Foreign relations of Costa Rica

Costa Rica is an active member of the international community and, in 1983, claimed it was for neutrality. ^[1] Due to certain powerful constituencies^{[ who? ]} favoring its methods, it has a weight in world affairs far beyond its size. The country lobbied aggressively for the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and became the first nation to recognize the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights Court, based in San José.

The foreign affairs of the Republic of Costa Rica are a function of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship.

History

Costa Rica gained election as president of the Group of 77 in the United Nations in 1995. That term ended in 1997 with the South-South Conference held in San Jose.

Costa Rica occupied a nonpermanent seat in the Security Council from 1997 to 1999 and exercised a leadership role in confronting crises in the Middle East and Africa, as well as in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is currently a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. On 1 January 2008 Costa Rica started its third year term on the Security Council.

Costa Rica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, which led to the restoration of the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994. Costa Rica was among the first to call for a postponement of the 22 May elections in Peru when international observer missions found electoral machinery not prepared for the vote count.

Costa Rica is also a member of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Costa Rica's relation to Central America

In 1987, then President Óscar Arias authored a regional plan that served as the basis for the Esquipulas Peace Agreement and Arias was awarded the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for his work. Arias also promoted change in the USSR-backed Nicaraguan government of the era. Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections. Costa Rica has been a strong proponent of regional arms-limitation agreements. Former President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez recently proposed the abolition of all Central American militaries and the creation of a regional counternarcotics police force in their stead.

With the establishment of democratically elected governments in all Central American nations by the 1990s, Costa Rica turned its focus from regional conflicts to the pursuit of neoliberal policies on the isthmus. The influence of these policies, along with the US invasion of Panama, was instrumental in drawing Panama into the Central American model of neoliberalism. Costa Rica also participated in the multinational Partnership for Democracy and Development in Central America.

Regional political integration has not proven attractive to Costa Rica. The country debated its role in the Central American integration process under former President Calderon. Costa Rica has sought concrete economic ties with its Central American neighbors rather than the establishment of regional political institutions, and it chose not to join the Central American Parliament.

Costa Rica in the UN

Costa Rica has been an active member of the United Nations since its inception at the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Its first ambassador to the United Nations was Fernando Soto Harrison, the secretary of governance under President Picado. ^[2]

Costa Rican Christiana Figueres was nominated for the post of UN secretary-general in July 2016.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Costa Rica maintains diplomatic relations:

#	Country	Date
1	Honduras	1 July 1839 [3]
2	Guatemala	18 August 1839 [4]
3	El Salvador	10 December 1845 [5]
4	United Kingdom	28 February 1848 [3]
5	France	12 March 1848 [6]
6	Italy	1849 [6]
7	Spain	10 May 1850 [7]
8	United States	24 March 1851 [8]
9	Peru	25 April 1852 [3]
10	Netherlands	12 July 1852 [3]
11	Colombia	11 June 1856 [9]
12	Brazil	1857 [3]
13	Belgium	26 July 1858 [3]
14	Chile	1858 [10]
15	Argentina	23 October 1862 [11] [12]
16	Switzerland	1865 [3]
17	Nicaragua	30 July 1868 [13]
18	Russia	1872 [3]
19	Mexico	3 August 1876 [14]
20	Dominican Republic	10 August 1876 [15]
21	Paraguay	1883 [3]
22	Sweden	1883 [3]
23	Ecuador	26 October 1885 [16]
24	Venezuela	22 June 1891 [17]
25	Panama	29 December 1903 [18]
26	Cuba	17 December 1907 [3] [19]
—	Holy See	19 August 1908 [20]
27	Portugal	10 July 1913 [21]
28	Bolivia	1913 [3]
29	Uruguay	16 January 1930 [22]
30	Poland	18 November 1933 [23]
31	Czech Republic	21 March 1935 [24]
32	Japan	February 1935 [3]
33	Norway	2 May 1939 [25]
34	Philippines	5 July 1946 [26]
35	Denmark	3 October 1947 [27]
36	Turkey	20 April 1950 [28]
37	Cambodia	1 May 1950 [29]
38	Serbia	14 June 1952 [30]
39	Germany	7 October 1952 [31]
40	Israel	22 October 1954 [32]
41	Haiti	29 September 1955 [32]
—	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	8 August 1957 [33]
42	Austria	17 April 1958 [34]
43	Canada	20 January 1961 [35]
44	South Korea	15 August 1962 [36]
45	Luxembourg	29 January 1963 [37]
46	Syria	15 December 1964 [38]
47	Egypt	1964 [39]
48	Greece	2 July 1965 [40]
49	Finland	23 August 1966 [41]
50	India	1968 [42]
51	Hungary	14 May 1970 [43]
52	Bulgaria	9 October 1970 [44]
53	Romania	4 July 1970 [45]
54	Trinidad and Tobago	21 May 1971 [46]
55	Jamaica	21 July 1971 [47]
56	Barbados	6 March 1972 [48]
57	Ivory Coast	15 February 1973 [49]
58	Albania	20 February 1973 [50]
59	Tunisia	15 October 1973 [51]
60	Pakistan	9 November 1973 [52]
61	North Korea	10 February 1974 [53]
62	Cameroon	3 April 1974 [54] [55]
63	Guyana	17 April 1974 [56]
64	Australia	9 October 1974 [57]
65	Libya	30 November 1974 [58]
66	Bahamas	1974 [59]
67	Nigeria	26 June 1975 [60]
68	Vietnam	24 April 1976 [61]
69	Myanmar	8 March 1977 [62]
70	Malaysia	17 April 1977 [63]
71	Mongolia	6 June 1977 [64]
72	Sri Lanka	11 June 1977 [65]
73	Nepal	16 August 1977 [66]
74	Papua New Guinea	28 April 1978 [67]
75	Senegal	23 January 1979 [68]
76	Suriname	1 March 1979 [69]
77	Togo	11 June 1979 [70]
78	Iraq	March 1981 [71]
79	Equatorial Guinea	April 1981 [72]
80	Belize	September 1981 [73]
81	Cyprus	17 November 1981 [74]
82	Kenya	1982 [75]
83	Antigua and Barbuda	16 January 1984 [76]
84	Indonesia	9 January 1985 [77]
85	Morocco	25 September 1986 [78]
86	Singapore	1 September 1987 [79]
87	New Zealand	5 July 1988 [80]
88	Algeria	13 March 1990 [81]
89	Namibia	1990 [82]
90	Saint Lucia	1991 [83]
91	Seychelles	17 March 1992 [81]
92	Lithuania	17 May 1992 [84]
93	Ukraine	9 June 1992 [81]
94	Saint Kitts and Nevis	11 June 1992 [85]
95	Marshall Islands	15 June 1992 [86]
96	Belarus	24 June 1992 [87]
97	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	June 1992 [88]
98	Grenada	31 August 1992 [89]
99	Slovakia	6 January 1993 [90]
100	Estonia	4 October 1993 [91]
101	Brunei	14 April 1994 [81]
102	Benin	28 June 1994 [81]
103	South Africa	4 October 1994 [81]
104	Guinea-Bissau	28 March 1995 [81]
105	Bosnia and Herzegovina	19 October 1995 [92]
106	Croatia	19 October 1995 [93]
107	Slovenia	19 October 1995 [94]
108	Andorra	22 May 1996 [81]
109	Cape Verde	23 May 1996 [81]
110	Kazakhstan	1 October 1996 [81]
111	North Macedonia	15 October 1996 [81]
112	Iceland	10 January 1997 [95]
113	Azerbaijan	15 January 1997 [96]
114	Armenia	8 April 1997 [97]
115	Lesotho	17 April 1998 [81]
116	Georgia	5 May 1998 [81]
117	Gambia	26 October 1999 [81]
118	Ethiopia	Before 1999 [98]
119	Liberia	Before 1999 [98]
120	Malta	Before 1999 [98]
121	Moldova	4 May 2000 [81]
122	Liechtenstein	12 January 2000 [99]
123	Thailand	25 April 2000 [3]
124	Ghana	11 July 2000 [3]
125	Ireland	15 September 2000 [81]
126	Tajikistan	28 February 2001 [81]
127	Rwanda	8 March 2001 [81]
128	Angola	13 March 2001 [81]
129	Mozambique	15 March 2001 [81]
130	Dominica	10 May 2001 [81]
131	Uzbekistan	7 June 2001 [81]
132	Burkina Faso	22 June 2001 [81]
133	Kyrgyzstan	24 September 2001 [81]
134	Timor-Leste	14 May 2003 [81]
135	Latvia	15 May 2003 [81]
136	Qatar	17 March 2004 [81]
137	Bahrain	22 September 2006 [81]
138	Kuwait	22 September 2006 [100]
139	Jordan	10 January 2007 [81]
140	Montenegro	24 May 2007 [100]
141	China	1 June 2007 [100]
142	Lebanon	24 August 2007 [81]
143	Uganda	29 August 2007 [100]
144	Yemen	4 September 2007 [100]
145	Republic of Congo	4 September 2007 [81]
146	Botswana	11 September 2007 [100]
147	Eswatini	24 September 2007 [81]
148	Burundi	28 September 2007 [100]
149	Guinea	1 October 2007 [100]
150	Oman	19 December 2007 [81]
—	State of Palestine	5 February 2008 [81]
151	San Marino	19 February 2008 [101]
152	United Arab Emirates	11 March 2010 [81]
153	Maldives	21 September 2010 [81]
154	Bhutan	21 March 2012 [81]
155	Fiji	2 August 2013 [81]
—	Kosovo	23 September 2013 [102]
156	Zambia	28 May 2014 [103]
157	Laos	28 September 2015 [81]
158	Monaco	22 October 2015 [104]
159	Saudi Arabia	7 December 2015 [81]
160	Vanuatu	28 September 2018 [105]
161	Bangladesh	Unknown
162	Iran	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Azerbaijan	15 January 1997 [106]	The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Costa Rica were established on 15 January 1997. [106] The Republic of Azerbaijan is accredited to the Republic of Costa Rica through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. [107]
Belize	1981	Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1981. [108] Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States. Belize has an honorary consulate in San José. Costa Rica has an embassy in Belmopan.
China		See China–Costa Rica relations Costa Rica maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) instead of the People's Republic of China (commonly known as China) until 1 June 2007, when it opened relations with China. Taiwan then broke relations on 7 June. [109] China has an embassy in San José. Costa Rica has an embassy in Beijing.
Cuba		Soon after Fidel Castro declared Cuba a socialist state, Costa Rican President Mario Echandi Jiménez ended diplomatic relations on 10 September 1961 with the island through Executive Decree Number 2, in compliance with sanctions placed on Cuba by the Organization of American States. In 1995, Costa Rica established a consular office in Havana. Cuba opened a consular office in Costa Rica in 2001. Forty-seven years after the initial freeze, Costa Rican President Óscar Arias Sánchez announced on 18 March 2009 that normal relations were to be re-established, saying, "If we have been able to turn the page with regimes as profoundly different to our reality as occurred with the USSR or, more recently, with the Republic of China, how would we not do it with a country that is geographically and culturally much nearer to Costa Rica?" Arias also announced that both countries would exchange ambassadors. [110] The next day, Cuba's government announced that it agreed to re-establishing relations. Costa Rica has an embassy in Havana. Cuba has an embassy in San José.
Guyana	17 April 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1974. [111] Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States.
India		India has honorary consulate in San José. [112] Costa Rica maintains an embassy in New Delhi. [113]
Israel		Costa Rica recognized Israel on 19 June 1948. [114] The Embassy of Costa Rica was located in Tel Aviv until it moved to Jerusalem in 1982. [115] As of 1984, Costa Rica and El Salvador were the only two countries that recognized Israel and also maintained an embassy in Jerusalem. [116] In 2006, the Embassy of Costa Rica relocated to Tel Aviv; [117] Costa Rican President Óscar Arias said the decision was intended to "rectify a historic error". [118] In December 2011, Rodrigo Carreras became the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel for the second time, after his posting there in the 1980s. Carreras' father, Benjamin Nunez, also served as the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel. [119] Costa Rica has an embassy in Tel Aviv. Israel has an embassy in San José.
Italy		See Costa Rica–Italy relations Costa Rica has an embassy in Rome. Italy has an embassy in San José.
Kosovo	23 September 2013	Costa Rica officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 17 February 2008. [120] Costa Rica and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013. [121] [122]
Mexico	1838	See Costa Rica–Mexico relations Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838. Costa Rica has an embassy in Mexico City. [123] Mexico has an embassy in San José. [124]
Russia		See Costa Rica–Russia relations Holders of a Russian passport need a visa authorized by Costa Rica, or alternatively Costa Rican authorities will accept Russian nationals with a visa stamp for the European Union, Canada, US, South Korea, or Japan valid for 90 days after arrival; with a tourist visa, Russians can stay in Costa Rica for a maximum of 90 days. [125] In order to get a tourist visa, the person needs to apply for it in the closest Costa Rican embassy to where the person is living.[ citation needed ] They must have a valid passport and either have an invitation letter or a bank statement with enough money to survive the length of the stay in Costa Rica, plus proof of onward travel (ticket to exit Costa Rica & legal ability to travel to the destination stated on the ticket). Holders of a Costa Rican passport also need a visa from Russian authorities. Costa Rica has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in San José.
Serbia	1952 [126]	Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1952. [127] A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries. [128]
South Korea	15 August 1962 [126]	The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Costa Rica began on 15 August 1962. Costa Rica has an embassy in Seoul.[ citation needed ] South Korea has an embassy in San José. [129]
Spain	1850	See Costa Rica–Spain relations Costa Rica has an embassy in Madrid. [130] Spain has an embassy in San José. [131]
Turkey	15 January 1898 [132]	See Costa Rica–Turkey relations Costa Rica has an embassy in Ankara. [133] Turkey has an embassy in San José. [133] Trade volume between the two countries was US$100 million in 2019 (Costa Rican exports/imports: 41.8/58.9 million USD). [133]
United States		See Costa Rica–United States relations The United States is Costa Rica's most important trading partner. The U.S. accounts for almost half of Costa Rica's exports, imports, and tourism, and more than two-thirds of its foreign investment. The two countries share growing concerns for the environment and want to preserve Costa Rica's important tropical resources and prevent environmental degradation. In 2007, the United States reduced Costa Rica's debt in exchange for protection and conservation of Costa Rican forests through a debt for nature swap under the auspices of the Tropical Forest Conservation Act. This is the largest such agreement of its kind to date. Costa Rica has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York and San Juan. [134] United States has an embassy in San José. [135]  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
Uruguay		See Costa Rica–Uruguay relations Costa Rica has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in San José.
Zambia	28 May 2014	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2014 when first Ambassador of Zambia to Costa Rica (resident in Washington) Mr. Palan Mulonda presented his credentials to President Luis Guillermo Solís. [103]

See also

• Costa Rica portal
• World portal
• Government portal

• List of diplomatic missions in Costa Rica
• List of diplomatic missions of Costa Rica
• Visa requirements for Costa Rican citizens

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