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The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law.
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian State of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters,and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy,an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.
The Supreme Court of the Northern Territory is the superior court for the Australian Territory of the Northern Territory. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters,and hears the most serious criminal matters. It is around the middle of the Australian court hierarchy.
The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the highest court of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters and hears the most serious criminal matters.
The Supreme Court of Norfolk Island is the superior court for the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters and hears the most serious criminal matters. It also has jurisdiction over the Coral Sea Islands Territory. All matters are heard before a single judge,including appeals from the Court of Petty Sessions. In the Australian court hierarchy,it is one of eight state and territory Supreme Courts having unlimited jurisdiction in their respective parts of Australia. Appeal lies to the Federal Court of Australia,from which an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.
The Federal Court of Australia is an Australian superior court which has jurisdiction to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law,along with some summary and indictable criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance mostly by single judges. In cases of importance,a full court comprising three judges can be convened upon determination by the Chief Justice. The Court also has appellate jurisdiction,which is mostly exercised by a Full Court comprising three judges,the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy,the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the supreme courts of each of the states and territories. In relation to the other courts in the federal stream,it is superior to the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia for all jurisdictions except family law. It was established in 1976 by the Federal Court of Australia Act.
The states and territories are the second level of government of Australia. The states are partially sovereign,administrative divisions that are self-governing polities,having ceded some sovereign rights to the federal government. They have their own constitutions,legislatures,executive governments,judiciaries and law enforcement agencies that administer and deliver public policies and programs. Territories can be autonomous and administer local policies and programs much like the states in practice,but are still legally subordinate to the federal government.
Clayton Utz is an Australian law firm headquartered in Sydney. Established in 1833,it is a large-sized firm,known as one of the big six Australian law firms. The firm is recognised for its litigation practice,government clients,pro bono services and high-profile alumni. In 2013,the firm had an annual revenue of $436 million. As of 2021 it had 179 partners and 1,600 personnel in six offices.
The Hon. Honorary Air Commodore Terence John Higgins is an Australian-born judge of the National and Supreme Courts of Papua New Guinea,and a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory.
King &Wood Mallesons (KWM) is an international commercial law firm based in Asia-Pacific. It is the largest international law firm in Asia-Pacific. It has 26 offices and more than 3,000 legal professionals across Australia,China,Hong Kong,Japan,Singapore and the United States.
Peter Ross Awdry Gray joined the Bar in Gray's Inn,London,in 1972 he joined the Victorian Bar and then became a judge of the Federal Court of Australia serving from 17 May 1984 until 17 May 2013.
Melissa Anne Perry is a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia.
Kathleen Farrell is an Australian judge. She has been a judge of the Federal Court of Australia since 2012 and among the very few solicitors to have been appointed directly to the court.
Alan Robertson is a former judge of the Federal Court of Australia. He served as a deputy president of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal,and retired from the Court in May 2020 having reached the mandatory retirement age for federal judicial appointments.
Stewart Maxwell Anderson is an Australian jurist and a judge of the Federal Court of Australia. Formerly a highly regarded barrister experienced in commercial litigation,Anderson was appointed to the Federal Court in 2019.
Michael Bryan Joshua Lee is an Australian jurist and former barrister who has served as a judge of the Federal Court of Australia since 27 March 2017,in the Sydney Registry of the Court. He is a National Coordinating Judge in both the Commercial and Corporations National Practice Area and the Defamation sub-area in the Other Federal Jurisdiction National Practice Area. His Honour is also a long admirer of the Arts,including a tenure as Director of the Bell Shakespeare Company.
Phillip George Evatt,was an Australian naval officer and jurist who serviced as a judge on the Federal Court of Australia from 1977 to 1987. Evatt received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Sydney. He served as lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy from 1940 to 1946,including on the British submarine HMS Tapir. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his part in the sinking of German submarine U-486 in 1945. Evatt was admitted as a barrister in New South Wales in 1951. During his career as a jurist,he served on several courts,including the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory (1976–1987),the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory (1974–1987),and the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (1981–1987). Evatt presided over a Royal Commission into the use of chemical agents in the Vietnam War.
References
- ↑ "Family Notices". Chronicle. 13 May 1954. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ↑ Australia, c\=AU\; co\=Commonwealth of Australia\; ou\=Federal Court of (1 July 2020). "Biography of Justice Besanko". www.fedcourt.gov.au. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Judicial Appointments for Norfolk Island".
- ↑ "New Chief Justice for Supreme Court of Norfolk Island".
- ↑ Administration, ACT Law Courts and Tribunal Administration; PositionTitle=Director; SectionName=ACT Magistrates Court; Corporate=ACT Law Courts and Tribunal (5 May 2023). "Chronological list of Former and Current Judges, Associate Judge and Masters". www.courts.act.gov.au. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 3 "New Judge for the Federal Court of Australia". Parliament of Australia.
- ↑ "Roberts-Smith v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited (No 41) [2023] FCA 555 (Summary)". www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
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