Anton Margaritha (also known as Antony Margaritha, Anthony Margaritha, Antonius Margarita, Antonius Margaritha) (born ca. 1500) was a sixteenth-century Jewish Hebraist and convert to Christianity. He was a possible source for some of Martin Luther's conception of Judaism.
Anton Margaritha's father, Jacob Margolioth, was a Rabbi in Ratisbon, Germany. Anton converted in 1522, being baptized at Wasserburg am Inn, and later became a Lutheran. He suffered imprisonment and then expulsion from Augsburg due to complaints from the Jewish community there and action by Charles V.
Anton Margaritha was a teacher of Hebrew at Augsburg, Meissen, Zell, Leipzig and from 1537 until his death at the University of Vienna. He published the Psalms and Matthew 1:1 through 3:6 in Hebrew in Leipzig (1533). He is best known for the 1530 book Der gantze Jüdisch Glaub (The Whole Jewish Belief). The 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia commented:
He had a public debate in the same year with Josel of Rosheim before Charles V and his court at Augsburg. The dispute terminated in a decisive victory for Josel who obtained Margaritha's expulsion from the realm.
Despite this legal decision, this work would be repeatedly reprinted and cited by antisemites over the coming centuries. Martin Luther read Der Gantze Jüdische Glaube in 1539 [2] before writing his own antisemitic tract On the Jews and Their Lies in 1543. The book was reprinted in 1705 and was cited in Synagoga Judaica (1603) by Johannes Buxtorf.
Leopold Zunz was the founder of academic Judaic Studies, the critical investigation of Jewish literature, hymnology and ritual. Zunz's historical investigations and contemporary writings had an important influence on contemporary Judaism.
Josel of Rosheim was the great advocate ("shtadlan") of the German and Polish Jews during the reigns of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Charles V. Maximilian I appointed him as governor of all Jews of Germany, a position which was confirmed after his death by his grandson, Charles V.
Moritz Steinschneider was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider, who was not only an expert Talmudist, but was also well versed in secular science. The house of the elder Steinschneider was the rendezvous of a few progressive Hebraists, among whom was his brother-in-law, the physician and writer Gideon Brecher.
On the Jews and Their Lies is a 65,000-word anti-Judaic and antisemitic treatise written in 1543 by the German Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483–1546).
Johannes Pfefferkorn was a German Catholic theologian and writer who converted from Judaism. Pfefferkorn actively preached against the Jews and attempted to destroy copies of the Talmud, and engaged in a long running pamphleteering battle with humanist Johann Reuchlin.
Saul Levi Morteira or Mortera was born in Venice, so he was neither a Sephardi or Ashkenazi Jew. He became a prominent figure in the formation of the Portuguese Jewish community in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam and his polemical writings against Catholicism had wide circulation.
Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover was a Polish-Lithuanian rabbi. Among his teachers were Jacob Hoeschel and his son Joshua Hoeschel.
Meyer Kayserling was a German rabbi and historian.
Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German professor of theology, priest and seminal leader of the Reformation. His positions on Judaism continue to be controversial. These changed dramatically from his early career, where he showed concern for the plight of European Jews, to his later years, when embittered by his failure to convert them to Christianity, he became outspokenly antisemitic in his statements and writings.
The history of the Jews in Regensburg, Germany reaches back over 1,000 years. The Jews of Regensburg are part of Bavarian Jewry; Regensburg was the capital of the Upper Palatinate and formerly a free city of the German empire. The great age of the Jewish community in this city is indicated by the tradition that a Jewish colony existed there before the common era; it is undoubtedly the oldest Jewish settlement in Bavaria of which any records exist.
Julius Fürst, born Joseph Alsari, was a Jewish German orientalist and the son of noted maggid, teacher, and Hebrew grammarian Jacob Alsari. Fürst was a distinguished scholar of Semitic languages and literature. During his years as professor in the department of oriental languages and literature at the University of Leipzig (1864–1873), he wrote many works on literary history and linguistics.
Lippmann Moses Büschenthal was a Franco-German rabbi, poet and dramatist of the Haskalah movement. He was born in the Alsatian town of Bischheim, near Strasbourg, on 12 May 1782. In 1799 he married Debora Auerbach, granddaughter of Rabbi David Sinzheim, with whom he had four children. After a short stay in Paris (1807), he left Alsace for Germany, settling first in Neuwied and then Elberfeld, where he worked as a newspaper editor. He then lived in Vienna and Breslau, before finally settling in Berlin shortly before his death.
Max Emanuel Stern, also known as Mendel b'ri Stern, was a Hungarian-born Hebraist, writer, poet, and translator.
Isaiah Beer Bing was a French writer, translator, and Hebraist. He was one of the first members from France of the Haskalah movement.
Kalman Kohn Bistritz was a Hungarian maskilic poet and epigrammatist, who lived at the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was the author of the Purim drama Goral ha-tzaddikim, which appeared in Vienna in 1821. He belonged to the same family as Meir Kohn Bistritz.
Solomon Pappenheim, also known by the acronym Rashap, was a German Maskil, linguist, and poet. He is best known for his three-part study of Hebrew synonyms entitled Yeri'ot Shelomoh.
Josef Flesch was Moravian writer, translator, and merchant. He has been called the "father of the Moravian Haskalah."
Judah ben-Jonah Jeitteles was a Bohemian maskil and Hebrew writer.
Moritz Horschetzky was an Austrian physician, writer, and translator.
Albert Katz, also known by the pen name Ish ha-Ruaḥ, was a Polish-born rabbi, writer, and journalist.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gotthard Deutsch and S. Mannheimer (1901–1906). "Margaritha, Antonius". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.| International | |
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