Ethnographic museum in Piazzetta Antonio Pasqualino , Palermo
Antonio Pasqualino International Puppet Museum
Established
1975
Location
Piazzetta Antonio Pasqualino 5, Palermo
Type
Ethnographic museum
Collections
Objects relevant in the demo-ethno-anthropological field; Opera dei pupi; Italian and international traditional puppet theatre and performing arts; contemporary puppet art.
Collection size
5,000
Founder
Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari
The Antonio Pasqualino International Puppet Museum of Palermo operates in the field of national and international, traditional and contemporary puppetry.
Founded in 1975 by the Association for the Conservation of Popular Traditions, it houses a vast collection of over 5,000 pieces, including marionettes, hand puppets, shadow puppets, and stage machines from all over the world. Among these, the museum preserves the largest and most complete collection of pupi of the Palermo, Catania, and Neapolitan type[1] and constitutes a center for the safeguarding, conservation, enhancement, promotion and dissemination of the heritage linked to this theatrical practice[2] which is representative of the identity of the territory.
The collection is enriched by numerous materials used in the other puppet traditions that, as well as Sicilian Opera dei pupi, have been declared by UNESCO as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity as well as contemporary artist's puppets created as part of the museum's new productions.[3]
For the correlation and synergy between its multiple activities and functions, the Antonio Pasqualino International Puppet Museum, which has become more and more a "performance museum", was awarded the anthropological prize "Costantino Nigra" in 2001 for the museums section and in October 2017 the ICOM Italia Award – "Museum of the Year" which rewarded its attractiveness in relation to the public.[4]
History
The history of the museum is inextricably linked to Antonio Pasqualino, who died in 1995. He was a surgeon and an anthropologist from Palermo. He was a son of the painter Lia Noto and of Guglielmo Pasqualino di Marineo. Pasqualino in the second half of the Twentieth century worked to safeguard, promote and revitalize the Opera dei Pupi in a period of profound crisis for this theatrical practice. In 1965, together with a group of high-brows, he founded the Association for the Conservation of Popular Traditions and, together with his wife, Janne Vibaek collected many testimonies: from stage texts to puppets, theaters and furnishings, saving them from destruction and oblivion.[5]
The economic and social transformation of Italy and Sicily in the middle of the last century caused the distancing of the traditional audience – mainly made up of men from the lower classes, who began to no longer mirror themselves in the models conveyed by the stories and characters of the shows. Empty of their traditional public, the puppeteers from all over Sicily began to close their theaters in search of more profitable activities, often selling or giving away their so-called "mestiere", or the set of theatrical props necessary for the staging of the shows.
After ten years of activity, the association founded the International Puppet Museum, in 1975, with the aim of restoring the heritage that Antonio Pasqualino had acquired in the meantime to Italian citizens: a “mestiere” of the Opera dei pupi pertaining to the Palermo school, belonging to the historic family of Gaspare Canino; and one of the Catania school, coming from the theater of Natale Meli.[6]
Right from the start, the purely museographic activity of conservation and safeguarding of the museum heritage was combined with an intense theatrical activity. OIn the opening year, the first Review of the Opera dei pupi was organized, to which puppeteers from all over Sicily were invited to participate annually. The goal was to strengthen the relationship between Sicilian puppeteers and the public, thus favoring the transmission – still entrusted to orality today – of the vast wealth of knowledge of which they were and are custodians.
In 1985, the Review of the Opera dei pupi became the Morgana Festival,[7] opening up to the traditions of puppetry from other countries of the world and to contemporary art. Even today, the museum annually organizes the Festival, inviting traditional and contemporary companies from Italy and abroad as well as integrating the theatrical programs with related activities including exhibitions, conferences and educational workshops.
The Association for the Conservation of Popular Traditions
The Association for the Conservation of Popular Traditions was established in 1965 by Antonio Pasqualino, with the involvement of a group of scholars and high-brows.
For over fifty years the association has been committed to safeguarding popular traditions and in particular to the safeguarding and promotion of the Opera dei pupi. This commitment becamwìe more evident when it engaged to support[8] the candidacy of the Opera dei pupi aimed at inscribing it in the UNESCO list. Successfully, in May 2001 the Opera dei pupi was declared as a Unesco Masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity, and in 2008, it was registered in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In 2018 the association promoted the establishment of the "Italian network of organizations for the protection, promotion and enhancement of the Opera dei pupi", recognized by the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism as a competent territorial body in the field of safeguard and representative of the tradition of the Sicilian Opera dei pupi. The network brings together 13 Sicilian puppet companies and various Italian cultural and research bodies (including the Central Institute for Intangible Heritage, the Italian Society for Museography and Demo-ethno-anthropological Heritage - SIMBDEA, the Ignazio Buttitta Foundation and the Kiklos Cultural Association). The association, as the reference subject of the network, is responsible for the drafting of the "Plan of Measures for the Safeguarding of the Sicilian Opera dei Pupi[9]" which aims to promote an ''effective plan of actions to safeguard, promote and enhance the element of the Opera dei pupi as part of a governance participation and a sustainable development project, consistent with the Operational Directives of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In addition to this, in 2014 the association was accredited as a consultant non-governmental organization to the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (registration number NGO-90316).[10] In 2015, the association was registered in the National Research Registry of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research – MIUR (identification code 000358_ART3)[11] and since 2018, it is recognized as one of the cultural institutes of significant and ascertained value by the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities; finally, in 2019 it was welcomed in the AICI – Association of Italian Cultural Institutions.[12]
A performance museum
Since its foundation, the International Puppet Museum has combined museum activity with performance:[13] it firstly re-proposed traditional puppet shows, and later also research and innovation performances. Therefore, it was never conceived as a place for the conservation of dead things, but it immediately engages to revitalize traditional performative practices. The annual "Festival di Morgana, previously name Review of the Opera dei pupi, on the one hand allows significant insights into the Sicilian and southern Italian repertoire, on the other hand it helps Sicilian puppeteers find a new professional dignity through the exchange with puppeteers from all over the world and contemporary artists, thus laying the foundations for a study of extra-European theatrical practices both related to puppetry theatre and forms of traditional ritual theater. Since then the theatrical activity of the museum has welcomed the production of innovative shows, in collaboration with writers, painters, visual artists, contemporary musicians (e.g. Calvino, Guttuso, Kantor, Baj, Pennisi). This exchange and collaboration with Italian and foreign companyes in the traditional and contemporary puppet field has allowed the acquisition of works interesting from both an ethno-anthropological and an artistic points of view consolidating the image of the museum as a performance museum engaged with heritage responsibility,[14] which continues its fervent activity between comparative research, museographic experimentation, revival of shows and support for Sicilian puppet companies.
The collection
The exhibition itinerary dysplays a collection consisting of over 5,000 animated figures (pupi, marionettes, hand puppets, shadow puppets), theatrical props and billboards, from Italy and from abroad. Some of them are used the eight traditional puppet theatres of different cultures and countries, that as well as Sicilian Opera dei Pupi, were declared by UNESCO "Masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity", and some contemporary artist's puppets created for the museum's new productions.
The Opera dei pupi and other UNESCO masterpieces
The first nuclei of the museum's collection were formed around the Sicilian Opera dei pupi. Today the museum houses the largest and most complete collection of pupi from Palermo, Catania and Naples[15] and, among other things, it preserves the complete set of materials from three Opera dei pupi theaters: one of the Palermo tradition, which belonged to Gaspare Canino from Alcamo; one of the Catania tradition, which belonged to Natale Meli of Reggio Calabria; one of Neapolitan tradition that belonged to the Perna family of Frattamaggiore. The oldest pupo in the museum is "Carinda", dated to 1828 and once belonged to the Canino family. According to this family oral tradition, this marionette was the first armored pupo built by Don Liberto Canino.
The collection includes marionettes and hand puppets from Northern Italy, Southern Italy (such as the Neapolitan guarrattelle and Sicilian tutui) and other European countries. The museum also exhibits numerous examples from Asia: Indian shadow puppets, Javanese rod puppets (Wayang golek) and two-dimensional figures (Wayang Klitik), string puppets from Burma (Yoke thai tabin) and India (Kathputli), water puppets from Vietnam (Mua roi nuoc), shadow puppets of Malaysia, Siam, and China. A rare puppet is from the New Hebrides (Temes nevinbur).
African animated figures
In Africa puppet theater presents different forms and is linked to both sacred life and enterntainement. The museum exhibits the Malian puppets known as Do: used in the Bambara theater, they are the first African puppet theater to be known in Europe. The aforementioned Gelede from Nigeria-Benin and the Congo rod puppets, called Kebe kebe and used by the Mbochi and Kuyu people, are mainly linked to the cult of their ancestors.
The contemporary section
In the "Winter garden" of the museum, a space also used for temporary installations, and in the other museum's rooms, contemporary works of art are exhibited. They were made for three shows which were produced by the International Puppet Museum between the 1980s and 1990s, in collaboration with international figures. There one may find: the sets made by Renato Guttuso and used in Italo Calvino's Forest-Root-Labyrinth show, directed by Roberto Andò (1987); the puppets and stage machines created by the Polish artist and director Tadeusz Kantor for the show Machine of Love and Death (1987); and the puppets by Enrico Baj made for the show Le bleu-blanc-rouge et le Noir performed by Masimo Schuster's company Arc-en-terre (1990). Recently acquired, we also find the table puppets that Enrico Baj made for two other shows by Massimo Schuster: Roncesvalles and Mahabharata.
Exhibition itinerary
The museum is spread over three levels and houses numerous exhibition spaces, a bookshop, a library, a video library, a tape library and a theatre capable of hosting a substantial theatrical program.
Ground floor
Ticket office
Bookshop
First floor
Wayang kulit and wayang klitik, Indonesian puppet traditions
Sbek Thom, Cambodiand shadow puppets
Tholobomalatta and Togalu bombe, Indian shadow puppets from Andhra Pradesh and Mysore
Second floor
Sceneries, puppets and scenic machinesof the shows:
Foresta, radice, labirinto written by Italo Calvino, scenes by Renato Guttuso, directed by Roberto Andò;
Macchina dell'amore e della morte by Tadeusz Kantor;
Le bleu-blanc-rouge et le Noir by Massimo Schister's company Arc-en-terre, puppets by Enrico Baj;
Roncisvalle and Mahabharata by Massimo Schuster, puppets by Enrico Baj.
The Giuseppe Leggio Library and the Multimedia Archive
The "Giuseppe Leggio" Library is annexed to the museum, which collects thirty thousand volumes on puppets, marionettes and popular traditions. Particularly valuable are the collections of manuscripts of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, belonged to the puppeteers Gaspare Canino and Natale Meli, as well as the collection of knightly handouts published between the end of the Nineteenth and the beginning of the Twentieth century. In particular, the first edition of the History of the Paladins of France by Giusto Lodico is still today the main source for the staging of traditional Opera dei pupi shows. Other sections are dedicated to popular traditions, cultural anthropology, ethnography, museography, linguistics, education, Sicilian history, theatre, art and literature. In 2006 the library became part of the national library center (SBN Center of the Municipal Library of Palermo).[16]
The museum also houses a multimedia archive. The photo library holds photos of the objects for the Inventory and of the installations that have taken place in the various locations of the museum; photos of the shows as well as of the various initiatives carried out over the years with particular reference to study initiatives (conventions, conferences, seminars), exhibitions in Italy and abroad. The audio-video library preserves reels of voice recordings relating to performances of various forms of puppetry, interviews and conferences dating back to the 1960s and already transferred to CD; audio cassette recordings; video-recordings and materials collected in part on behalf of the State Discotheque and in collaboration with the Institute of the History of Popular Traditions of the University of Palermo. These materials have been digitized or are in the process of being digitized and are all available upon request. The multimedia archives are regularly increased thanks to the incessant documentation activity carried out by the association.
Sicily is the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana. The island has 4.8 million inhabitants. Its capital city is Palermo. It is named after the Sicels, who inhabited the eastern part of the island during the Iron Age. Sicily has a rich and unique culture in arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture.
A marionette is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. The attachment of the strings varies according to its character or purpose.
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian. In addition, there are speakers of the Arbëresh variety of Albanian, as well as Calabrian Greek speakers and pockets of Occitan.
Giuseppe Pitrè was an Italian folklorist, medical doctor, professor, and senator for Sicily. As a folklorist he is credited with extending the concept of folklore to include all manifestations of popular life. He is also considered a forerunner in the field of medical history.
The Opera dei Pupi is a marionette theatrical representation of Frankish romantic poems traditionally performed in Sicily, Italy.
Dolores Turchi is an Italian writer.
Sandro Bracchitta is an Italian printmaker.
The Sardinian Ethnographic Museum , is an ethnographic museum in Nuoro, Sardinia. Its goal is to display the traditional life of the island's people.
Antonella Anedda is an Italian poet and essayist.
Carlo Cataldo was an Italian historian, poet, and teacher.
Francesco Maria Mirabella was an Italian historian, educator, and poet.
Monsignor Vincenzo Regina was an Italian presbyter and historian.
Gaspare Canino was an Italian artist and one of the last puppetmasters of the Canino family, working in Alcamo in the province of Trapani; his activity, interrupted in 1970, has been resumed in 1990 by Salvatore Oliveri, his grandson.
The Istituto superiore regionale etnografico is an institution based in Nuoro (Sardinia), established in 1972 by the Regional Council of Sardinia.
The Diocesan Museum of Palermo is a museum of religious art in Palermo on Sicily, housed in a number of rooms in the Palazzo Arcivescovile opposite Palermo Cathedral.
Fortunato Pasqualino was an Italian novelist, philosopher, playwright and journalist.
Judith Cowan is a British artist who lives in London. She works in sculpture, installation, photography, and film.
Mimmo Cuticchio is an Italian cantastorie, puppeteer, actor and playwright.
↑ See Patanè, Francesca. "Il Museo internazionale delle marionette. Una storica eredità". Ateneo palermitano. Mensile d'informazione dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo: Il Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino. No.10. Palermo. pp.4–5.
↑ Paterna, Claudio (April 1991). "Il Museo delle marionette di Palermo. Una palestra per l'educazione permanente". Ciao Sicilia (4): 66–68.
↑ Bonomo, Giuseppe (October 1995). "L'ultima via del cavaliere". Ateneo palermitano. Mensile d'informazione dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo: L Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino (10): 3.
↑ See Giuliano, Selima Giorgia; Sorgi, Orietta; Vibaek, Janne, eds. (2011). Sul filo del racconto: Gaspare Canino e Natale Meli nelle collezioni del Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino (in Italian). Regione Siciliana – CRICD (Centro Regionale per l'inventario, la catalogazione e la documentazione). ISBN978-88-904949-5-6.
↑ See Vita, Emilio (June 1986). "Il Museo internazionale delle marionette". Burattini. Rivista del teatro di figura (8): 29–31.
↑ See Perricone, Rosario, ed. (2021). Plan of Measures for the Safeguarding of the Sicilian Opera dei Pupi (in Italian, English, and French). Palermo: Edizioni Museo Pasqualino. p.255. ISBN9791280664105.
↑ Monacci, Elisabetta. "Tra tradizione e innovazione paladini e pupari". Burattini. Rivista del teatro di figura (8): 34–36.
Andò, Roberto; Janne Vibaek, "The International Museum of Marionettes Antonio Pasqualino", in Palazzotto, Salvatore; Pasqualino, Antonio; Vibaek, Janne, eds. (1997). Historical Sicilian Marionettes. Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari. pp.33–35.
Bonomo, Giuseppe (October 1995). "L'ultima via del cavaliere". Ateneo palermitano. Mensile d'informazione dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo: Il Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino (in Italian) (10): 3.
Carcasio, Maria (ed.). Miti figurati: catalogo della mostra sul restauro-pilota di due cartelli dell'opera dei pupi di tipo catanese: Palermo, Palazzo Steri, 29 dicembre 1997-31 gennaio 1998 (in Italian). Regione siciliana, Assessorato dei beni culturali ed ambientali e della pubblica istruzione.
Clemente Pietro, "Il Museo internazionale delle Marionette di Palermo" in, Clemente, Pietro (1999). Il terzo principio della museografia: antropologia, contadini, musei (in Italian). Rome: Carocci. pp.179–183.
Umbero Eco, "Museo e comunicazione", in Basso Peressut, Luca (1990). Il museo parla al pubblico 1989/1990 - Convegno. Bologna 19-20-21 ottobre 1989 (in Italian). Rome: Editoriale Test. pp.25–32.
Gagliardo, Matilde; Milo, Francesco eds. (2002), documentary film The Childhood of Roland. Antonio Pasqualino and the Opera dei pupi (in Italian, subtitled in English), Associazione per la conservazione delle trazioni popolari, Palermo.
Giuliano, Selima; Sorgi, Orietta; Vibaek, Janne, eds. (2011). Sul filo del racconto. Gaspare Canino e Natale Meli nelle collezioni del Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino, Regione Siciliana. CRicd (Centro Regionale per l'inventario, la catalogazione e la documentazione). ISBN978-88-904949-5-6.
Pasqualino, Antonio (1977). L'Opera dei pupi (in Italian). Palermo: Sellerio.
Pasqualino Antonio, "The International Museum of Marionettes", in Pasqualino, Antonio (2003). The Opera dei Pupi. Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari. pp.41–45.
Paterna, Claudio (April 1991). "ll Museo delle marionette di Palermo. Una palestra per l'educazione permanente". Ciao Sicilia (in Italian) (4): 66–68.
Patanè, Francesca. "Il Museo internazionale delle marionette. Una storica eredità". Ateneo palermitano. Mensile d'informazione dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo: Il Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino (in Italian) (10): 4–5.
Perricone, Rosario, ed. (2004). L'Epos appeso a un filo (in Italian). Palermo: Edizioni Museo Pasqualino. ISBN978-88-97035-24-4.
Perricone, Perricone. "Pasqualino contemporaneo". Antropologia Museale. Etnografie del Contemporaneo IV: Artification at Large (40–42): 115–120.
Perricone, Rosario, "Il Museo Pasqualino. Museo Internazionale delle marionette", in Perricone, Rosario, ed. (2018). La cultura tradizionale in Sicilia: forme, generi, valori (in Italian). Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari. pp.311–315.
Perricone, Rosario, "Il museo della performance", Perricone, Rosario (ed.). XXXII Festival di Morgana. Rassegna di pratiche teatrali tradizionali – Asian theatrical masterpieces (in Italian). Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari. pp.7–11.
Vibaek, Janne. "Foreword", in Pasqualino, Antonio (2003). The Opera dei Pupi. Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari. pp.7–11.
Vibaek, Janne. "Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino". Boccascena, Quaderno Semestrale. Spunti e Materiali per Il Teatro di Figura (in Italian) (5). Milan: 22–25.
Vibaek, Janne (1995). Guida del Museo internazionale delle marionette Antonio Pasqualino (in Italian, English, and French). Palermo: Associazione per la conservazione delle tradizioni popolari.
Vibaek, Janne. "L'opera dei pupi e il Museo internazionale delle marionette", in Carcasio, Maria (ed.). Miti figurati: catalogo della mostra sul restauro-pilota di due cartelli dell'opera dei pupi di tipo catanese: Palermo, Palazzo Steri, 29 dicembre 1997-31 gennaio 1998 (in Italian). Regione siciliana, Assessorato dei beni culturali ed ambientali e della pubblica istruzione. pp.22–25.
Vibaek, Janne. "Il sogno di Antonio Pasqualino. Il Museo Internazionale delle Marionette". Il Pitrè. Quaderni del Museo Etnografico Siciliano, Year III – April–June 2002 (9): 35–40.
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