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Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries. This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types, and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. These lesions may lead to narrowing of the arterial walls due to buildup of atheromatous plaques. At onset there are usually no symptoms, but if they develop, symptoms generally begin around middle age. In severe cases, it can result in coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney disorders, depending on which body part(s) the affected arteries are located in the body.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.
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The lipid hypothesis is a medical theory postulating a link between blood cholesterol levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. A summary from 1976 described it as: "measures used to lower the plasma lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia will lead to reductions in new events of coronary heart disease". It states, more concisely, that "decreasing blood cholesterol [...] significantly reduces coronary heart disease".
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The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a multi-site, prospective, biracial cohort study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. The ARIC Study was designed to investigate the etiology and clinical outcomes of atherosclerosis. A total of 15,792 middle-aged men and women were enrolled from four U.S. communities:
Dr. Moyses Szklo is a Brazilian epidemiologist and physician scientist. He is currently University Distinguished Service Professor of Epidemiology and Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University, Editor-in-chief Emeritus of the American Journal of Epidemiology, and director of the Johns Hopkins Summer Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Szklo has published over 300 articles in peer-reviewed journals as well as a major textbook of epidemiology. He has led several major epidemiologic societies and studies and has been lecturing and leading courses all over the world, including Spain, Italy, Israel, Brazil, and Mexico.
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is an ongoing medical study which aims to investigate the characteristics of subclinical atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and to determine risk factors for its progression to the clinically overt form of these diseases. Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, MESA was begun in July 2000, and it follows a population-based sample of 6,814 American men and women aged 45 to 84, recruited from six field centers. The diverse sample consists of 38% White subjects, 28% African American, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Asian. Over 1,000 peer-reviewed papers have been published based on MESA and its 145 independent ancillary studies.
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Elizabeth Louise Barrett-Connor was Chief of the Division of Epidemiology and Distinguished Professor at the University of California, San Diego. She investigated the role of hormones in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis.
Erin Kathleen Donnelly Michos is an American cardiologist. She is an associate professor of Medicine and Director of Women's Cardiovascular Health at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Michos is also an Associate Faculty of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins, and has a joint faculty appointment in the Department of Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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Josef Coresh is an American epidemiologist. He is the Terry and Mel Karmazin Professor of Population Health, a Professor in the Department of Medicine, and the Founding Director of the Optimal Aging Institute at NYU Langone Health. He was previously the inaugural George W. Comstock Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University, and the director of both the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Training Program and the George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
Lynda D. Lisabeth is an American epidemiologist who is Professor and Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs in the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan. Her research considers the epidemiology of stroke in the United States, and she has worked with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke on the advancement of stroke research.
Rodney Thornton Jackson is a New Zealand medically trained epidemiologist who has had lead roles in publicly funded research focussing on systems to effectively identify risk factors in the epidemiology of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This involved linking large cohort studies to regional and national electronic health databases and enabling the generation of new risk-prevention equations using web-based tools, such as the PREDICT model, to implement, monitor and improve risk assessment and management guidelines. Research on asthma in which Jackson participated influenced decisions made by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, and he has contributed to public debate on dietary risk factors for heart attacks and strokes. Following an evidence-based approach to identification of disparities in medical outcomes for different groups within the New Zealand population, Jackson took a position on racism in the medical sector. In 2020, he became a frequent commentator in the media on the approach of the New Zealand government to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 1999, Jackson has been professor of epidemiology at the University of Auckland.
Shih-Jen Hwang is a Taiwanese-American biostatistician and epidemiologist. She is a staff scientist in the Laboratory for Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genomics at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. She is an investigator on the Framingham Heart Study.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "SOPH Associate Dean for DEI, Dr. April Carson, to begin role as Director of the Jackson Heart Study - School of Public Health | UAB". www.uab.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
- ↑ "April Carson, PhD MSPH - School of Medicine - Comprehensive Diabetes Center | UAB". www.uab.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
- 1 2 Carson, April P.; Rose, Kathryn M.; Catellier, Diane J.; Kaufman, Jay S.; Wyatt, Sharon B.; Diez–Roux, Ana V.; Heiss, Gerardo (April 2007). "Cumulative Socioeconomic Status Across the Life Course and Subclinical Atherosclerosis". Annals of Epidemiology. 17 (4): 296–303. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.009. PMID 17027292.
- ↑ Carson, April Perry (2005). Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status across the life course and subclinical atherosclerosis (Ph.D. thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. OCLC 80721608.
- 1 2 "NHLBI announces new director of the Jackson Heart Study". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. September 16, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . - ↑ Cooney, Elizabeth (2021-10-05). "New Jackson Heart Study leader commits to putting research into action". STAT. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
- ↑ Churchwell, Keith; Elkind, Mitchell S.V.; Benjamin, Regina M.; Carson, April P.; Chang, Edward K.; Lawrence, Willie; Mills, Andrew; Odom, Tanya M.; Rodriguez, Carlos J.; Rodriguez, Fatima; Sanchez, Eduardo (2020-12-15). "Call to Action: Structural Racism as a Fundamental Driver of Health Disparities: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 142 (24): e454–e468. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000936 . PMID 33170755. S2CID 226303921.
- ↑ Muntner, Paul; Lewis, Cora E.; Diaz, Keith M.; Carson, April P.; Kim, Yongin; Calhoun, David; Yano, Yuichiro; Viera, Anthony J.; Shimbo, Daichi (2015-05-01). "Racial Differences in Abnormal Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Measures: Results From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study". American Journal of Hypertension. 28 (5): 640–648. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu193. ISSN 0895-7061. PMC 4415060 . PMID 25376639.
- ↑ Carson, Peter; Tam, S. William; Ghali, Jalal K.; Archambault, W. Tad; Taylor, Anne; Cohn, Jay N.; Braman, Virginia M.; Worcel, Manuel; Anand, Inder S. (2009-12-01). "Relationship of Quality of Life Scores With Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes in the African-American Heart Failure Trial". Journal of Cardiac Failure. 15 (10): 835–842. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.05.016. ISSN 1071-9164. PMID 19944359.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institutes of Health.