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The history of the Kyrgyz people and the land now called Kyrgyzstan goes back more than 3,000 years. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous location,it had an important role as part of the historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads,who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates,have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century,Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols;subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks,Manchus,and Uzbeks. In 1876,it became part of the Russian Empire,remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic after the Russian Revolution. Following Mikhael Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR,in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991,Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow,and a democratic government was subsequently established.
The politics of Kyrgyzstan,officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic,takes place in the framework of a presidential system representative democratic republic,whereby the President is head of state and the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Kyrgyzstan an "authoritarian regime" in 2022.
Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan,located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of 322,164 in 2021,comprising Kyrgyz,Uzbeks,Ukrainians,Koreans,and other smaller ethnic groups.
The Tulip Revolution or First Kyrgyz Revolution led to President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on February 27 and March 13,2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev,his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On April 4,2005,at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow,Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on April 11,2005.
The president of Kyrgyzstan,officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic,is the head of state and head of government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The president directs the executive branch of the national government,is the commander-in-chief of the Kyrgyz military and also heads the National Security Council.
Razzakov,formerly known as Isfana,is a small town in the extreme western end of Batken Region in southern Kyrgyzstan. The town is located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley,in a region surrounded on three sides by Tajikistan. It was renamed by President Sadyr Japarov in honour of Iskhak Razzakov on March 18,2022.
The Supreme Council is the unicameral parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991.
A new constitution of Kyrgyzstan was passed by referendum on 21 October 2007. It is based on the first post-Soviet constitution originally adopted on 5 May 1993.
The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic,also known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic or Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic,was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. It was also known by the names Kyrgyzstan and Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Kyrgyz language,and as Kirghizia and Soviet Kirghizia in the Russian language. Landlocked and mountainous,it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south,Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.
Pakistan formally consummated diplomatic ties with Kyrgyzstan on May 10,1992,although relations were initially founded on December 20,1991,shortly after Kyrgyzstan became independent of the Soviet Union. Consequently,Pakistan opened its diplomatic outpost in Bishkek in 1995.
Myktybek Yusupovich Abdyldayev is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan as deputy for the Bir Bol party.
Salaydin Abdirayevich Aydarov is a Kyrgyz politician and ex-civil servant,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Janarbek Kubanychovich Akayev is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Nurbek Kaaryevich Alimbekov is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Osmonbek Mambetzhanovich Artykbayev is a Kyrgyz politician,and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan.
Aidar Askarevich Akayev was a Kyrgyz businessman and public figure. He was the son of former President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev and the first husband of Aliya Nazarbayeva,the youngest daughter of former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Colonel General Abdygul Abdrashitovich Chotbaev is a retired Kyrgyz general and politician who served as the 1st Commander of the National Guard of Kyrgyzstan.
The Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR was the supreme soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic,which was a constituent republics of the Soviet Union. The Soviet was purely ceremonial as power was concentrated in the Communist Party of Kirghizia (CPK).
Birimdik officially the Party of Democratic Socialism—Eurasian Choice "Birimdik" is a pro-Jeenbekov political party in Kyrgyzstan,founded in 2005 as the Birimdik Democratic Party. On May 8,2013 it was registered with the current name. The party includes many former officials and deputies.
Baktybek A. Amanbaev has served as Kyrgyz ambassador to the United States and Canada since April 2021.
References
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- 1 2 3 "Анвар Артыкович Артыков". StanRadar (in Russian). Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Артыков Анвар Артыкович". Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan . Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ Kimmage, Daniel (23 March 2005). "Analysis: Uneasy Days In Kyrgyzstan". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ↑ "Президент снял Анвара Артыкова с должности губернатора". Komsomolskaya Pravda (in Russian). 12 December 2005. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ↑ Weber, Ryan (29 November 2010). "Minority Representation Paltry in Kyrgyzstan's New Parliament". EurasiaNet . Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ↑ "Ten Kyrgyz Opposition Parliament Deputies Defect To Majority". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 15 April 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ↑ "Kyrgyzstan: How Real are Uzbek Minority Concerns?". Institute for War & Peace Reporting. 13 June 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2018.