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All 120 seats in the Supreme Council 61 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 56.50% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 4 October 2020. [1] The results showed that pro-government parties had won a supermajority of seats. The election was subsequently annulled by the Central Election Commission during the 2020 Kyrgyzstan protests. [2]
Due to party infighting between supporters of current President Sooronbay Jeenbekov and former President Almazbek Atambayev, the governing Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan did not contest the election, and new parties split off and ran in their stead: the pro-Jeenbekov Unity, and the pro-Atambayev Social Democrats of Kyrgyzstan. Ata-Zhurt, which had previously split with the Respublika Party, partnered up with Mekenim Kyrgyzstan and both parties ran under the latter's name. The Ata Meken Socialist Party entered into a coalition called "New Breath" with the Liberal Democratic Party, New Breath Youth Association, and the Association "Green Alliance of Kyrgyzstan". [3]
The elections took place during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 120 seats in the Supreme Council are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency. To win seats, parties must pass a national electoral threshold of 7% of the votes cast, [4] and receive at least 0.7% of the vote in each of the seven regions. [5] No one party is allowed to hold more than 65 seats. [6] Party lists are required to have at least 30% of the candidates from each gender, and every fourth candidate had to be of a different gender. Each list is also required to have at least 15% of the candidates being from ethnic minorities and 15% of under 35 years old, as well as at least two candidates with disabilities. [6] [7]
Several opposition parties called on the government to postpone the election due to the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the campaign period in September.[ citation needed ]
During the elections, several parties were accused of buying votes. [8] Several journalists also reported that they had been harassed or attacked. [9] The costs associated with filing to run for the elections and campaigning were also criticized, with critics saying it was impossible for smaller parties without ties to an oligarch to afford. [10]
Unity received a plurality of votes, beating out the Ata-Zhurt–Mekenim Kyrgyzstan alliance by under one percent, with 46 seats. Ata-Zhurt–Mekenim Kyrgyzstan received 45 seats, while other parties lagged behind. The Kyrgyzstan Party received 16 seats, while United Kyrgyzstan entered parliament for the first time with 13. Several other parties failed to meet the 7% threshold, including Ata Meken, which had been a part of every parliament since the 2010 Kyrgyz Revolution.
Out of the parties that made it into parliament, only United Kyrgyzstan consistently opposes the incumbent government led by President Jeenbekov. [11]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Unity | 487,685 | 24.90 | 46 | New | |
| Mekenim Kyrgyzstan | 475,372 | 24.27 | 45 | New | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 174,317 | 8.90 | 16 | –2 | |
| United Kyrgyzstan | 141,940 | 7.25 | 13 | +13 | |
| Mekenchil | 136,276 | 6.96 | 0 | New | |
| Respublika | 115,288 | 5.89 | 0 | New | |
| Ata Meken Socialist Party | 80,279 | 4.10 | 0 | –11 | |
| Light of Faith | 66,747 | 3.41 | 0 | New | |
| Bir Bol | 60,305 | 3.08 | 0 | –12 | |
| Great Crusade | 46,568 | 2.38 | 0 | New | |
| Zamandash | 42,862 | 2.19 | 0 | 0 | |
| Social Democrats | 42,460 | 2.17 | 0 | New | |
| Reform Party | 32,795 | 1.67 | 0 | New | |
| Homeland Accord | 12,468 | 0.64 | 0 | New | |
| The Centre | 4,395 | 0.22 | 0 | New | |
| Party of Veterans of the Afghan War | 3,459 | 0.18 | 0 | New | |
| Against all | 35,714 | 1.82 | – | – | |
| Total | 1,958,930 | 100.00 | 120 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 1,958,930 | 98.40 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 31,823 | 1.60 | |||
| Total votes | 1,990,753 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,523,554 | 56.50 | |||
| Source: CEC, CEC (98.14% counted) | |||||
The Ata Meken Socialist Party and the Social Democrats both disputed the results, and staged a brief protest in Bishkek. One other party also disputed the result. [12] Around 4,000 people also staged a protest in Bishkek when the results were announced, with smaller protests held in two other cities. Around 16 people were injured as police attempted to disperse the crowds. A total of 12 parties also signed a document urging the government to annul the elections as a result of irregularities and hold new ones. [13] One group protesting in Bishkek managed to free ex-President Atambayev from jail on late in the night on 5 October, where he had been serving an 11-year-and-two-month sentence for a corruption since June. Protestors also occupied the building housing the parliament and presidential administration. [14] There were also reports that part of the parliament building was set ablaze. Protests continued throughout the day on 6 October, eventually resulting in one death and around 590 injuries. [10] A further several hundred were injured on the following day as well as protests continued. Atambayev was re-arrested on 10 October.
Following continued protests, the results were annulled by the Central Election Commission on 6 October. [2] Prime Minister Kubatbek Boronov and parliament speaker Dastan Jumabekov also tendered their resignation on 6 October. The parliament announced opposition figure Sadyr Zhaparov of the nationalist Patriotic party as acting Prime Minister, and Myktybek Abdyldayev as the new speaker of parliament. Zhaparov had been serving an 11-year and six-month prison sentence for taking a government official hostage in 2013 until his appointment. The mayors of Bishkek and Osh, as well as the governors of the Naryn, Talas, and Issyk-Kul regions also resigned. A group of 13 opposition parties said that they had formed the Coordinating Council of Popular Trust which would assume responsibility for formulating ideas to find a way out of the deadlock. [10] It was later announced that Zhaparov did not have the backing of enough parties to be installed as the new PM, resulting in further confusion. Zhaparov eventually ended up being elected PM with the necessary quorum (51 MPs were present and 10 were voting by proxy) in the early hours of the morning on 11 October. President Jeenbekov vetoed the nomination on 12 October, but later accepted it after parliament voted to confirm him again on 13 October. Abdyldayev resigned as speaker on 10 October only a few days after he was appointed, with Kanatbek Isaev taking over the speakership on 13 October.
On 15 October President Jeenbekov announced that he would resign to prevent further bloodshed. His resignation will take effect should parliament approve it. [15] [16] It was approved on 16 October, and Prime Minister Zhaparov was installed as interim President by the parliament until new elections could be held, despite the Kyrgyz Constitution saying that the next person in the line of succession is the speaker of the parliament. Speaker Isaev had previously stated that he was not interested in the position.
New elections were tentatively scheduled for 20 December, [17] but were later pushed back to no later than June 2021 so constitutional reform could be enacted. They were subsequently held in November 2021 following a referendum that reintroduced a presidential system.
The history of the Kyrgyz people and the land now called Kyrgyzstan goes back more than 3,000 years. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous location, it had an important role as part of the historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history. In the 13th century, Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Mongols; subsequently it regained independence but was invaded by Kalmyks, Manchus, and Uzbeks. In 1876, it became part of the Russian Empire, remaining in the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic after the Russian Revolution. Following Mikhael Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the USSR, in 1990 pro-independence candidate Askar Akayev was elected president of the SSR. On 31 August 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow, and a democratic government was subsequently established.
The politics of Kyrgyzstan, officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic, takes place in the framework of a presidential system representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Kyrgyzstan an "authoritarian regime" in 2022.
Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a tenure of single six-year term by the people. The Supreme Council is composed of 120 members filled by proportional representation.
Omurbek Chirkeshovich Tekebayev is a Kyrgyz politician. He was Speaker of the Kyrgyz Parliament from March 2005 to March 2006. Tekebaev is the leader of the Ata-Meken socialist party. Currently serves as ambassador of Kyrgyz Republic to Federal Republic of Germany.
The Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan was a political party in Kyrgyzstan. Members formed the party on 1 October 1993, but did not register with the Justice Ministry until 16 December 1994. Abdygany Erkebaev served as the party's first chairman. Almazbek Atambayev replaced him on 30 July 1999. The majority of the party's membership is drawn from the country's entrepreneurs. Currently party is known as Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan) and its active party chairman is Temirlan Sultanbekov.
The Supreme Council is the unicameral parliament of the Kyrgyz Republic. It was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic until 1991.
Almazbek Sharshen uulu Atambayev is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1 December 2011 to 24 November 2017. He was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 17 December 2010 to 1 December 2011, and from 29 March 2007 to 28 November 2007. He served as Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) from 30 July 1999 to 23 September 2011.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 16 December 2007. The election was called by President Kurmanbek Bakiyev after the constitutional referendum on 21 October 2007 approved a new electoral system and constitutional reform proposals, enlarging the parliament to 90 MPs and introducing party-list voting.
Early presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 30 October 2011 to replace Interim President Roza Otunbayeva. Former Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan won in the first round.
Early parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 10 October 2010. All 120 seats of the Supreme Council were elected by the party list system. Seats were allocated to all parties who obtained more than 5% of the vote overall and more than 0.5% in each of the nine provinces, capped at 65 seats per party.
Ata-Zhurt is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. Its political base is in the south of the country, but the party is headquartered in the capital Bishkek. The party is led by Kamchybek Tashiyev, and has previously supported the ousted former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.
Sooronbay Şarip uulu Jeenbekov is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the 5th President of Kyrgyzstan from 2017 until his resignation in 2020, following a week of protests. Prior to that he served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from April 2016 to August 2017.
Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 15 October 2017. Incumbent President Almazbek Atambayev was not allowed to run again because the constitution sets a single six-year term for the head of state. Eleven candidates registered for the race, and from this field Sooronbay Jeenbekov of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan won more than 50% of the vote, avoiding a runoff. Following certification of the results on 30 October, Jeenbekov was inaugurated as President of Kyrgyzstan on 24 November.
United Kyrgyzstan is a nationalist political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in 2010. It is generally more popular in the south of the country. The party is led by Adakhan Madumarov, who unsuccessfully ran for president of Kyrgyzstan in 2011 and 2017, coming second and third, respectively. It holds an ethnic nationalist ideology and supports a presidential system of government. The party was originally created to support Kyrgyz migrant laborers in Russia. The party won its first seats in the Supreme Council in the October 2020 parliamentary election, which was subsequently annulled. The party passed the 3% threshold in the 2021 parliamentary election and therefore is represented in the national legislature.
Chynybai Akunovich Tursunbekov was a Kyrgyz politician.
Birimdik officially the Party of Democratic Socialism—Eurasian Choice "Birimdik" is a pro-Jeenbekov political party in Kyrgyzstan, founded in 2005 as the Birimdik Democratic Party. On May 8, 2013 it was registered with the current name. The party includes many former officials and deputies.
Mekenim Kyrgyzstan is a centre-right political party in Kyrgyzstan which was founded in 2015. In August 2020, Ata-Zhurt announced it would be running on a joint list with the party for the upcoming elections. The party is viewed as supportive of Kyrgyz President Sooronbay Jeenbekov.
The 2020 Kyrgyz Revolution, also known as the Third Kyrgyz Revolution, began on 5 October 2020, in response to the previous day's parliamentary election that was perceived by protestors as unfair, with allegations of vote rigging. The results of the election were annulled on 6 October 2020. On 12 October 2020, President Jeenbekov announced a state of emergency in the capital city of Bishkek, which was approved by Parliament the following day. Jeenbekov resigned on 15 October 2020.
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 28 November 2021. They followed the annulment of the results of the October 2020 elections and the subsequent protests against the election's conduct. Six parties passed the 5% threshold needed to win seats in the parliament. Turnout hit a record low at less than 35%.
The Social Democrats is a political party in Kyrgyzstan founded in late 2019 by supporters of former President Almazbek Atambayev - legal successor from the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDKP). After a conflict between Atambaev and his successor President Sooronbai Jeenbekov emerged and deepened in 2018, Atambayev accused of Jeenbekov in attempting to seize authority over the SDKP, a party that Atambayev himself formed in 1990s and served as a leader of. The SDK participated in the annulled 2020 parliamentary election. Current party leader is Temirlan Sultanbekov.
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