Juan Rafael Mora Porras was President of Costa Rica from 1849 to 1859.
Rafael Moya Murillo was a Costa Rican politician and businessman. He was the son of José Moya y Saborido and Micaela Murillo y Rojas. He worked as a farmer and became one of the largest coffee growers in the province of Heredia. He also took an interest in mining and trade. In 1844 he was elected to the Costa Rican Senate. As the oldest senator he was temporarily put in charge of the country's head of State on November 29, 1844 and held that position until April 30, 1845.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1966. José Joaquín Trejos Fernández of the National Unification Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.4%.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 20 May 1825. In the election liberal Juan Mora Fernández was re-elected as Head of State, a position that he occupied provisionally by mandate of the Congress. The elections in this period were held in two levels, first voted by citizens exercising their public vote who thus chose the electors who would formally elect the president. The representation by region was; 11 for San José, 8 for Cartago, 8 for Heredia, 5 for Alajuela, 3 for Escazú, 2 for Ujarrás, 1 for Térraba and 1 for Bagaces. Mora received the vote of all provinces except Alajuela who voted unanimously for his rival Mariano Montealegre.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 January 1829. Juan Mora Fernández was re-elected in his position by the majority of electors. The elections in this period were conducted in two levels, first all Costa Ricans capable of voting according to the Constitution who cast a public vote chose the Electores according to the proportional representation of the population of each location; 11 for San José, 9 for Alajuela, 8 for Cartago, 8 for Heredia, 3 for Escazú, 3 for Ujarrás and 3 for the recently annexed Nicoya. Mora received the unanimous vote of all the provinces except for 2 electoral votes in San José, 1 in Alajuela and 2 in Heredia.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica between 3 and 16 February 1833. Manuel Aguilar Chacón, supported by liberal groups from San Jose and Alajuela, obtained 21 electoral votes cast by the second-degree electors elected by universal male suffrage weeks before. However, the minimum necessary to win was 22 votes according to the constitution at the time, thus the election was declared null and it would correspond to the Parliament, then called the Constitutional Congress, to choose the Head of State, choosing conservative and monarchist José Rafael Gallegos.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica in 1844. They were the first in which direct suffrage was used to elect the Head of State, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of 9 April 1844. A method that was abolished by the next election returning to indirect suffrage until 1913.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 11 April 1847, shortly after a coup d'état that overthrew the first head of state elected in direct elections; Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla who was formally overthrown although he had previously left office without resigning. The de facto president was José María Alfaro Zamora who was a candidate but was defeated by José María Castro Madriz.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 4 April 1853. President Juan Rafael Mora Porras was re-elected, having been elected in 1849 to end the period of José María Castro Madriz.
General elections were held in Costa Rica between 3 and 7 April 1859. Juan Rafael Mora Porras, hero of the Filibuster War, was re-elected for a third time. However, Mora would not finish his term because he would be overthrown by his political opponents on 14 August later the same year.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 8 April 1860. They were held one year after the previous elections in which Juan Rafael Mora Porras was re-elected. However, Mora was deposed months after his reelection and one of the coup leaders, José María Montealegre Fernández, assumed power. Montealegre immediately called for elections and a Constituent Assembly. The Moristas postulated Manuel Mora Fernández, relative of Juan Rafael, without success.
The 1869 Costa Rican presidential election took place while the dictator Jesús Jiménez Zamora was in power after the coup against José María Castro Madriz, whose constitutional term was unable to finish. Jiménez Zamora was the sole candidate, during his government he repressed the press and his political opponents. The 1869 Constitution only allowed men over 25 years old owners of a property that had a value higher than 200 pesos to vote.
After the coup against dictator Jesús Jiménez Zamora on April 27, 1870, and after the brief government of Bruno Carranza Ramírez, Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez succeeded on August 8 and elections were called by the then provisional president Guardia on 8 of May 1872. It was the first time that the presidency was exercised by a military.
The 1876 Costa Rican general election was held on April 2, 1876. Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz was elected president unanimously thanks to the influence of the acting president Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez who practically hand picked him. At that time and according to the Constitution, there were two electoral rounds; first all citizens legally allowed to vote chose electors and then the voters voted for the president.
The 1889 Costa Rican general election was held between 7 October 1889 and 1 December 1889. It was particularly notorious for been the first time in Costa Rica's history that political parties took part in an election. The date of November 7 is still commemorated in Costa Rica as "Democracy's Day" due to the outcome of the liberal government accepting the results of the conservative opposition, as to that point, authoritarian governments were the norm.
The 1894 Costa Rican general election was held between 4 and 6 of February and 1 April of that year. The election was quite controversial due to the questionable practices from the government of José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón who supported his son-in-law Rafael Yglesias using all sorts of measures to assure his victory, going as far as to even arrest his main rival.
The 1910 Costa Rican general election was held during the presidency of Cleto González Víquez. This was the last time that indirect elections were held in Costa Rica as for the next one in 1913 the direct vote was implemented. Liberal lawyer Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno was elected for the first time. Jiménez was very popular in part because of his struggles against the United Fruit Company's abusive operations in the country. Jiménez was proclaimed candidate in the Teatro Variedades during the first Republican National Convention, Costa Rica's first primary election. Jiménez won easily over the other candidate, former president Rafael Yglesias who ruled an authoritarian, though short-lived, regime.
The Free State of Costa Rica was the name acquired by Costa Rica after its split from the Federal Republic of Central America in 1838 and until the proclamation of the First Costa Rican Republic in 1847.
The First Costa Rican Republic is the name given to the historical period between the proclamation of the Republic of Costa Rica in the 1848 reformed Constitution and the official decree by then President José María Castro Madriz on 31 August 1848 and the Costa Rican Civil War of 1948 which ended with the enactment of the current 1949 Constitution on 7 November 1949 starting the Second Costa Rican Republic.
The Reform State or Reformist State is a period in Costa Rican history characterized by the change in political and economic paradigm switching from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez faire of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. The period ranges from approximately 1940 starting with the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and ends around the 1980s with the first neoliberal and Washington Consensus reforms that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
