 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|---|
 Costa Ricaportal |
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 13 February 1944. [1] Teodoro Picado Michalski of the Victory Bloc won the presidential election with 75% of the vote. Voter turnout was 43%. [2]
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|---|
| Costa Ricaportal |
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 13 February 1944. [1] Teodoro Picado Michalski of the Victory Bloc won the presidential election with 75% of the vote. Voter turnout was 43%. [2]
Being deputy and president of the Congress, Teodoro Picado Michalski was officially invested as presidential candidate of the National Republican Party on May 2, 1942, two years before the elections. [3]
Having been elected deputy communist leader Manuel Mora in the mid-term elections of 1942, Mora was approached by businessman Jorge Hine (who was rumored as a possible candidate of the right-wing opposition in the next elections). Hine tried to enlist Mora in a coup d'état that the conservatives were plotting against Calderón, but Mora declined and the attack was never carried out nor did Hine appear as a candidate. [3] Mora and the communist leadership, on the other hand, were in negotiations with the government and the Catholic Church led by Monsignor Víctor Sanabria Martínez. As part of the strategy of appeasement to the Church the Communist Party is formally dissolved and re-founded under the name Popular Vanguard Party. Consulted Monsignor Sanabria by Mora on whether there is an inconvenience in that Catholics militate in the new party, Sanabria responds that having studied their plan of government Christians have no moral dilemma in voting for the party. [3]
The opposition nominates former President León Cortés Castro, formerly Calderón's political godfather and who had resolutely supported him when Calderón was a candidate in 1940, now known enemies. [3] Cortés was known for his fascist sympathies which was used in campaign against him, especially because the country was at that time officially at war against Nazi Germany and the Axis powers since 1941. [3] This probably catapulted the Communists to ally with Calderón, being that the Popular Fronts to stop fascism were a guideline of Moscow. In any case, Cortés had the support of the richest conservative and business groups (which at some point gravitated around Hine) while Teodoro Picado became a candidate backed by the popular bases of Calderonism, Communism and the Catholicism. [3]
The campaign was quite harsh due to the increasing tensions between the ruling party and the opposition. There were terrorist attacks perpetrated by both sides. [4]
In general, the ruling party focused on highlighting the social achievements of Calderón's administration (who strongly supported the candidate Picado) and promised to deepen them, threatening to reach power Cortes would abolish them by having on their side the most reactionary segments and conservatives of the oligarchy and maintained the accusations of Fascist. [4] Cortes, meanwhile, tried to get rid of these accusations and promised efficiency in public administration. [4] The Democrats also accused the government of political persecution, closure of media opponents of the government and dissolution of political meetings of the Party. Although Mora also accused of threats against his person and aggressions against his supporters by the cortesistas. [4]
The violence during the elections left one dead in Sabanilla and three in Llano Grande. [4] Three days later, while the Picadista triumph was being held, the presidential candidacy of Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia was announced for the next elections. [4]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teodoro Picado Michalski | National Republican Party | 52,830 | 75.06 | |
| León Cortés Castro | Democratic Party | 17,550 | 24.94 | |
| Total | 70,380 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 70,380 | 100.00 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| Total votes | 70,380 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 163,100 | 43.15 | ||
| Source: Nohlen | ||||
Teodoro Picado Michalski was the president of Costa Rica from 1944 to 1948.
The Costa Rican civil war was a civil war in Costa Rica from 12 March to 24 April 1948. The conflict began after the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, dominated by pro-government representatives, voted on 1 March 1948 to annul the results of the presidential elections of 8 February, alleging that the triumph of opposition candidate Otilio Ulate over the ruling party's Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia had been achieved by fraud. This triggered an armed uprising led by José Figueres Ferrer, a businessman who had not participated in the elections, against the government of President Teodoro Picado.
José María Vicente Esteban Rafael de Jesús Calderón Muñoz, known as Rafael Calderón Muñoz was a Costa Rican politician and physician. He is cited as "one of the leaders of a circle of Catholic politicians with social concerns". Calderón Muñoz was vice president from 1940 until his death.
Francisco Calderón Guardia was a Costa Rican politician.
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia was a Costa Rican medical doctor and politician, who served as President from 1940 to 1944.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 14 February 1932. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the National Republican Party won the presidential election, whilst the party also won the parliamentary election, in which they received 47% of the vote. Voter turnout was 64%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 9 February 1936. León Cortés Castro of the National Republican Party won the presidential election, whilst the party also won the parliamentary election, in which they received 59% of the vote. Voter turnout was 69%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 11 February 1940. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia of the Independent National Republican Party won the presidential election. Voter turnout was 81% in the presidential election and 66% in the parliamentary election.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 8 February 1948. Otilio Ulate Blanco of the National Union Party won the presidential election with 55% of the vote, although the elections were deemed fraudulent by members of the governing National Republican Party. The results were annulled by Congress, leading to the six-week Costa Rican Civil War later that year. Following the war, the results of the parliamentary election were also annulled.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 26 July 1953. José Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 67% in the presidential election and 68% in the parliamentary election. Local elections were also held.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1966. José Joaquín Trejos Fernández of the National Unification Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.4%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1986. Óscar Arias of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.8%.
The National Republican Party was a political party in Costa Rica.
Liberalism in Costa Rica is a political philosophy with a long and complex history. Liberals were the hegemonic political group for most of Costa Rica's history especially during the periods of the Free State and the First Republic, however, as the liberal model exhausted itself and new more left-wing reformist movements clashed during the Costa Rican Civil War liberalism was relegated to a secondary role after the Second Costa Rican Republic with the development of Costa Rica's Welfare State and its two-party system controlled by social-democratic and Christian democratic parties.
The Reform State or Reformist State is a period in Costa Rican history characterized by the change in political and economic paradigm switching from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez faire of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. The period ranges from approximately 1940 starting with the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and ends around the 1980s with the first neoliberal and Washington Consensus reforms that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
Social Guarantees were a series of progressive political reforms made in Costa Rica in the 1940s as a result of the alliance between various political and religious figures, for the benefit of the working classes. Although there were several actors behind them, the three main leaders of them were:
The Constitutional Congress of Costa Rica was the unicameral parliament of the country for most of its history. It was established in the Political Constitution of 1871. It consisted of 43 deputies and 18 alternates elected proportionally by provinces at the rate of one deputy for every 15,000 inhabitants with, among other powers, being able to choose the President in case none of the candidates obtained the minimum required to be elected, as happened in the 1913 election, the first election that were held with direct popular vote, and in which none of the candidates; Máximo Fernández Alvarado, Carlos Durán Cartín and Rafael Yglesias Castro, gathered enough votes to win in the first round. It was therefore the responsibility of the Congress to choose the president from among the candidates, but all of them withdrew their name and Alfredo González Flores was chosen.
The Founding Junta of the Second Republic was a de facto government which existed in the Republic of Costa Rica from May 8, 1948, to November 8, 1949, with the overthrow of the constitutional president Teodoro Picado Michalski, by a group of revolutionaries headed by José Figueres Ferrer.
Antisemitism in Costa Rica refers to the anti-Jewish sentiment and prejudice in the Republic of Costa Rica.
Calderonism or Calderonismo is a political and ideological doctrine of Costa Rica, which emerged in the 1940s under the leadership of caudillo Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, before, during and after he was president with his National Republican Party, and which was continued by various political forces such as Unity Coalition, National Unification Party and the current Social Christian Unity Party and its split the Social Christian Republican Party. It is together with Liberacionismo one of the two traditional political tendencies of Costa Rican politics, with which it represented a certain type of Costa Rican bipartisanship from 1986 to 2002 and revolves around the Calderón family. It is a form of populist and Catholic Christian socialism very similar to Argentine Peronism.
