List of heads of state of Costa Rica

Last updated

The following is the list of all the heads of state of Costa Rica. The current Constitution establishes that the President of Costa Rica is both head of state and head of government, and the current officeholder is Rodrigo Chaves Robles of the Social Democratic Progress Party.

Contents

First independent governments (1821–1824)

On October 11, 1821, the province of Costa Rica proclaimed its absolute independence from Spain. On the 29th of that month, the city of Cartago, head of the Partido de Costa Rican, also signed an act declaring the absolute independence of the Spanish Government.

During this period the main divisions occurred between two sides; the imperialist who sought to annex Costa Rica to the First Mexican Empire and the Republican who sought full independence from Costa Rica. The monarchicals or monarchists also advocated the recognition of Agustín de Iturbide as emperor.

Flag of Costa Rica (1823-1824).svg
Political chief of the Province of Costa Rica [1]
OfficeTermFaction

   Republicans    Imperialists

JuanManuelCanas.jpg
Juan Manuel de Cañas Political chiefOctober 11, 1821 – November 12, 1821Españolista
No image.svg
Nicolás Carrillo y Aguirre President of the Town's Legates JuntaNovember 12, 1821 – December 1, 1821 Imperialist
No image.svg
Pedro José de Alvarado y Baeza President of the Provisional Government JuntaDecember 1821– January 1822 Imperialist
Monumento a Rafael Barroeta.jpg
Rafael Barroeta y Castilla President of the Electors BoardJanuary 6–13, 1822; president of the Superior Government Junta, January 6 – April 13, 1822 Imperialist
No image.svg
Santiago de Bonilla y Laya-Bolívar President of the Superior Government Junta13 Aprial – June 15, 1822 Liberal
JMPeralta20114.jpg
José María de Peralta President of the Superior Government JuntaJune 15 – October 17, 1822 Republican
Jose Rafael Gallegos Alvarado.JPG
José Rafael Gallegos President of the Superior Government Junta17 octubre de 1822– January 1, 1823 Imperialist
JoseSantosLombardo.png
José Santos Lombardo President of the Superior Government JuntaJanuary 1 – March 20, 1823 Imperialist
Rafael Francisco Osejo jpg.jpg
Rafael Francisco Osejo President of the Diputación of Costa RicaMarch 20–29, 1823 Republican
JoaquindeOreamuno.JPG
Joaquín de Oreamuno General Commander of Arms, de factoMarch 29 – April 5, 1823 Imperialist
Gregorio Jose Ramirez y Castro.png
Gregorio José Ramírez General Commander of Arms, de factoApril 5 – 16, 1823 Republican
JMPeralta20114.jpg
José María de Peralta President of the Constituent Provincial CongressApril 16 – May 10, 1823 Republican
No image.svg
Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo President of the Superior Government Junta1823–1824 Republican
No image.svg
Eusebio Rodríguez y Castro President of the Superior Government JuntaJanuary 8 – February 12, 1824 Republican
No image.svg
Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo President of the Superior Government JuntaFebruary 12 – September 8, 1824 Republican

Emperor (1822–1823)

Coat of Arms of the First Mexican Empire.svg
Emperor
TermNotes
Iturbide Emperador by Josephus Arias Huerta.jpg Agustín de Iturbide May 19, 1822–
March 19, 1823
During the period of permanence of Costa Rica in the First Mexican Empire, Emperor Agustín de Iturbide was the monarch of the country as of the rest of the Empire. However, imperial sovereignty was not universally recognized. The disputes between imperialists loyal to Iturbide and Republicans seeking full independence led to the first Costa Rican civil war.

President of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1839)

Between 1824 and 1838 Costa Rica was a member of the Federal Republic of Central America, and the president was the federal president of the country, although the political influence of the federal government was minimal.

Escudo de la Republica Federal de Centro America.svg
President
Term
(Election)
ProfessionParty
  Liberal Party  Conservative Party
Primergrito ahumada.JPG
José Matías Delgado 1823
(interim)
Catholic Priest Liberal Party
Escudo de la Republica Federal de Centro America.svg
First Triumvirate: (1823)Liberal Party
Escudo de la Republica Federal de Centro America.svg
Second Triumvirate: 1823–1825Liberal Party
Manuel Jose Arce y Fagoaga.jpg
Manuel José Arce 29 April 1825-13 April 1829
(Appointed by Congress)
MilitaryLiberal Party
No image.svg
Mariano Beltranena y Llano 13 April 1829-14 June 1829
(Deposed)
Aristocrat Conservative Party
Jose Francisco Barrundia.jpg
José Francisco Barrundia 26 June 1829-16 June 1830
(interim)
JournalistLiberal Party
Francisco Morazan Quesada.JPG
José Francisco Morazán Quezada 16 September 1830-16 September 1834
(1830)
MilitaryLiberal Party
Cecilio del Valle Wallpaper.jpg
José Cecilio del Valle (1834. Died before assuming office)MilitaryConservative Party
Jose Gregorio Salazar y Castro.jpg
José Gregorio Salazar 16 September 1834-14 February 1835
(interim)
PoliticianLiberal Party
Francisco Morazan Quesada.JPG
José Francisco Morazán Quezada February 14, 1835 – February 1, 1839
(1835, Costa Rica splits from the Federation).
MilitaryLiberal Party

Heads of State of Costa Rica (1824–1847)

Between 1824 and 1847 and according to the Constitutions of the United Provinces of Central America (1824), of Costa Rica from 1825 and 1844, the chief of the executive branch bore the title of supreme chief or first chief.

Liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics during this period, to the point that many historians call this the "Liberal State". In Costa Rica there was no war between liberals and conservatives as was common in the rest of Latin America and even coup d'etats and de facto governments were mostly between liberal factions. The only conservative president of this period was José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado who did not end his term. Another conservative, Nicolás Ulloa Soto, never took office. [2]

Escudo de la Republica Federal de Centro America.svg
Heads of the Free State of Costa Rica [1]
Province Term
(Election)
ProfessionFactionVice Head

   Liberal   Conservative  Military

Juan Mora Fernandez.JPG
Juan Mora Fernández
1825 and 1829
San José 1824–1833Teacher and trader Liberal Mariano Montealegre Bustamante (1824–1825)
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado (1825–1829)
Jose Rafael Gallegos Alvarado.JPG
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado Cartago 1833–1835
(1833, resigned)
BusinessmanConservative Manuel Fernández Chacón
No image.svg
Manuel Fernández Chacón San José interimLandowner Liberal Vacant
No image.svg
Nicolás Ulloa Soto Heredia Appointed in 1835 by Congress, never took office.BusinessmanConservative Manuel Fernández Chacón
Braulio Carrillo.jpg
Braulio Carrillo Colina Cartago 1835–1837
(1835)
Lawyer Liberal
No image.svg
Joaquín Mora Fernández San José March–April 1837
interim
Lawyer Liberal
Manuel Aguilar Chacon.JPG
Manuel Aguilar Chacón San José 1837–1838
(1837, deposed by coup led by Carrillo)
Lawyer Liberal Juan Mora Fernández
Braulio Carrillo.jpg
Braulio Carrillo Colina Cartago November 14, 1838 – April 8, 1842
(de facto rule, deposed by Morazan)
Lawyer Liberal Miguel Carranza Fernández (1838–1841)
Manuel Antonio Bonilla Nava (1841–182)
Francisco Morazan Quesada.JPG
Francisco Morazán Quesada Born in Honduras April 8 – September 11, 1842
(de facto, deposed)
Military Liberal Juan Mora Fernández
Antonio Pinto Soares.JPG
Antonio Pinto Soares Born in Portugal September 11–27, 1842
(interim)
Military Liberal Vacant
Jose Maria Alfaro Zamora.JPG
José María Alfaro Zamora Alajuela 27 September 1842-29 November 1844
(interim)
Trader Liberal Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla (1843–1844)
Francisco Maria Oreamuno Bonilla.JPG
Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla Cartago November 29, 1844 – June 7, 1846
(1844, deposed by Congress after neglecting the office)
Lawyer Liberal José María Castro Madriz (1845–1847)
Jose Maria Alfaro Zamora.JPG
José María Alfaro Zamora Alajuela June 7, 1846 – May 1, 1847
(interim)
Trader Liberal

President of the State of Costa Rica (1847–1848)

Coat of arms of Costa Rica (1840-1842).svg
President of the State of Costa Rica [1]
Province Term
(Election)
ProfessionFaction Vice President

   Liberal

1
Jose Maria Alfaro Zamora.JPG
José María Alfaro Zamora Alajuela May 1, 1847 – May 6, 1847
(interim)
Trader Liberal José María Castro Madriz
2
Jose Maria Castro Madriz.JPG
José María Castro Madriz San José May 8, 1847 – August 31, 1848
(1847)
Lawyer Liberal José María Alfaro Zamora (1847)
Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1847–1848)

President of the Republic of Costa Rica (1848–1948)

Current title of the head of state and government since the Constitution of 1847. The historiography tends to divide this historical period in two, the previous one to the civil war of 1948 and the subsequent one to it. During the first period from 1847 to 1948, the liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics. The liberal hegemony only broke briefly with the government of Vicente Herrera Zeledón (who however had been elected by the liberals) who ruled de facto for just over a year between 1876 and 1877. Even the dictator Federico Tinoco whose dictatorship lasted two years was also liberal. In addition, Costa Rican politics was then (and continues to be to some extent) eminently personalist, so political parties such as Civil, National, Peliquista and Republican revolved mostly around leaders and political figures and not ideologies although, in general terms, they usually be diffusely associated with liberalism.

Costa Rican liberalism was also closely linked to the coffee-growing oligarchy and an important sector of the aristocracy. Attempts to create party alternatives not only formally ideological but more to the left were the Reform Party of Father Jorge Volio Jiménez, strongly influenced by the Catholic social teaching and Christian socialism and Manuel Mora Valverde's Workers and Peasants Block (which precisely it would break with the Reform Party after Volio's alliance with the liberal Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the Republican Party) that would lead to the Costa Rican Communist Party. However, even after the war, an important influence of liberal thinking could be seen in the presidents emanated from opposition coalitions as well as within the Social Christian Unity Party.

The National Republican Party led several liberals to the presidency, however, it would be under the government of perhaps its most famous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia that the reforms known as the Social Guarantees would be given for the benefit of the poorest classes and would be one of the triggers of the war of 48. [3]

Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg
Presidents of the Republic of Costa Rica [1] [4]
ProvinceTerm
(Election)
ProfessionFaction/Party Vice President
1 Jose Maria Castro Madriz.JPG José María Castro Madriz San José August 31, 1848 – November 15, 1849
(1847, deposed)
Lawyer Liberal Manuel José Carazo Bonilla (1848–1849)
Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1849)
1.a Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg Miguel Mora Porras San José November 16–26, 1849
(interim)
Trader Liberal Vacant
2 Juan Rafael Mora Porras.JPG Juan Rafael Mora Porras San José November 26 – December 30, 1849 – August 14, 1859
(1849, 1853 and 1859. Deposed by Montealegre.)
Empresario Liberal Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla† (1853–1856)
Vicente Aguilar Cubero (1856–1857)
Rafael García-Escalante Nava (1857–1859)
3 Jose Maria Montealegra Fernandez.JPG José María Montealegre Fernández San José 14 August 1859 – 8 May 1863
(de facto after a coup, later elected in 1860)
Medic Liberal Abolished
Alternates appointed by Congress.
4 Jesus Jimenez Zamora.JPG Jesús Jiménez Zamora Cartago 8 May 1863 – 8 May 1866
(1863)
Medic Liberal
5 Jose Maria Castro Madriz.JPG José María Castro Madriz San José May 8, 1866 – November 1, 1868
(1866, deposed by Jiménez.)
Lawyer Liberal
6 Jesus Jimenez Zamora.JPG Jesús Jiménez Zamora Cartago November 1, 1868 – April 27, 1870
(de facto after a coup, elected as single candidate in 1869, deposed by coup led by Guardia.)
Medic Liberal
7 Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG Bruno Carranza Ramírez San José April 27 – August 8, 1870
(interim, appointed by Guardia.)
Medic Liberal
8 Tomas Guardia Gutierrez.JPG Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez Guanacaste August 8, 1870 – May 8, 1876
(de facto after coup, elected in 1872).)
Military Liberal
9 Aniceto Esquivel Saenz 2.jpg Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz Cartago May 8, 1876 – July 30, 1876
(1876 as Guardia's puppet, deposed by Guardia).
Lawyer Liberal
10 Vicente Herrera Zeledon.JPG Vicente Herrera Zeledón San José 30 July 1876 – 23 September 1877
(Appointed by Guardia, resigns due to health issues.)
LawyerConservative
11 Tomas Guardia Gutierrez.JPG Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez Guanacaste September 23, 1877 – July 6, 1882
(ruled as a dictator, died in office.)
Military Liberal
12 Saturnino Lizano Gutierrez.jpg Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez Puntarenas July 6 – August 10, 1882
(interim)
Trader Liberal
13 Prospero Fernandez Oreamuno.JPG Próspero Fernández Oreamuno San José August 10, 1882 – March 12, 1885
(1882. Died in office)
Philosopher Olympus
14 Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG Bernardo Soto Alfaro Alajuela March 12, 1885 – November 7, 1889
(interim later elected in 1886, resigns.)
Military and lawyer Olympus
14.a Carlos Duran Cartin.JPG Carlos Durán Cartín San José November 7, 1889 – May 8, 1890
(interim)
Medic Liberal
15 Jose Joaquin Rodriguez Zeledon.JPG José Rodríguez Zeledón San José 8 May 1890 – 8 May 1894
(1889)
Lawyer Constitutional Party
16 Rafael Yglesias Castro.jpg Rafael Yglesias Castro San José 8 May 1894 – 8 May 1902
(1894 and 1897–1898)
Businessman Civil Party
17 Ascencion Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra Guanacaste 8 May 1902 – 8 May 1906
(1901–1902)
Lawyer National Union Party
18 Cleto Gonzalez Viquez.jpg Cleto González Víquez Heredia 8 May 1906 – 8 May 1910
(1905–1906)
Lawyer National Party
19 Ricardo Jimenez Oreamuno.jpg Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno Cartago 8 May 1910 – 8 May 1914
(1909–1910)
Lawyer Republican Party
20 Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg Alfredo González Flores Heredia May 8, 1914 – January 27, 1917
(Appointed by Congress, deposed in the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état led by Tinoco).
Lawyer Republican Party
21 Federico Tinoco Granados- (cropped).jpg Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados San José January 27, 1917 – August 20, 1919
(ruled after coup, elected as single candidate in 1917, deposed by popular uprising).
Businessman Peliquista Party
22 Juan Bautista Quiros Segura 2.JPG Juan Bautista Quirós Segura San José August 20, 1919 – September 2, 1919
(interim, forced to resign).
Empresario Peliquista Party
23 Francisco Aguilar Barquero 2.JPG Francisco Aguilar Barquero Cartago 2 September 1919-8 May 1920
(interim).
Teacher Republican Party
24 Julio Acosta Garcia.JPG Julio Acosta García Alajuela 8 May 1920-8 May 1924
(1919)
Diplomatic Constitutional Party
25 Ricardo Jimenez Oreamuno.jpg Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno Cartago May 8, 1924 – May 8, 1928
(1923)
Lawyer Republican Party
26 Cleto Gonzalez Viquez.jpg Cleto González Víquez Heredia 8 May 1928-8 May 1932
(1928)
Lawyer National Union Party
27 Ricardo Jimenez Oreamuno.jpg Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno Cartago May 8, 1932 – May 8, 1936
(1932)
Lawyer National Republican Party
28 Leon Cortes Castro 1.jpg León Cortés Castro Alajuela 8 May 1936-8 May 1940
(1936)
Teacher and lawyer National Republican Party
29 Calderon Guardia 1940 cropped.jpg Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia San José 8 May 1940-8 May 1944
(1940)
Medic National Republican Party
30 Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg Teodoro Picado Michalski San José May 8, 1944 – April 19, 1948
(1944, deposed by civil war).
Teacher National Republican Party
30.a Santos Leon (cropped).jpg Santos León Herrera San José April 19 – May 8, 1948
(interim).
Engineer National Republican Party

Founding Junta of the Second Republic (1948–1949)

After the rupture of the constitutional order in 1948 when the third and last Costa Rican civil war broke out, the victorious side formed by the National Liberation Movement exercised de facto power for 18 months under the self-appointed Founding Junta of the Second Republic chaired by José Figueres Ferrer who proclaimed the beginning of the Second Costa Rican Republic.

Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República TermParty
Junta Fundadora de la Segunda Republica.jpg José Figueres Ferrer, Benjamín Odio Odio, Gonzalo Facio Segreda, Alberto Martén Chavarría, Uladislao Gámez Solano, Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich, Bruce Masís Dibiasi, Raúl Blanco Cervantes, Benjamín Núñez Vargas, Edgar Cardona Quirós, Daniel Oduber Quirós May 8, 1948 – November 8, 1949 National Liberation Movement

President of the Republic of Costa Rica (1949-today)

José Figueres would hand over the Executive Power to Otilio Ulate Blanco on November 8, 1949, as the alleged winner of the 1948 elections whose annulment by the government of Teodoro Picado and Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia caused the civil war of the same year. A National Constituent Assembly was also convened that drafted the 1949 Constitution, still in force, and also created the official positions of First and Second Vice presidents of the Republic.

The National Liberation Party, of social democratic ideology and led by the war-winning leader José Figueres Ferrer would become the main political force after 48, but both Calderonistas and liberals would remain active allying with each other, which would allow the governments of Mario Echandi Jiménez and José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. Following the merger of almost all the antiliberacionista opposition grouped in the Unity Coalition in the Social Christian Unity Party in 1983, this party and the National Liberation would form a solid bipartisanism so that all presidents between 1982 and 2014 belonged to one of these two parties. It is in 2014 that bipartisanship is broken with the coming to power of Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, first president of the post-bipartisan stage and belonging to a party that was not linked to the two major traditional political tendencies (liberationism and calderonism) the Citizens' Action Party that had already been the main opposition force for two previous periods. [5]

Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg
Presidents of the Republic of de Costa Rica [1] [4]
Province Term
(Election)
ProfessionParty Vice presidents
31 Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg Otilio Ulate Blanco Alajuela 8 November 1949 – 8 May 1953
(1948)
Journalist National Union Party Alberto Oreamuno Flores and Alfredo Volio Mata
32 Figueres Museo Historico.jpg José Figueres Ferrer Alajuela 8 May 1953 – 8 May 1958
(1953)
Self-taught National Liberation Party Raúl Blanco Cervantes and Fernando Esquivel Bonilla
33 Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg Mario Echandi Jiménez San José 8 May 1958 – 8 May 1962
(1958)
Businessman National Union Party Abelardo Bonilla Baldares and José Joaquín Peralta Esquivel
34 Francisco J. Orlich cropped.jpg Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich Alajuela 8 May 1962 – 8 May 1966
(1962)
Accountant National Liberation Party Raúl Blanco Cervantes and Carlos Sáenz Herrera
35 Jose Juaquin Trejos Flores cropped.jpg José Joaquín Trejos Fernández San José 8 May 1966 – 8 May 1970
(1966)
College professor, chemist and mathematician National Unification Coalition Jorge Vega Rodríguez and Virgilio Calvo Sánchez
36 Figueres Museo Historico.jpg José Figueres Ferrer Alajuela 8 May 1970 – 8 May 1974
(1970)
Self-taught National Liberation Party Manuel Aguilar Bonilla and Jorge Rossi Chavarría
37 Daniel Oduber 3 (adjusted).jpg Daniel Oduber Quirós San José 8 May 1974 – 8 May 1978
(1974)
Philosopher, lawyer and poet National Liberation Party Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales and Fernando Guzmán Mata
38 Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg
Rodrigo Carazo Odio
Cartago 8 May 1978 – 8 May 1982
(1978)
Economist Unity Coalition Rodrigo Altmann Ortiz and José Miguel Alfaro Rodríguez
39 Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez Alajuela 8 May 1982 – 8 May 1986
(1982)
Farmer and trade union leader National Liberation Party Alberto Fait Lizano and Armando Aráuz Aguilar
40 OscarArias.jpg Óscar Arias Sánchez Heredia 8 May 1986 – 8 May 1990
(1986)
Businessman and lawyer National Liberation Party Jorge Manuel Dengo Obregón and Victoria Garrón Orozco
41 R A Calderon.jpg Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier Born in Nicaragua 8 May 1990 – 8 May 1994
(1990)
Lawyer Social Christian Unity Party Germán Serrano Pinto and Arnoldo López Echandi
42 Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg José María Figueres Olsen San José 8 May 1994 – 8 May 1998
(1994)
Engineer National Liberation Party Rodrigo Oreamuno Blanco and Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis
43 Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría San José 8 May 1998 – 8 May 2002
(1998)
Businessman and economist Social Christian Unity Party Astrid Fischel Volio and Elizabeth Odio Benito
44 Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 Abel Pacheco cropped.jpg Abel Pacheco de la Espriella San José 8 May 2002 – 8 May 2006
(2002)
Psychiatrist Social Christian Unity Party Lineth Saborío Chaverri and Luis Fishman Zonzinski
45 Oscar Arias.jpg Óscar Arias Sánchez Heredia 8 May 2006 – 8 May 2010
(2006)
Businessman and lawyer National Liberation Party Laura Chinchilla Miranda and Kevin Casas Zamora
46 Laura 4 (cropped).jpg Laura Chinchilla Miranda San José 8 May 2010 – 8 May 2014
(2010)
Political scientist National Liberation Party Alfio Piva Mesén and Luis Liberman Ginsburg
47 President Luis Guillermo Solis.jpg Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera San José 8 May 2014 – 8 May 2018
(2014)
College professor, political scientist, sociologist, historian Citizens' Action Party Helio Fallas Venegas and Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría
48 Carlos Alvarado Quesada Future Affairs Berlin 2019.jpg Carlos Alvarado Quesada San José May 8, 2018 – May 8, 2022
(2018)
Writer, journalist, political scientist Citizens' Action Party Epsy Campbell Barr and Marvin Rodríguez Cordero
49 Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesion (cropped).jpg Rodrigo Chaves Robles San José May 8, 2022-
(2022)
Economist Social Democratic Progress Party Stephan Brunner Neibig and Mary Munive Angermüller

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The Dictatorship of the Tinoco brothers, also Tinochist or Peliquist Dictatorship, or Tinoco regime is the period of Costa Rica in which the military dictatorship led by Federico Tinoco Granados as de facto president and his brother José Joaquín Tinoco Granados as Minister of War was in place. It began after the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état on January 27, 1917, and culminated with the departure of Tinoco from Costa Rica to France on August 13, 1919 three days after the murder of his brother and after a series of armed insurrections and massive civil protests known as the Sapoá Revolution and the 1919 student civic movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calderonism</span>

Calderonism or Calderonismo is a political and ideological doctrine of Costa Rica, which emerged in the 1940s under the leadership of caudillo Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, before, during and after he was president with his National Republican Party, and which was continued by various political forces such as Unity Coalition, National Unification Party and the current Social Christian Unity Party and its split the Social Christian Republican Party. It is together with Liberacionismo one of the two traditional political tendencies of Costa Rican politics, with which it represented a certain type of Costa Rican bipartisanship from 1986 to 2002 and revolves around the Calderón family. It is a form of populist and Catholic Christian socialism very similar to Argentine Peronism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Figuerism</span> Political and ideological movement in Costa Rica

Figuerism or Figuerismo is a political and ideological movement in Costa Rica of social democracy and democratic socialism initiated by José Figueres Ferrer, who exercised the presidency of Costa Rica on three occasions; as de facto ruler after the Costa Rican revolution between 1948 and 1949, and then as democratically elected president twice: 1953–1958 and 1970–1974. Several Costa Rican political parties proclaim themselves as continuators of figuerism and as their most faithful representatives, among them the National Liberation Party, Citizens' Action Party and the Patriotic Alliance, all of whom pay homage to the figure of José Figueres and have personalities in their ranks close to the former president Figueres and of figuerist extraction.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Obregón, Clotilde (2002). Nuestros gobernantes: verdades del pasado para comprender el futuro. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN   9789977677019 . Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  2. Msc. Marvin Carvajal Barrantes. La independencia de Costa Rica (2011) extraído en 2013
  3. http://geografiahistoriasecundaria.blogspot.com/p/la-crisis-de-la-republica-liberal-1914.html [ user-generated source ]
  4. 1 2 Jara Murillo, Carla Victoria (2007). "EL MENSAJE PRESIDENCIAL COSTARRICENSE DESDE LA ETNOGRAFÍA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN". Filología y Lingüística XXXIII (2): 141–178, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  5. "Aberraciones históricas en política partidaria".