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General elections were held in Costa Rica between 3 and 7 April 1859. [1] Juan Rafael Mora Porras, hero of the Filibuster War, was re-elected for a third time. However, Mora would not finish his term because he would be overthrown by his political opponents on 14 August later the same year. [2]
The 1859 constitution in force at that time only allowed men over 25 years old and owners of a property valued at least 200 pesos to cast the vote. [1]
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Juan Rafael Mora Porras | 87 | 92.55 |
| José María Castro Madriz | 2 | 2.13 |
| José María Cañas | 1 | 1.06 |
| Vicente Aguilar Cubero | 1 | 1.06 |
| José Joaquín Mora Porras | 1 | 1.06 |
| Juan José Ulloa Solares | 1 | 1.06 |
| Julián Volio Llorente | 1 | 1.06 |
| Total | 94 | 100.00 |
| Source: TSE | ||
José María Montealegre Fernández was President of Costa Rica from 1859 to 1863.
Juan Rafael Mora Porras was President of Costa Rica from 1849 to 1859.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1966. José Joaquín Trejos Fernández of the National Unification Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.4%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 1970. Former President José Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 83.3%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 3 February 1974. Daniel Oduber Quirós of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 79.9%.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 20 May 1825. In the election liberal Juan Mora Fernández was re-elected as Head of State, a position that he occupied provisionally by mandate of the Congress. The elections in this period were held in two levels, first voted by citizens exercising their public vote who thus chose the electors who would formally elect the president. The representation by region was; 11 for San José, 8 for Cartago, 8 for Heredia, 5 for Alajuela, 3 for Escazú, 2 for Ujarrás, 1 for Térraba and 1 for Bagaces. Mora received the vote of all provinces except Alajuela who voted unanimously for his rival Mariano Montealegre.
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 January 1829. Juan Mora Fernández was re-elected in his position by the majority of electors. The elections in this period were conducted in two levels, first all Costa Ricans capable of voting according to the Constitution who cast a public vote chose the Electores according to the proportional representation of the population of each location; 11 for San José, 9 for Alajuela, 8 for Cartago, 8 for Heredia, 3 for Escazú, 3 for Ujarrás and 3 for the recently annexed Nicoya. Mora received the unanimous vote of all the provinces except for 2 electoral votes in San José, 1 in Alajuela and 2 in Heredia.
General elections were held in Costa Rica between 2 and 9 December 1849. They were the first presidential elections after the Reformed Constitution of 1848 created the title of "President". Previously the equivalent office was called "Head of State".
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 4 April 1853. President Juan Rafael Mora Porras was re-elected, having been elected in 1849 to end the period of José María Castro Madriz.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 8 April 1860. They were held one year after the previous elections in which Juan Rafael Mora Porras was re-elected. However, Mora was deposed months after his reelection and one of the coup leaders, José María Montealegre Fernández, assumed power. Montealegre immediately called for elections and a Constituent Assembly. The Moristas postulated Manuel Mora Fernández, relative of Juan Rafael, without success.
In the 1866 Costa Rican general election José María Castro Madriz was elected president of Costa Rica in April 1st, 1866 for the 1866-1869 period, which would not finish since in 1868 he was overthrown by his predecessor Jesús Jiménez Zamora. Madriz had previously been president and had been overthrown in his first presidency.
The 1869 Costa Rican presidential election took place while the dictator Jesús Jiménez Zamora was in power after the coup against José María Castro Madriz, whose constitutional term was unable to finish. Jiménez Zamora was the sole candidate, during his government he repressed the press and his political opponents. The 1869 Constitution only allowed men over 25 years old owners of a property that had a value higher than 200 pesos to vote.
The 1876 Costa Rican general election was held on April 2, 1876. Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz was elected president unanimously thanks to the influence of the acting president Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez who practically hand picked him. At that time and according to the Constitution, there were two electoral rounds; first all citizens legally allowed to vote chose electors and then the voters voted for the president.
The 1882 presidential election of Costa Rica in 1882 was the first after a long line of successive de facto governments following the coup against Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz by his former ally Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez. Vicente Herrera Zeledón, Costa Rica's first conservative president, was placed in Esquivel's place, but in practice he was a puppet of Guardia's authoritarian regime. After the brief presidency of Herrera who resigned using health reasons as excuse, the political elite appoints Guardia to replace him. However Guardia died in 1882 and elections were called, which were won by Freemason and liberal Próspero Fernández Oreamuno member of the Olympus Generation, an elite group of liberal intellectuals nicknamed as such due to their arrogance.
The 1886 Costa Rican general election was held on 4 April 1886. After the death of Próspero Fernández Oreamuno in March 1885, Bernardo Soto Alfaro took over the presidency temporarily for the remainder of the term. Soto was a thirty-year-old young man who had to command the country in the war against Guatemala that sought to re-establish the Federal Republic of Central America. Soto was a freemason and liberal, belonging to "The Olympus", a group of liberal intellectuals who would have a great influence on Costa Rican politics and many would hold the Presidency of the Republic.
The 1889 Costa Rican general election was held between 7 October 1889 and 1 December 1889. It was particularly notorious for been the first time in Costa Rica's history that political parties took part in an election. The date of November 7 is still commemorated in Costa Rica as "Democracy's Day" due to the outcome of the liberal government accepting the results of the conservative opposition, as to that point, authoritarian governments were the norm.
The 1894 Costa Rican general election was held between 4 and 6 of February and 1 April of that year. The election was quite controversial due to the questionable practices from the government of José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón who supported his son-in-law Rafael Yglesias using all sorts of measures to assure his victory, going as far as to even arrest his main rival.
The 1910 Costa Rican general election was held during the presidency of Cleto González Víquez. This was the last time that indirect elections were held in Costa Rica as for the next one in 1913 the direct vote was implemented. Liberal lawyer Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno was elected for the first time. Jiménez was very popular in part because of his struggles against the United Fruit Company's abusive operations in the country. Jiménez was proclaimed candidate in the Teatro Variedades during the first Republican National Convention, Costa Rica's first primary election. Jiménez won easily over the other candidate, former president Rafael Yglesias who ruled an authoritarian, though short-lived, regime.
The First Costa Rican Republic is the name given to the historical period between the proclamation of the Republic of Costa Rica in the 1848 reformed Constitution and the official decree by then President José María Castro Madriz on 31 August 1848 and the Costa Rican Civil War of 1948 which ended with the enactment of the current 1949 Constitution on 7 November 1949 starting the Second Costa Rican Republic.
The Reform State or Reformist State is a period in Costa Rican history characterized by the change in political and economic paradigm switching from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez faire of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. The period ranges from approximately 1940 starting with the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and ends around the 1980s with the first neoliberal and Washington Consensus reforms that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
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