Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (10 May 1844 –15 April 1923) was a Nicaraguan-born President of Costa Rica from 1902 to 1906. [1] Esquivel became a naturalized Costa Rican in 1869.
He was also a lawyer and a university professor. After his presidential term,he served as the president of the Supreme Court of Costa Rica from 1917 to 1920.
He first ran for the presidency in 1889 but was defeated by JoséJoaquín Rodríguez. He took up the challenge of running for president in the 1901 elections,which he consequently won. This was his second presidential bid and 1902 saw the start of his only presidency.
His government had to assume a nation with a still weak and little developed economy;however,his government managed to advance the development of the railroad to the Pacific and the establishment of the lyrics of the national anthem.
JoséJoaquín Antonio Trejos Fernández was 35th President of Costa Rica from 1966 to 1970. His parents were Juan Trejos Quirós and Emilia Fernández Aguilar. As a student he obtained degrees in mathematics and economics from the University of Costa Rica. During Mario Echandi's administration he was part of Costa Rica's delegation in the United Nations. Trejos defeated Daniel Oduber in the election that secured him the presidency. Trejos died on 10 February 2010. In the months before his death he began to have problems,when he had an accident in December 2009.
Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro was the Olympus President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889 during the Liberal State.
General Tomás Miguel Guardia Gutiérrez was President of Costa Rica on two occasions:from 1870 to 1876,and from 1877 to 1882.
The Costa Rican Renewal Party is a Christian political party in Costa Rica.
Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez was President of Costa Rica from 6 July to 10 August 1882.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 7 December 1913,the first direct elections since 1844. They were also the first elections to have universal male suffrage,after economic and educational requirements were eliminated. Máximo Fernández Alvarado of the Republican Party won the presidential election,but both he and runner-up Carlos Durán Cartín later resigned and Alfredo González Flores was appointed president by Congress on 8 May 1914. The Republican Party also won the parliamentary election.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 April 1917. Federico Tinoco Granados had seized power in a military coup in January and was the only candidate in the presidential election. The elections were considered to be fraudulent,with Tinoco as the only formal candidate.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 December 1923. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the Republican Party won the presidential election,whilst the party also won the parliamentary election,in which they received 51% of the vote. Voter turnout was 70% in the presidential election and 84% in the parliamentary election.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 12 February 1928. Cleto González Víquez of the National Union won the presidential election,whilst the party also won the parliamentary election,in which they received 53% of the vote. Voter turnout was 62% in the presidential election and 73% in the parliamentary election.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 14 February 1932.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 9 February 1936. León Cortés Castro of the National Republican Party won the presidential election,whilst the party also won the parliamentary election,in which they received 59% of the vote. Voter turnout was 69%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1986. Óscar Arias of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election,whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 82%.
Carlos Andrés Alvarado Quesada is a Costa Rican politician,writer,journalist,and political scientist who served as the 48th president of Costa Rica from 8 May 2018 to 8 May 2022. A member of the Citizens' Action Party (PAC),Alvarado previously served as Minister of Labor and Social Security during the presidency of Luis Guillermo Solís.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 9 July 1882. They were the first after a long line of successive de facto governments following the coup against Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz by his former ally Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez. Vicente Herrera Zeledón,Costa Rica's first conservative president,was placed in Esquivel's place,but in practice he was a puppet of Guardia's authoritarian regime. After the brief presidency of Herrera who resigned using health reasons as excuse,the political elite appoints Guardia to replace him. However Guardia died in 1882 and elections were called,which were won by Freemason and liberal Próspero Fernández Oreamuno member of the Olympus Generation,an elite group of liberal intellectuals nicknamed as such due to their arrogance.
General elections were held in Costa Rica in 1889. Electors for the electoral college were elected on 7 October 1889,who in turn elected the president on 1 December 1889. It was particularly notorious for been the first time in Costa Rica's history that political parties took part in an election. The date of November 7 is still commemorated in Costa Rica as "Democracy's Day" due to the outcome of the liberal government accepting the results of the conservative opposition,as to that point,authoritarian governments were the norm.
The First Costa Rican Republic is the name given to the historical period between the proclamation of the Republic of Costa Rica in the 1848 reformed Constitution and the official decree by then President JoséMaría Castro Madriz on 31 August 1848 and the Costa Rican Civil War of 1948 which ended with the enactment of the current 1949 Constitution on 7 November 1949 starting the Second Costa Rican Republic.
Liberalism in Costa Rica is a political philosophy with a long and complex history. Liberals were the hegemonic political group for most of Costa Rica's history especially during the periods of the Free State and the First Republic,however,as the liberal model exhausted itself and new more left-wing reformist movements clashed during the Costa Rican Civil War liberalism was relegated to a secondary role after the Second Costa Rican Republic with the development of Costa Rica's Welfare State and its two-party system controlled by social-democratic and Christian democratic parties.
The Reform State or Reformist State is the period in 20th-century Costa Rican history when the country switched from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez-faire approach of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. It began about 1940 during the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia,and ended in the 1980s with the neoliberal reforms inherent in the Washington Consensus that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
Freemasonry begins in Costa Rica at the same time as in Central America during the course of the 19th century. Regular masonry begins when it was founded by Costa Rican Catholic priest Francisco Calvo,ex-Chaplain General of the Army of Costa Rica during the Filibuster War of 1856,who introduced regular masonry in Central America in 1865. However,there is evidence of the existence of "non-regular" Lodges active after the Independence and before. Prominent Costa Rican figures of politics,literature,art and science,including several presidents of the Republic,were Freemasons.
The Dictatorship of the Tinoco brothers,also Tinochist or Peliquist Dictatorship,or Tinoco regime is the period of Costa Rica in which the military dictatorship led by Federico Tinoco Granados as de facto president and his brother JoséJoaquín Tinoco Granados as Minister of War was in place. It began after the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état on January 27,1917,and culminated with the departure of Tinoco from Costa Rica to France on August 13,1919 three days after the murder of his brother and after a series of armed insurrections and massive civil protests known as the SapoáRevolution and the 1919 student civic movement.