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Substance abuse,also known as drug abuse,is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health,medical,and criminal justice contexts. In some cases,criminal or anti-social behavior occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug,and long-term personality changes in individuals may also occur. In addition to possible physical,social,and psychological harm,the use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties,although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction.
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Tamara Goldman Sher,Ph.D. is a licensed clinical psychologist and professor at The Family Institute at Northwestern University. She is a leading researcher in the fields of Behavioral Medicine and Couples Therapy. Sher was awarded a $2.4 million grant from the National Heart,Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) which combined both of these fields in a study measuring the benefits of couples' involvement in cardiac treatment. This grant is part of Sher's work with the National Institute of Health's Behavior Change Consortium. Sher's research has been mentioned in the Chicago Tribune,Psychology Today,on Chicago Public Radio,and published in several leading psychology journals.
The health action process approach (HAPA) is a psychological theory of health behavior change,developed by Ralf Schwarzer,Professor of Psychology at the Freie University Berlin of Berlin,Germany and SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities,Wroclaw,Poland,first published in 1992.
Alcohol and sex deals with the effects of the consumption of alcohol on sexual behavior. The effects of alcohol are balanced between its suppressive effects on sexual physiology,which will decrease sexual activity,and its suppression of sexual inhibitions. A large portion of sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator,victim,or both.
Anke A. Ehrhardt is a researcher in the field of sexual and gender development of children,adolescents,and adults. Her research has included a wide range of studies on determinants of sexual risk behavior among children,adolescents,heterosexual women and men,and the gay population,and on comprehensive approaches to preventing HIV and STD infection. Ehrhardt is the Founding Director of the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University,where she has had a particular focus on research and advocacy for female-controlled methods of HIV prevention.
The long-term effects of cannabis have been the subject of ongoing debate. Given that the use of cannabis is illegal in most countries,clinical research presents a challenge and there is limited evidence from which to draw conclusions. In 2017,the U.S. National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine issued a report summarizing much of the published literature on health effects of cannabis,into categories regarded as conclusive,substantial,moderate,limited and of no or insufficient evidence to support an association with a particular outcome.
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HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community,or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
Adolescent sexuality in Canada is not as well documented as adolescent sexuality in the United States;despite the proximity of the two nations,Canada has its own unique culture and generalizations about Canadian adolescent sexuality based on American research can be misleading. Because of this,several surveys and studies have been conducted which acquired information on Canadian adolescent sexuality. Surveys which provide this information include the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS),the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). According to information drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the National Population Health Survey,in 2005 43% of teens aged 15 to 19 reported that they had had sexual intercourse at least once.
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus is a licensed clinical psychologist and professor with the University of California,Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences. Rotheram is the professor-in-residence in the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior. She is the Director of the Global Center for Children and Families at UCLA and the former director of the Center for HIV Identification,Prevention,and Treatment Services.
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William W. Latimer is an infectious disease epidemiologist and academic administrator. He recently served as the 7th President of Chestnut Hill College in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania and previously served as the 14th President of the College of New Rochelle.
Wendee M. Wechsberg is an American biobehavioral social science researcher. She has utilized mixed methods research to develop and evaluate HIV prevention interventions for diverse populations,focusing on underserved women,adolescent girls,and couples who use substances since 1994. She is a pioneer in the scientific field of addressing gender inequalities in relation to the syndemic factors of substance use,HIV,and gender violence. She is known for the creation of the evidence-based Women’s CoOp HIV prevention intervention for women who used crack-cocaine and subsequent age-,gender- and culturally-sensitive global adaptations across more than three decades of HIV research.
Risky sexual behavior is the description of the activity that will increase the probability that a person engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with a sexually transmitted infection will be infected,become unintentionally pregnant,or make a partner pregnant. It can mean two similar things:the behavior itself,and the description of the partner's behavior.
Jeffrey T. Parsons is an American psychologist,researcher,and educator;he was a Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Hunter College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) and was the Director of Hunter College's Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies &Training,which he founded in 1996. Parsons was trained as a developmental psychologist and applied this training to understand health,with a particular emphasis on HIV prevention and treatment. He was known for his research on HIV risk behaviors of gay,bisexual,and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM),HIV-related syndemics,and sexual compulsivity. He resigned his positions at CUNY on July 3,2019,following a year-long university investigation of misconduct allegations against him. In 2023,the U.S. Attorney's Office announced that he was required to pay a $375,000 settlement for engaging in fraud against the federal government for many years.
Lisa Bowleg is an applied social psychologist known for conducting research on intersectionality in social and behavioral science and the relationship between social-contextual factors and stress,resilience,and HIV risk in Black communities.
Marguerita Lightfoot is a counseling psychologist known for her research in the field of preventive medicine,especially in regard to HIV prevention and advocacy for homeless youth. She is Professor of Medicine at the University of California,San Francisco School of Medicine and the Chief of the Division of Prevention Science. She serves on the National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine Committee on Fostering Healthy Mental,Emotional,and Behavioral Development among Children and Youth.
Debra A. Murphy is a Professor Emerita at the University of California,Los Angeles in the Department of Psychiatry.
William Bunker Hansen is a researcher in the field of prevention science. He was a charter member and a vice president of the Society for Prevention Research. In 1993 he founded Tanglewood Research. He has authored over 40 versions of alcohol,tobacco,and other substance abuse prevention programs,most notably the All Stars (Prevention) series of prevention programs.
References
- ↑ Brehaut, Laura. "Would a wad of broccoli convince you to eat ... your broccoli? | The Guardian". www.theguardian.pe.ca. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- 1 2 3 Owermohle, Sarah (16 October 2019). "Why we don't know much about pot". Politico PRO. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- ↑ Weissmann, Jordan (2018-10-07). "What's It Like to Study the Effects of Marijuana in a State Where Cannabis is Legal?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- 1 2 3 Harrar, Sari. "Researchers Find Ways to Probe Cannabis' Health Effects". AARP. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- ↑ "Angela Bryan". Psychology and Neuroscience. 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- 1 2 "Angela Bryan". CUChange. 2016-07-26. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ "APA Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology".
- ↑ "Committee on Scientific Awards Names Recipients". www.apa.org. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Angela Bryan: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology". American Psychologist. 61 (8): 802–804. 2006. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.8.802. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 17115816.
- ↑ Bryan, A. D. (1998). "Psychosocial and contextual determinants of condom use among incarcerated adolescents". Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University.
- ↑ "Neurotree - Angela Bryan Family Tree". neurotree.org. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ Giardina, John (2015-09-11). "Angela Bryan, PhD | Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP)" . Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ "Angela Bryan". Psychology and Neuroscience. 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ↑ "Project Information "ALCOHOL USE AND HIV RISK: AN INTERVENTION" NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ "Project Information "DNA METHYLATION AND CANCER PREVENTION: DURATION AND INTENSITY OF EXERCISE" NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ Bryan, Angela D.; Magnan, Renee E.; Hooper, Ann E. Caldwell; Harlaar, Nicole; Hutchison, Kent E. (2013). "Physical Activity and Differential Methylation of Breast Cancer Genes Assayed from Saliva: A Preliminary Investigation". Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 45 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9411-4. ISSN 0883-6612. PMC 3548059 . PMID 23054940.
- ↑ "Project Information "EXPLORING THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF CANNABIS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO INSULIN SENSITIVITY" NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- ↑ Bryan, Angela; Ray, Lara A.; Cooper, M. Lynne (2007). "Alcohol Use and Protective Sexual Behaviors Among High-Risk Adolescents". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 68 (3): 327–335. doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.327. ISSN 1937-1888. PMID 17446971.
- 1 2 Bryan, Angela; Rocheleau, Courtney A.; Robbins, Reuben N.; Hutchinson, Kent E. (2005). "Condom Use Among High-Risk Adolescents: Testing the Influence of Alcohol Use on the Relationship of Cognitive Correlates of Behavior". Health Psychology. 24 (2): 133–142. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.133. ISSN 1930-7810. PMC 1199528 . PMID 15755227.
- 1 2 Karoly, Hollis C.; Milburn, Michael A.; Brooks-Russell, Ashley; Brown, Mary; Streufert, Jessica; Bryan, Angela D.; Lovrich, Nicholas P.; DeJong, William; Bidwell, L. Cinnamon (2020-09-10). "Effects of High-Potency Cannabis on Psychomotor Performance in Frequent Cannabis Users". Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 7 (1): 107–115. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0048 . ISSN 2578-5125. PMC 8864436 . PMID 33998859.
- 1 2 Price, Stephanie (2020-02-05). "The new 'runner's high': the benefits of mixing cannabis and exercise". Health Europa. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
- ↑ Reynolds, Gretchen (2019-05-08). "The Stoner as Gym Rat (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- 1 2 YorkWilliams, Sophie L.; Gust, Charleen J.; Mueller, Raeghan; Bidwell, L. Cinnamon; Hutchison, Kent E.; Gillman, Arielle S.; Bryan, Angela D. (2019). "The New Runner's High? Examining Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States With Legalized Cannabis". Frontiers in Public Health. 7: 99. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00099 . ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 6503143 . PMID 31114776.
- ↑ Gardiner, Casey K.; Bryan, Angela D. (2017). "Monetary Incentive Interventions Can Enhance Psychological Factors Related to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption". Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 51 (4): 599–609. doi: 10.1007/s12160-017-9882-4 . ISSN 0883-6612. PMID 28176150.
- ↑ Gardiner, Casey K; Hagerty, Sarah L; Bryan, Angela D (2019-10-30). "Stress and number of servings of fruit and vegetables consumed: Buffering effects of monetary incentives". Journal of Health Psychology. 26 (10): 1757–1763. doi: 10.1177/1359105319884620 . ISSN 1359-1053. PMID 31665933. S2CID 204967919.
- ↑ "Stressed? Try rewarding yourself for eating fruits and veggies". Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine. 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
