Samokov after the conquest of Ihtiman. They encountered the armies of the Serbian and Bulgarian kings. Although the Serbian and Bulgarian armies were far superior to him in numbers, Lala Şahin Pasha did not hesitate to fight and achieved victory with a strong attack. The victory was so complete that the soldiers of the Serbian and Bulgarian armies fled without taking any of their provisions, leaving everything behind.