Isaias Afwerki is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory on 24 May 1991,ending the 30-year-old war for independence from Ethiopia. In addition to being president,Isaias has been the chairman of Eritrea's sole legal political party,the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). As Eritrea has never had a functioning constitution,no elections,no legislature and no published budget,Isaias has been the sole power in the country,controlling its judiciary and military. Hence,scholars and historians have long considered him to be a dictator,described his regime as totalitarian,by way of forced conscription;the United Nations and Amnesty International cited him for human rights violations. In 2022,Reporters Without Borders ranked Eritrea,under the government of Isaias,last out of 180 countries in its Press Freedom Index. In 2023 Eritrea ranked 174th out of 180 countries on the Press Freedom Index.
The flag of Eritrea is the national flag of Eritrea. It was adopted on 5 December 1995. The flag combines the basic layout and colors from the flag of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front with an emblem of a wreath and an upright olive-branch derived from the Eritrean flag from 1952 to 1962.
The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF),colloquially known as Shabia,was an armed Marxist–Leninist organization that fought for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. It emerged in 1973 as a far-left to left-wing nationalist group that split from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). After achieving Eritrean independence in 1991,it transformed into the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ),which serves as Eritrea's sole legal political party.
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War,also known as the Badme War,was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 1998 to June 2000.
The Eritrean Liberation Front,colloquially known as Jebha,was the main independence movement in Eritrea which sought Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia during the 1960s and the early 1970s. It was established in 1960 after Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie violated a 1952 UN resolution that guaranteed Eritrea the right to an autonomous government. Idris Muhammad Adam and other Eritrean intellectuals founded the ELF as a primary Pan Arab movement in Cairo,but the first attack was led by Hamid Idris Awate in 1961. Over the course of the 1960s,the ELF was able to obtain support from Arab countries such as Egypt and Sudan. However,tensions between Muslims and Christians in the ELF along with the failure of the ELF to ward off Ethiopia's 1967–1968 counter offensive internally fractured the ELF,causing it to split. By the mid 1970s,the ELF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF),an ideologically Maoist liberation movement,were the key liberation movements in Eritrea. The EPLF ultimately overtook the ELF as the primary Eritrean independence movement by 1977,and the ELF was subsequently defeated in 1981.
The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991.
Dawit Isaak is a Swedish-Eritrean playwright,journalist and writer who has been held in prison in Eritrea since 2001 without trial and is considered a traitor by the Eritrean government. Amnesty International considers him a prisoner of conscience and has called for his immediate and unconditional release. For years,he was the only Swedish citizen held as a prisoner of conscience. As of 2023,he is considered to be one of the world's longest continuously detained journalists.
The Eritrean Civil Wars were two conflicts that were fought between competing organizations for the liberation of Eritrea.
Denmark–Eritrea relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Eritrea. Denmark is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Nairobi,Kenya,and Eritrea is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Stockholm,Sweden.
Tomas Morgan Johansson is a Swedish politician of the Social Democrats who served as deputy prime minister of Sweden from 2019 to 2022. He served as Minister for Justice from 2014 to 2022 and as minister for home affairs from 2021 to 2022,having previously served in that position from 2017 to 2019. He also served as Minister for Migration and Asylum Policy from 2014 to 2017 and again from 2019 to 2021.
The Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict was a violent standoff and a proxy conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia lasting from 1998 to 2018. It consisted of a series of incidents along the then-disputed border;including the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and the subsequent Second Afar insurgency. It included multiple clashes with numerous casualties,including the Battle of Tsorona in 2016. Ethiopia stated in 2018 that it would cede Badme to Eritrea. This led to the Eritrea–Ethiopia summit on 9 July 2018,where an agreement was signed which demarcated the border and agreed a resumption of diplomatic relations.
Ahmed Mohamed Jasir,is one of the most significant leaders in Eritrean history of struggle for independence from 1958 to 1990.
The fall of the Derg,also known as Downfall of the Derg,was a military campaign that resulted in the defeat of the ruling Marxist-Leninist military junta,the Derg,by the rebel coalition Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) on 28 May 1991 in Addis Ababa,ending the Ethiopian Civil War. The Derg took power after deposing Emperor Haile Selassie and the Solomonic dynasty,an imperial dynasty of Ethiopia that began in 1270. The Derg suffered from insurgency with different factions,and separatist rebel groups since their early rule,beginning with the Ethiopian Civil War. The 1983–1985 famine,the Red Terror,and resettlement and villagization made the Derg unpopular with the majority of Ethiopians tending to support insurgent groups like the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF).
Patrik Mattias Jonsson is a Swedish trade unionist and politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving as a member of the Riksdag since 2010,representing the Gothenburg Municipality.
Patrik Olof Mikael Engström is a Swedish politician,trade unionist and former member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Dalarna County between April 2017 and January 2022. He had previously been a substitute member of the Riksdag for Peter Hultqvist between October 2014 and March 2017.
Sven Jörgen Hellman is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Västra Götaland County North between October 2006 and June 2022.
Anders Henrik Mikael Österberg is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Stockholm Municipality between September 2018 and September 2022. He had previously been a substitute member of the Riksdag four times:October 2015 to May 2017;May 2017 to July 2017;July 2017 to September 2017;and September 2017 to September 2018.
Reynold Karl Axel Furustrand is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Södermanland County between October 1986 and October 2006. He was a member of the European Parliament between January 1995 and October 1995. He was a member of the municipal council in Eskilstuna Municipality from 1976 to 1979.
Per Erik Granström was a Swedish politician and member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Dalarna County between October 1991 and October 2006. He was also a substitute member of the Riksdag for Odd Engström between September 1991 and October 1991. He died on 24 July 2011 aged 69.
Paavo Olavi Vallius is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag,the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party,he represented Västmanland County between October 1994 and October 1998;and between October 2002 and October 2006. He was also a substitute member of the Riksdag for Lena Hjelm-Wallén between October 1998 and September 2002. He is a Swedish Finn.
