Armstrong Siddeley Viper

Last updated

Viper
Rolls-Royce Viper 1.jpg
Preserved Rolls-Royce Viper turbojet
Type Turbojet
Manufacturer Armstrong Siddeley
Rolls-Royce Limited
First runApril 1951
Major applications BAC Jet Provost
HS Dominie
Aermacchi MB-326
Developed from Armstrong Siddeley Adder

The Armstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced by Armstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companies Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce Limited. It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with the Royal Air Force, powering its Dominie T1 navigation training aircraft until January 2011. [1]

Contents

Design and development

The design originally featured a seven-stage compressor based on their Adder engine the Viper is in effect a large-scale Adder.

Like the similar J85 built in United States, the Viper was originally developed as an expendable engine for production versions of the Jindivik target drone. Like the J85, the limited-life components and total-loss oil systems were replaced with standard systems for use in crewed aircraft. [2]

Because it was initially developed as an expendable engine, the Viper was subject to many recurring maintenance issues. This led to the development of the first Power by the Hour program in which operators would pay a fixed hourly rate to Bristol Siddeley for the continual maintenance of the engines. [3]

In the 1970s, Turbomecanica Bucharest and Orao Sarajevo acquired the license for the Viper engine, which propelled various Romanian and Yugoslav built aircraft. [4] [5]

Variants

Rolls-Royce Viper in RAF Museum Cosford RR Viper 202.jpg
Rolls-Royce Viper in RAF Museum Cosford

Data from:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56, [6] Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60, [7] Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63 [8]

ASV.1
Short life design study; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).
ASV.2
Developed short life version, first run in April 1951; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).
ASV.3
(Mk.100) Short life for missile/target applications, flight-tested in the tail of an Avro Lancaster November 1952; 1,640 lbf (7.30 kN).
ASV.4
Short life for missile/target applications first run in 1952, 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN).
ASV.5
(Mk. 101) Extended life version for crewed aircraft. [6]
ASV.6
Short life for missile/target applications; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).
ASV.7
ASV.7/R
ASV.7 with re-heat; 2,470 lbf (10.99 kN).
ASV.8
(became Viper 8 and Mk.102); Long-life version rated at 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN) for Jet Provost T Mk.3.
ASV.9
(became Viper 9 and Mk.103) Similar to ASV.8 with improved turbine materials; 2,000 lbf (8.90 kN).
ASV.10
Long-life version with re-designed Sapphire-style compressor first run in January 1956; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).
ASV.11
(became Viper 11 and Mk.200) ASV.10 with increased mass-flow; 2,500 lbf (11.12 kN).
ASV.12
(became Viper 12) up-rated ASV.11 with higher JPT and rated at 2,700 lbf (12.01 kN)
Viper 8
(Mk.102 / Mk.104): Engines for the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.3 (Mk.102) and GAF Jindivik Mk.102B target drone (Mk.104).
Viper 9
(Mk.103): Powered the Bell X-14 and Handley Page HP 115 among others.
Viper 11
(Mk.200): Powered the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.4(Mk202) and GAF Jindivik Mk.3 among others.
Viper 12
see ASV.12 above
Viper 20
(Mk.500 series): Powered the Hawker Siddeley HS.125 and Piaggio-Douglas PD.808 among others.
Viper 22
Built under licence by Piaggio for the Aermacchi MB.326
Mk.100
see ASV.3 above
Mk.101
see ASV.5 above
Mk.102
see ASV.8 above
Mk.103
see ASV.9 and Viper 9 above
Mk.104
see ASV.12 above
Mk.200
see Viper 11 above
Mk.201
Mk.202
see Viper 11 above
Mk.204
Mk.301
Mk.521
Mk.522
Mk.525
Mk.601
Mk.632
Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the non-afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur A/MB versions, Soko J-22 Orao 1 version, IAR-99 Standard/Șoim versions, and Soko G-4 Super Galeb.
Mk.633
Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur B version, and Soko J-22 Orao 2 version.
M.D.30 Viper
Engines licence-built and developed by Dassault Aviation [6] [9]
M.D.30R Viper
2,200 lbf (9.8 kN) with afterburner. [10]

Applications

Specifications (Viper ASV.12)

Data from [11]

General characteristics

Components

Performance

See also

Related development

Comparable engines

Related lists

Related Research Articles

Soko was a Yugoslav aircraft manufacturer based in Mostar, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. The company was responsible for the production of many military aircraft for the Yugoslav Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aermacchi MB-339</span> Type of aircraft

The Aermacchi MB-339 is a military jet trainer and light attack aircraft designed and manufactured by Italian aviation company Aermacchi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pratt & Whitney J75</span> Turbojet engine

The Pratt & Whitney J75 is an axial-flow turbojet engine first flown in 1955. A two-spool design in the 17,000 lbf (76 kN) thrust class, the J75 was essentially the bigger brother of the Pratt & Whitney J57 (JT3C). It was known in civilian service as the JT4A, and in a variety of stationary roles as the GG4 and FT4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soko J-22 Orao</span> Yugoslav ground-attack/reconnaissance aircraft

The Soko J-22 Orao is a Yugoslav twin-engined, subsonic ground-attack and aerial reconnaissance aircraft. It was developed and built in collaboration by SOKO in Yugoslavia and by Avioane Craiova in neighbouring Romania, being known in the latter as the IAR-93 Vultur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Mamba</span> 1940s British turboprop aircraft engine

The Armstrong Siddeley Mamba was a British turboprop engine produced by Armstrong Siddeley in the late 1940s and 1950s, producing around 1,500 effective horsepower (1,100 kW).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IAR-93 Vultur</span> Romanian ground-attack/interceptor aircraft

The Avioane Craiova IAR-93 Vultur (Eagle) is a twinjet, subsonic, close support, ground attack and tactical reconnaissance aircraft with secondary capability as low level interceptor. Built as single-seat main attack version or combat capable two-seat version for advanced flying and weapon training, it was developed in 1970s by Romania and Yugoslavia to become more independent from Soviet equipment. The Romanian aircraft were built by I.R.Av. Craiova as IAR-93, and its Yugoslav counterpart by Soko as the Soko J-22 Orao. For Romania, the IAR-93 was intended to replace MiG-15s and MiG-17s in the fighter-bomber role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire</span> 1940s British turbojet aircraft engine

The Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire is a British turbojet engine that was produced by Armstrong Siddeley in the 1950s. It was the ultimate development of work that had started as the Metrovick F.2 in 1940, evolving into an advanced axial flow design with an annular combustion chamber that developed over 11,000 lbf (49 kN). It powered early versions of the Hawker Hunter and Handley Page Victor, and every Gloster Javelin. Production was also started under licence in the United States by Wright Aeronautical as the J65, powering a number of US designs. The Sapphire's primary competitor was the Rolls-Royce Avon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Electric J85</span> Turbojet aircraft engine

The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to 2,950 lbf (13.1 kN) of thrust dry; afterburning variants can reach up to 5,000 lbf (22 kN). The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from 300 to 500 pounds. It is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040. Civilian models, known as the CJ610, are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non-afterburning J85 variants, while the CF700 adds a rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soko G-4 Super Galeb</span> Type of aircraft

The Soko G-4 Super Galeb, also referred to as N-62, is a Yugoslav single-engine, advanced jet trainer and light ground-attack aircraft designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute at Žarkovo and manufactured by the SOKO aircraft factory in Mostar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soko G-2 Galeb</span> Type of aircraft

The Soko G-2 Galeb is a Yugoslav single engine, two-seater jet trainer and light ground-attack aircraft. The G-2 was developed during the 1950s by the Aeronautical Technical Institute at Žarkovo as a replacement for the Lockheed T-33 in service with the Yugoslav Air Force. Production started in 1965 at the Soko aircraft factory in Mostar, and ended in 1985 with 248 aircraft delivered. The G-2 had the distinction of being the first mass-produced jet aircraft in socialist Yugoslavia. It also served as a basis for the single-seat ground-attack J-21 Jastreb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan XV-5 Vertifan</span> American experimental VTOL aircraft

The Ryan XV-5 Vertifan was a jet-powered V/STOL experimental aircraft in the 1960s. The United States Army commissioned the Ryan VZ-11-RY in 1961, along with the Lockheed VZ-10 Hummingbird. It successfully proved the concept of ducted lift fans, but the project was cancelled after multiple fatal crashes unrelated to the lift system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Electric CJ610</span> Turbojet engine

The General Electric CJ610 is a non-afterburning turbojet engine derived from the military J85, and is used on a number of civilian business jets. The model has logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. Civilian versions have powered business jets such as the Learjet 23 and the Hamburger Flugzeugbau HFB 320 Hansa Jet. The engines are also used in the flyable Messerschmitt Me 262 reproductions built by the Me 262 Project in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol Siddeley Orpheus</span> 1957 turbojet aircraft engine family by Bristol Siddeley

The Bristol Siddeley Orpheus is a single-spool turbojet developed by Bristol Siddeley for various light fighter/trainer applications such as the Folland Gnat and the Fiat G.91. Later, the Orpheus formed the core of the first Bristol Pegasus vectored thrust turbofan used in the Harrier family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol Thor</span> 1950s British ramjet missile engine

The Bristol Thor, latterly Bristol Siddeley BS.1009 Thor, was a 16-inch (41 cm) diameter ramjet engine developed by Bristol Aero Engines for the Bristol Bloodhound anti-aircraft missile.

de Havilland Gyron Junior 1950s British turbojet aircraft engine

The de Havilland Gyron Junior is a military turbojet engine design of the 1950s developed by the de Havilland Engine Company and later produced by Bristol Siddeley. The Gyron Junior was a scaled-down derivative of the de Havilland Gyron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GAF Jindivik</span> Type of aircraft

The GAF Jindivik is a radio-controlled target drone produced by the Australian Government Aircraft Factories (GAF). The name is from an Aboriginal Australian word meaning "the hunted one". Two manually-controlled prototypes, were built as the GAF Pika as a proof of concept to test the aerodynamics, engine and radio control systems, serialled A92-1/2, 'B-1/2'. The radio-controlled Jindivik was initially designated the Project B and received serials in the A93 series. Pika is an Aboriginal Australian word meaning flier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soko J-21 Jastreb</span> Type of aircraft

The Soko J-21 Jastreb, referred to as the J-1 Jastreb in some sources, is a Yugoslav single-seat, single-engine, light attack aircraft, designed by the Aeronautical Technical Institute (ATI) and Vojnotehnički Institut Beograd (VTI), in Belgrade and manufactured by SOKO in Mostar. Derived from the G-2 Galeb advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, it was designed in single-seat ground-attack and two-seat advanced flying / weapon training versions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Electric CF700</span> Turbofan aircraft engine

The General Electric CF700 is an aft-fan turbofan development of the CJ610 turbojet. The fan blades are an extension of the low-pressure turbine blades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiat G.91Y</span> Italian ground-attack aircraft

The FiatG.91Y is an Italian ground-attack and reconnaissance aircraft which first flew in 1966. Although resembling its predecessor, the Fiat G.91, the aircraft was in fact a complete redesign, a major difference being that it was equipped with a new twin-engine configuration, replacing the original single engine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin-Baker Mk.10</span> British ejection seat

The Martin-Baker Mk.10 is a British rocket-assisted ejection seat designed and built by Martin-Baker. Introduced in the 1970s, the zero-zero capable Mk.10 has been installed in many combat aircraft types. A lightweight version is known as the Mk.10L.

References

Notes

  1. Dominie T1 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved: 14 October 2009
  2. Gunston 1989, p.20.
  3. "Selling the DH125". Flight Global.
  4. About Turbomecanica
  5. INCAS - IAR 93 and SOKO /VTJ - J - ORAO Specifications
  6. 1 2 3 Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1955). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
  7. Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1959). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd.
  8. Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
  9. Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 186–187.
  10. Wilkinson, Paul H. (1957). Aircraft engines of the World 1957 (15th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 188–189.
  11. Flight Global Archive - 1955 Retrieved: 3 November 2008

Bibliography