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All 120 seats in the Supreme Council 61 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 58.89% ( 2.11pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2015.
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All 120 seats in the Supreme Council 61 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 58.89% ( 2.11pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2015.
The 120 seats in the Supreme Council were elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, with an electoral threshold of 7% on the national level, as well as 0.7% on each of the nine provinces. No party is allowed to hold more than 65 seats. [1] Party lists were required to have at least 30% of the candidates from each gender, and every fourth candidate had to be of a different gender. Each list was also required to have at least 15% of the candidates being from ethnic minorities. [1]
Biometric voter registration was introduced following claims of vote rigging in previous elections. [2]
Several political parties were formed in the run-up to the elections, often as an attempt by wealthy Kyrgyz to further their own interests. [2] Incumbent Prime Minister Temir Sariyev claimed that places on party lists were sold to bidders, with rumours circulating that a high place on a party's list cost between $500,000 and £1,000,000. [2]
Over 10% of prospective candidates were prevented from running due to criminal convictions, whilst one party's leader, a former boxer, was banned after it was claimed they beat up a rival candidate. [2]
Although there were some reports of voter fraud, [3] the OSCE mission stated that the elections had been "lively and competitive" and "unique in this region", whilst the PACE mission stated that voters had "made their choice freely among a large number of contestants." [4]
However, the OSCE noted problems with the biometric voter registration, with many people not having registered in time to receive their ID cards. [4] The Council of Europe raised concerns regarding transparency of campaigns and party financing, stating that it should be improved. [4]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Social Democratic Party | 435,968 | 27.35 | 38 | +12 | |
| Respublika–Ata Zhurt | 320,115 | 20.08 | 28 | –23 | |
| Kyrgyzstan Party | 206,094 | 12.93 | 18 | New | |
| Onuguu–Progress | 148,279 | 9.30 | 13 | New | |
| Bir Bol | 135,875 | 8.52 | 12 | New | |
| Ata Meken Socialist Party | 123,055 | 7.72 | 11 | –7 | |
| United Kyrgyzstan–Emgek | 97,869 | 6.14 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zamandash | 43,405 | 2.72 | 0 | 0 | |
| Uluu Kyrgyzstan | 23,899 | 1.50 | 0 | New | |
| Ar-Namys | 12,807 | 0.80 | 0 | –25 | |
| Meken Yntymagy | 12,679 | 0.80 | 0 | New | |
| Congress of the Peoples of Kyrgyzstan | 9,619 | 0.60 | 0 | New | |
| Aalam | 6,398 | 0.40 | 0 | New | |
| Azattyk | 5,355 | 0.34 | 0 | New | |
| Against all | 12,428 | 0.78 | – | – | |
| Total | 1,593,845 | 100.00 | 120 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 1,593,845 | 98.01 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 32,410 | 1.99 | |||
| Total votes | 1,626,255 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,761,297 | 58.89 | |||
| Source: CEC | |||||
The politics of Kyrgyzstan, officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic, takes place in the framework of a presidential system representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Kyrgyzstan an "authoritarian regime" in 2022.
Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a tenure of single six-year term by the people. The Supreme Council is composed of 120 members filled by proportional representation.
Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament, which is divided into two bodies, the Majilis and the Senate. Local elections for maslihats are held every five years.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The belief that the elections had been rigged by the government led to widespread protests, culminating in the Tulip Revolution on 24 March in which President Askar Akayev was overthrown.
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 July 2005. The result was a landslide victory for acting President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, marking the end of his interim government formed after the previous president, Askar Akayev, was overthrown in the revolution in March 2005.
The Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan was a political party in Kyrgyzstan. Members formed the party on 1 October 1993, but did not register with the Justice Ministry until 16 December 1994. Abdygany Erkebaev served as the party's first chairman. Almazbek Atambayev replaced him on 30 July 1999. The majority of the party's membership is drawn from the country's entrepreneurs. Currently party is known as Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan) and its active party chairman is Temirlan Sultanbekov.
The Supreme Council is the unicameral parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991.
Almazbek Sharshen uulu Atambayev is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1 December 2011 to 24 November 2017. He was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 17 December 2010 to 1 December 2011, and from 29 March 2007 to 28 November 2007. He served as Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) from 30 July 1999 to 23 September 2011.
A constitutional referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan on 21 October 2007, following the constitutional crisis caused by amendments passed since the Tulip Revolution in 2005 being invalidated by the Constitutional Court of Kyrgyzstan on 14 September 2007. Voters were asked whether questions on a new constitution and electoral law. Both were approved by over 95% of voters.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 16 December 2007. The election was called by President Kurmanbek Bakiyev after the constitutional referendum on 21 October 2007 approved a new electoral system and constitutional reform proposals, enlarging the parliament to 90 MPs and introducing party-list voting.
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 23 July 2009. The date was set after the constitutional court ruled that the extension of the presidential term from four to five years did not apply until the next presidential election, calling for elections by 25 October 2009; in response, a parliament committee proposed the July election date, which was then passed by the incumbent president Kurmanbek Bakiyev's Ak Jol-dominated parliament. Bakiyev had previously announced his intention to run for reelection. Bakiyev was re-nominated on 1 May 2009.
Ata-Zhurt is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. Its political base is in the south of the country, but the party is headquartered in the capital, Bishkek. In 2014, it merged with the Respublika party to create Respublika–Ata Zhurt, but the two parties ended up splitting again four months before the parliamentary elections of 2020, in which Ata-Zhurt instead formed a joint list with Mekenim Kyrgyzstan. After the results of that vote were annulled, Ata-Zhurt contested the 2021 elections independently and came in first with 19% of the vote. The party is led by Kamchybek Tashiyev, and has previously supported the ousted former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.
Presidential elections were held in Azerbaijan on 9 October 2013. The result was a victory for incumbent President Ilham Aliyev, who received a reported 85% of the vote, whilst leading opposition candidate Jamil Hasanli finished second with a reported 6% of the vote.
Kyrgyzstan is an eponymously-named centrist political party in Kyrgyzstan. It was established in May 2015, by Kanatbek Isaev, a former Respublika Member of Parliament. It is viewed as "utterly apolitical" and focuses on supporting the government of Kyrgyz President Sooronbay Jeenbekov.
Bakyt Ergeshevich Torobayev is a Kyrgyz politician who has been the leader of the Onuguu-Progress party since 2013.
United Kyrgyzstan is a nationalist political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in 2010. It is generally more popular in the south of the country. The party is led by Adakhan Madumarov, who unsuccessfully ran for president of Kyrgyzstan in 2011 and 2017, coming second and third, respectively. It holds an ethnic nationalist ideology and supports a presidential system of government. The party was originally created to support Kyrgyz migrant laborers in Russia. The party won its first seats in the Supreme Council in the October 2020 parliamentary election, which was subsequently annulled. The party passed the 3% threshold in the 2021 parliamentary election and therefore is represented in the national legislature.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020. The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was subsequently annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests.
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 28 November 2021. They followed the annulment of the results of the October 2020 elections and the subsequent protests against the election's conduct. Six parties passed the 5% threshold needed to win seats in the parliament. Turnout hit a record low at less than 35%.
Snap presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 January 2021, alongside a constitutional referendum. The elections were called early following the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov in the wake of the 2020 Kyrgyzstani protests.
The Social Democrats is a political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in late 2019 by supporters of former President Almazbek Atambayev – legal successor from the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDKP). After a conflict between Atambaev and his successor President Sooronbai Jeenbekov emerged and deepened in 2018, Atambayev accused of Jeenbekov in attempting to seize authority over the SDKP, a party that Atambayev himself formed in 1990s and served as a leader of. The SDK participated in the annulled 2020 parliamentary election. Current party leader is Temirlan Sultanbekov.
| Presidential elections | |
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| Parliamentary elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Referendums | |
