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Harpaphe haydeniana, commonly known as the yellow-spotted millipede, almond-scented millipede or cyanide millipede, is a species of polydesmidan ("flat-backed") millipede found in the moist forests along the Pacific coast of North America, from Southeast Alaska to California. The dark coloration with contrasting yellow-tipped keels warn of its ability to exude toxic hydrogen cyanide as a defense. The cyanide secretions are not dangerous to humans, but can cause irritation and pain if it contacts sensitive areas such as the mouth, eyes, or nose.
Desmoxytes, whose species are commonly known as the dragon millipedes, is a genus of millipedes of the family Paradoxosomatidae found in Southeast Asia. The genus was described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1923, and reviewed by Sergei Golovatch and Henrik Enghoff in 1994. At least 18 species are known from to Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. One species, D. planata, has also been observed in Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Seychelles, Java, Great Coco Island, and Fiji; however, this species has expanded its range by being transported through human activity. Several species have only recently been discovered, and some have yet to be officially described.
Paradoxosomatidae, the only family in the suborder Paradoxosomatidea, is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. Containing nearly 200 genera and 975 species as of 2013, it is one of the largest families of millipedes. Paradoxosomatids occur on all continents except Antarctica, and can generally be distinguished by dorsal grooves on most body segments and a dumb-bell shaped gonopod aperture. Notable groups within the Paradoxosomatidae include the dragon millipedes of Southeast Asia, and the widely introduced greenhouse millipede Oxidus gracilis.
Casimir Albrecht Willem Jeekel (1922–2010) was a Dutch myriapodologist and entomologist known for his major contributions to the taxonomy of millipedes. His 1971 monograph Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum is credited as launching the "modern era" of millipede taxonomy, and has been considered the "most important single work ever published on the Diplopoda". He served as director of the Zoological Museum Amsterdam, and authored over 150 works on the taxonomy of millipedes and other myriapods.
Anoplodesmus anthracinus is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It was previously thought to confined to Myanmar, the species was reported and documented from Malaysia and Sri Lanka in 2013.
Anoplodesmus humberti is a species of millipede in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus layardi is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus luctuosus is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Ramboda. The species sometimes placed in the genus Polydesmus of the family Polydesmidae.
Anoplodesmus sabulosus, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Kandy.
Anoplodesmus saussurii is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It was once thought endemic to Sri Lanka, but it was later found in Fiji and Mauritius.
Paranedyopus simplex, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first documented from Pundaloya. The species is greatly differ from other members of the genus due to reduced paraterga and more elaborate gonopods.
Leptodesmus thwaitesii, is a species of millipedes in the family Chelodesmidae. It was once thought endemic to Sri Lanka, where first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus stadelmanni, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Chondromorpha xanthotricha, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is native to South India and Sri Lanka. Two subspecies recognized.
Strongylosoma greeni, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first discovered from Pundaluoya, Nuwara Eliya.
Orthomorpha mikrotropis, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Pyragrogonus willeyi, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Singhalorthomorpha cingalensis, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first found from Pundaluoya Valley, Nuwara Eliya.
Singhalorthomorpha serrulata, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first found from Nuwara Eliya.
Strongylosoma nietneri,, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
References
- ↑ "Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka". Research Gate. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ↑ Stoev, Pavel; Golovatch, Sergei (2013). "The millipede family Paradoxosomatidae in the Philippines, with a description of Eustrongylosoma penevi sp.n., and notes on Anoplodesmus anthracinus Pocock, 1895, recorded in Malaysia and Sri Lanka for the first time (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)". Biodiversity Data Journal. 1 (1): e957. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.1.e957 . PMC 3964709 . PMID 24723759.
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