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 Costa Ricaportal |
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 14 February 1932. [1]
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the National Republican Party won the presidential election, whilst the party also won the parliamentary election, in which they received 47% of the vote. [2] Voter turnout was 64%. [3]
In 1931 Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno was proclaimed in absentia presidential nominee in the National Republican Party’s convention, where an incident happens; four people shout "Long live the Communist Party!" [4] [ clarification needed ]
When informed he has been elected candidate Jiménez said he would consider it. He was reluctant, he had withdrawn from politics to his farm, saying he would accept only if he had enough citizen support and economic support from others. The diverse republican factions (all claiming to be heirs of the historic Republican Party of Máximo Fernández) were divided looking for candidates. Alberto Echandi Montero of the Agricultural Party and León Cortés Castro of the Republican were rumored as possible candidates, but in the end they decided not to run. [4]
The plenipotentiary minister in the United States, Manuel Castro Quesada, asked for a license[ clarification needed ] and returns to the country with political aspirations. [4] This generated a protest inside the cabinet of Cleto González Víquez that voted in favor of dismissing Castro, with a negative vote from the Secretary of Public Safety and son-in-law of González, Arturo Quirós Carranza. The matter is brought into the public light, which provokes the resignation of the secretaries who led the ousting of Castro; Tomás Soley Güell, Gregorio Escalante and Octavio Beeche. Gonzalez's resignation was rumored, but it did not happen. [4]
The oppositionist Leon Cortes raised strong accusations against the government and against Castro whom he accused of being a puppet of the government. [4] Castro replied:
May Mr. Cortés calm down his circus lion frenzy; Let it continue to be the humorous note of the campaign and walk with its undulating cloak from town to town.
Following the scandal and the ministerial crisis, Jiménez Oreamuno announced that he would not be pursuing his candidacy. This generated new interested in politics. The Agricultural, Republican and Constitutional parties offer the candidacy to Carlos María Jiménez Ortiz, who nevertheless declines. [4]
Castro Quesada is a candidate for the Republican Union Party, [5] supported by the presidents Máximo Fernández Alvarado and Alfredo González Flores, bankers, ranchers (including future presidential candidate Fernando Castro Cervantes), intellectuals and the vestiges of the Reformist Party. On the other hand, Jiménez Oreamuno accepts the candidacy finally on July 16, which generates a manifestation of spontaneous celebration in Cartago. He accepted after reaching an agreement with Echandi and Cortés, his former political adversaries. [5]
Meanwhile, the Republican Club selects Carlos María Jiménez as its candidate. In addition, the new Nationalist Party of the businessman of German descent, Maximiliano Koberg Bolandi, participates. [5]
The campaign was impregnated with attacks referring to the actions of the parties during the Tinoquista coup of 1917. Jiménez Oreamuno was accused of not having been a real opponent of Tinoco, while Castro Quesada and his ally González Flores (the president overthrown by Tinoco), Jiménez accused them of seeking US intervention. [5]
Jorge Volio Jiménez affirms to be in favor of returning to the public vote (which had been abolished in 1925 and replaced by the secret vote) what many liberals consider a step backwards in democratic reforms. Volio also affirms to be in favor of the Female Suffrage to which Jiménez is opposed assuring that the women are not freethinkers and they will vote by who says the Church. [5]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno | National Republican Party | 35,408 | 46.65 | |
| Manuel Castro Quesada | Republican Union | 22,077 | 29.09 | |
| Carlos María Jiménez Ortiz | Republican Party | 17,316 | 22.82 | |
| Max Koberg Bolandi | Nationalist Party | 1,096 | 1.44 | |
| Total | 75,897 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 75,897 | 100.00 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| Total votes | 75,897 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 118,186 | 64.22 | ||
| Source: Nohlen | ||||
| Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Republican Party | 35,399 | 46.68 | |
| Republican Party | 17,302 | 22.82 | |
| Republican Union | 22,032 | 29.06 | |
| Nationalist Party | 1,094 | 1.44 | |
| Total | 75,827 | 100.00 | |
| Valid votes | 75,827 | 100.00 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Total votes | 75,827 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 118,186 | 64.16 | |
| Source: Nohlen | |||
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The National Republican Party was a political party in Costa Rica.
The Republican Party was a political party in Costa Rica.
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The Partido Agrícola was a political party of Costa Rica. It was founded for the 1923 general election and ran as candidate the wealthy aristocrat and lawyer Alberto Echandi Montero, father of the future president Mario Echandi Jiménez.
Liberalism in Costa Rica is a political philosophy with a long and complex history. Liberals were the hegemonic political group for most of Costa Rica's history especially during the periods of the Free State and the First Republic, however, as the liberal model exhausted itself and new more left-wing reformist movements clashed during the Costa Rican Civil War liberalism was relegated to a secondary role after the Second Costa Rican Republic with the development of Costa Rica's Welfare State and its two-party system controlled by social-democratic and Christian democratic parties.
The Reform State or Reformist State is the period in 20th-century Costa Rican history when the country switched from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez-faire approach of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. It began about 1940 during the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia, and ended in the 1980s with the neoliberal reforms inherent in the Washington Consensus that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
The Political Constitution of Costa Rica of 1917 was a constitution that was in force for two years; from 1917 to 1919. It was promulgated by then dictator Federico Tinoco Granados after the coup d'état that overthrew Alfredo González Flores in 1917. It was drafted by the ex-presidents Bernardo Soto Alfaro, Rafael Iglesias Castro, Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, Cleto González Víquez and Carlos Durán Cartín. The presidents José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón and Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno were invited to participate in the process as others of their status, but they refused to do so with various excuses.
The Dictatorship of the Tinoco brothers, also Tinochist or Peliquist Dictatorship, or Tinoco regime is the period of Costa Rica in which the military dictatorship led by Federico Tinoco Granados as de facto president and his brother José Joaquín Tinoco Granados as Minister of War was in place. It began after the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état on January 27, 1917, and culminated with the departure of Tinoco from Costa Rica to France on August 13, 1919 three days after the murder of his brother and after a series of armed insurrections and massive civil protests known as the Sapoá Revolution and the 1919 student civic movement.
