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Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results by canton | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly 29 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Costa Ricaportal |
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 4 February 1962. [1] Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%. [2]
During Mario Echandi's presidency Rafael Angel Calderón, his family and supporters in exile, were allowed to return and a general amnesty was called for everyone involved in the still recent Civil War of 1948. [3] Calderón was elected Congressman in the 1958 election. But meanwhile in the past election the National Liberation Party was split due to the separation of the “Rossist” faction in this election Calderon's candidacy unified PLN and other political allies into a strong anti-Calderonist ballot. [3]
Both former presidents Otilio Ulate from National Union and Calderón himself from National Republican became candidates. PLN's candidate was, as in 1958, Francisco Orlich, one of the party's founder, commander of one of the fronts during the civil war and Figueres’ close friend. [3]
A fourth small left-wing party named Popular Democratic Action led by socialist thinker Enrique Obregón also took part in the election nominating Obregon. [3] Communism was illegal according to the Constitution and Marxist Parties were not allowed, but Obregon's party was officially socialist so the prohibition was not endorsed. Even so, Obregón did have the support of the traditional leadership and militancy of the (outlawed) Communist Party. [3]
All parties promised land reform. Calderon's publicity was particular in saying “Yesterday social reform, today land reform” taking advantage of the socialist reforms during his presidency. [3] As the Cuban Revolution was recent the anti-Communist speech was common. All main parties accused each other of having links with Communism; PLN because of its socialist ideology (social democracy) and Figueres alleged friendship with Fidel Castro and Calderón because of his previous alliance with the Communists in the 1940s. [3] The far-right anti-Communist group Free Costa Rica Movement paid for a strong anti-Communist propaganda, especially against Popular Democratic Action. [3]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich | National Liberation Party | 192,850 | 50.29 | |
| Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia | National Republican Party | 135,533 | 35.34 | |
| Otilio Ulate Blanco | National Union Party | 51,740 | 13.49 | |
| Enrique Obregón Valverde | Popular Democratic Action | 3,339 | 0.87 | |
| Total | 383,462 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 383,462 | 97.97 | ||
| Invalid votes | 5,020 | 1.28 | ||
| Blank votes | 2,924 | 0.75 | ||
| Total votes | 391,406 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 483,980 | 80.87 | ||
| Source: Election Resources | ||||
| Province | Orlich % | Calderón % | Ulate % | Obregón % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 San José | 49.1 | 36.7 | 13.3 | 0.9 |
 Alajuela | 51.9 | 29.5 | 18.1 | 0.6 |
 Cartago | 56.7 | 30.8 | 12.1 | 0.5 |
 Heredia | 47.6 | 38.8 | 12.5 | 1.1 |
 Puntarenas | 43.9 | 42.2 | 11.9 | 2.0 |
 Limón | 45.0 | 46.7 | 7.3 | 1.0 |
 Guanacaste | 54.4 | 33.3 | 11.7 | 0.6 |
| Total | 50.3 | 35.3 | 13.5 | 0.9 |
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| National Liberation Party | 184,135 | 48.85 | 29 | +9 | |
| National Republican Party | 126,249 | 33.49 | 18 | +8 | |
| National Union Party | 50,021 | 13.27 | 8 | –2 | |
| Popular Democratic Action | 9,256 | 2.46 | 2 | New | |
| Solidarist Action Party | 3,358 | 0.89 | 0 | New | |
| Alajuelan Party | 1,698 | 0.45 | 0 | New | |
| National Depuration Movement | 1,192 | 0.32 | 0 | New | |
| Guanacastecan Independent Union | 903 | 0.24 | 0 | New | |
| National Renewal Party | 125 | 0.03 | 0 | New | |
| Total | 376,937 | 100.00 | 57 | +12 | |
| Valid votes | 376,937 | 96.28 | |||
| Invalid votes | 6,377 | 1.63 | |||
| Blank votes | 8,186 | 2.09 | |||
| Total votes | 391,500 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 483,980 | 80.89 | |||
| Source: Election Resources | |||||
| Province | PLN | PRN | PUN | ADP | PAS | PA | MDN | UIG | PREN | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| San José | 47.1 | 9 | 34.4 | 7 | 13.0 | 2 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.2 | 0 | - | - | 0.8 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Alajuela | 50.3 | 6 | 28.0 | 3 | 17.0 | 2 | 2.3 | 0 | - | - | 2.4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cartago | 56.2 | 4 | 29.8 | 2 | 12.8 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Heredia | 47.6 | 2 | 36.8 | 1 | 12.6 | 1 | 3.0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Puntarenas | 42.9 | 3 | 40.1 | 2 | 12.1 | 1 | 4.9 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Limón | 45.3 | 2 | 44.1 | 1 | 7.0 | 0 | 2.8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 0 |
| Guanacaste | 52.3 | 3 | 32.2 | 2 | 11.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.8 | 0 | - | - |
| Total | 48.9 | 29 | 33.5 | 18 | 13.3 | 8 | 2.5 | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alderpeople | +/– | Municipal syndics | +/– | |||||
| National Liberation Party | 187,293 | 49.87 | 148 | 23 | 280 | +17 | ||
| National Republican Party | 126,849 | 33.78 | 93 | +46 | 42 | +19 | ||
| National Union Party | 51,239 | 13.64 | 31 | –39 | 2 | –30 | ||
| Popular Democratic Action | 6,643 | 1.77 | 2 | New | 2 | New | ||
| Solidarist Action Party | 1,371 | 0.37 | 1 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Alajuelan Party | 724 | 0.19 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Guanacastecan Independent Union Party | 550 | 0.15 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| National Depuration Movement | 470 | 0.13 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| National Renewal Party | 416 | 0.11 | 0 | New | 0 | New | ||
| Total | 375,555 | 100.00 | 275 | +21 | 326 | +4 | ||
| Valid votes | 375,555 | 95.88 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 5,932 | 1.51 | ||||||
| Blank votes | 10,221 | 2.61 | ||||||
| Total votes | 391,708 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 483,980 | 80.93 | ||||||
| Source: TSE [4] | ||||||||
Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich was the 34th President of Costa Rica from 1962 to 1966. He was an ethnic Croat, a descendant of Croatian settlers from the town Punat on the island of Krk, Croatia. His villa in Punat is named "Villa Costarica".
Mario José Echandi Jiménez was the 33rd President of Costa Rica, serving from 1958 to 1962.
The National Liberation Party, nicknamed the verdiblancos, is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social-democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives.
The Social Christian Unity Party is a centre-right political party in Costa Rica.
The Costa Rican Civil War took place from 12 March to 24 April 1948. The conflict began after the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, dominated by pro-government representatives, voted on 1 March 1948 to annul the results of the presidential elections of 8 February, alleging that the triumph of opposition candidate Otilio Ulate over the ruling party's Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia had been achieved by fraud. This triggered an armed uprising led by José Figueres Ferrer, a businessman who had not participated in the elections, against the government of President Teodoro Picado.
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia was a Costa Rican medical doctor and politician, who served as President from 1940 to 1944.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 8 February 1948. Otilio Ulate Blanco of the National Union Party won the presidential election with 55% of the vote, although the elections were deemed fraudulent by members of the governing National Republican Party. The results were annulled by Congress, leading to the six-week Costa Rican Civil War later that year. Following the war, the results of the parliamentary election were also annulled.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 26 July 1953. José Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 67% in the presidential election and 68% in the parliamentary election. Local elections were also held.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1958. Mario Echandi Jiménez of the National Union Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 64.7%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1966. José Joaquín Trejos Fernández of the National Unification Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 1970. Former President José Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 83%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 3 February 1974. Daniel Oduber Quirós of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 80%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1986. Óscar Arias of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 82%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1994. José María Figueres of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%.
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 1998. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez of the Social Christian Unity Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 70%, the lowest since the 1950s.
Liberalism in Costa Rica is a political philosophy with a long and complex history. Liberals were the hegemonic political group for most of Costa Rica's history especially during the periods of the Free State and the First Republic, however, as the liberal model exhausted itself and new more left-wing reformist movements clashed during the Costa Rican Civil War liberalism was relegated to a secondary role after the Second Costa Rican Republic with the development of Costa Rica's Welfare State and its two-party system controlled by social-democratic and Christian democratic parties.
The Reform State or Reformist State is a period in Costa Rican history characterized by a change in the political and economic paradigm. During this period, the country switched from the uncontrolled capitalism and laissez faire approach of the Liberal State into a more economically progressive Welfare State. The period ranges from approximately 1940, starting with the presidency of social reformer Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia, and ends around the 1980s with the neoliberal reforms inherent in the Washington Consensus that began after the government of Luis Alberto Monge.
The Founding Junta of the Second Republic was a de facto government which existed in the Republic of Costa Rica from May 8, 1948, to November 8, 1949, with the overthrow of the constitutional president Teodoro Picado Michalski, by a group of revolutionaries headed by José Figueres Ferrer.
Calderonism or Calderonismo is a political and ideological doctrine of Costa Rica, which emerged in the 1940s under the leadership of caudillo Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, before, during and after he was president with his National Republican Party, and which was continued by various political forces such as Unity Coalition, National Unification Party and the current Social Christian Unity Party and its split the Social Christian Republican Party. It is together with Liberacionismo one of the two traditional political tendencies of Costa Rican politics, with which it represented a certain type of Costa Rican bipartisanship from 1986 to 2002 and revolves around the Calderón family. It is a form of populist and Catholic Christian socialism very similar to Argentine Peronism.
Figuerism or Figuerismo is a political and ideological movement in Costa Rica of social democracy and democratic socialism initiated by José Figueres Ferrer, who exercised the presidency of Costa Rica on three occasions; as de facto ruler after the Costa Rican revolution between 1948 and 1949, and then as democratically elected president twice: 1953–1958 and 1970–1974. Several Costa Rican political parties proclaim themselves as continuators of figuerism and as their most faithful representatives, among them the National Liberation Party, Citizens' Action Party and the Patriotic Alliance, all of whom pay homage to the figure of José Figueres and have personalities in their ranks close to the former president Figueres and of figuerist extraction.
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