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| Turnout | 86.19% | ||||||||||||||||
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| Constitution |
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 24 December 1995. The result was a victory for incumbent President Askar Akayev, who received 72% of the vote. Voter turnout was reported to be 86%. [1]
Three candidates appeared on the ballot. Askar Akayev, the incumbent, was widely favored to win. His campaign emphasized job creation and infrastructure modernization. He was most popular in the north, where he is from, and among the Russian minority. His main opponent was Absamat Masaliyev, the former leader of communist Kyrgyzstan. He opposed Akayev's reforms, especially land privatization, and advocated a return to a more Soviet-style economy. His base of support was in the south, but his platform was widely unpopular among the Kyrgyz people. The third candidate was Medetkan Sherimkulov, who supported a more moderate left-wing program, including free healthcare and education. However, his support of removing Russian as a state language alienated him from the Russian-speaking minority. [2]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Askar Akayev | Birimdik–DPZh | 1,391,114 | 72.45 | |
| Absamat Masaliyev | Party of Communists | 474,547 | 24.71 | |
| Medetkan Sherimkulov | Independent | 33,499 | 1.74 | |
| Against all | 21,063 | 1.10 | ||
| Total | 1,920,223 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,920,223 | 98.82 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 22,854 | 1.18 | ||
| Total votes | 1,943,077 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,254,348 | 86.19 | ||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | ||||
The history of the Kyrgyz people and the land now called Kyrgyzstan goes back more than 3,000 years. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous location, it had an important role as part of the historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century, Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols; subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks, Manchus, and Uzbeks. In 1876, it became part of the Russian Empire, remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic after the Russian Revolution. Following Mikhael Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow, and a democratic government was subsequently established.
The politics of Kyrgyzstan, officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic, takes place in the framework of a presidential system representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Kyrgyzstan an "authoritarian regime" in 2022.
Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the capital and largest city of the country. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east and southeast. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's 7 million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians.
Askar Akayevich Akayev is a Kyrgyz politician who served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until being overthrown in the March 2005 Tulip Revolution.
Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The belief that the elections had been rigged by the government led to widespread protests, culminating in the Tulip Revolution on 24 March in which President Askar Akayev was overthrown.
The Tulip Revolution or First Kyrgyz Revolution led to President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on February 27 and March 13, 2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On April 4, 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on April 11, 2005.
The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic, is the head of state and head of government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The president directs the executive branch of the national government, is the commander-in-chief of the Kyrgyz military and also heads the National Security Council.
Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev was the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kirghizia from November 1985 until Kyrgyz independence, and led the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan afterwards.
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 July 2005. The result was a landslide victory for acting President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, marking the end of his interim government formed after the previous president, Askar Akayev, was overthrown in the revolution in March 2005.
Bayaman Erkinbayev was a top Kyrgyzstani lawmaker and parliamentary deputy, who was the driving force behind the riots in southern Kyrgyzstan that led to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev on March 24, 2005. One of the richest businessman in the country, he funded the Central Asian state's Socialist Party. He had announced his candidacy for the presidency in the July 2005 elections, but bowed down long before the vote, when his party supported former security chief and Bishkek mayor, Felix Kulov.
The Supreme Council is the unicameral parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991.
German Serapionovich Kuznetsov is Russian politician. He was Vice President of Kyrgyzstan from 1991 to 1992 under Askar Akayev.
Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations are the relations between the two countries, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. Russia has an embassy in Bishkek and a consulate in Osh, and Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Moscow, a consulate in Ekaterinburg, and a vice-consulate in Novosibirsk.
Bakyt Beshimov is a leader of parliamentary fraction and deputy chairman of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan. Bakyt Beshimov is a prominent opposition leader, famous for his liberal views, and speaking out against Kurmanbek Bakiyev's and Askar Akayev's regimes.
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 29 October 2000. The result was a victory for incumbent President Askar Akayev, who was re-elected with 76% of the vote. International election monitors described the vote as failing to meet international standards. Voter turnout was 78%.
Ömürbek Toktogulovich Babanov is a Kyrgyz politician who served twice as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan in 2011–12.
Myktybek Yusupovich Abdyldayev is a Kyrgyz politician, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan as deputy for the Bir Bol party.
Anvar Artykovich Artykov is a Kyrgyz politician, and current member of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan. Artykov served as governor of Osh Region between March and December 2005, and was previously a deputy between 1990 and 2000.
This article is a list of events in the year 2005 in Kyrgyzstan.
Aidar Askarevich Akayev was a Kyrgyz businessman and public figure. He was the son of former President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev and the first husband of Aliya Nazarbayeva, the youngest daughter of former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
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| Parliamentary elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Referendums | |
