Foreign relations of Costa Rica

Last updated

Costa Rica is an active member of the international community and, in 1983, claimed it was for neutrality. [1] Due to certain powerful constituencies[ who? ] favoring its methods, it has a weight in world affairs far beyond its size. The country lobbied aggressively for the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and became the first nation to recognize the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Human Rights Court, based in San José.

Contents

The foreign affairs of the Republic of Costa Rica are a function of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship.

History

Costa Rica gained election as president of the Group of 77 in the United Nations in 1995. That term ended in 1997 with the South-South Conference held in San Jose.

Costa Rica occupied a nonpermanent seat in the Security Council from 1997 to 1999 and exercised a leadership role in confronting crises in the Middle East and Africa, as well as in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is currently a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. On Jan 1 2008 Costa Rica started its third year term on the Security Council.

Costa Rica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, which led to the restoration of the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994. Costa Rica was among the first to call for a postponement of the May 22 elections in Peru when international observer missions found electoral machinery not prepared for the vote count.

Costa Rica is also a member of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Costa Rica's relation to Central America

In 1987, then President Óscar Arias authored a regional plan that served as the basis for the Esquipulas Peace Agreement and Arias was awarded the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for his work. Arias also promoted change in the USSR-backed Nicaraguan government of the era. Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections. Costa Rica has been a strong proponent of regional arms-limitation agreements. Former President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez recently proposed the abolition of all Central American militaries and the creation of a regional counternarcotics police force in their stead.

With the establishment of democratically elected governments in all Central American nations by the 1990s, Costa Rica turned its focus from regional conflicts to the pursuit of neoliberal policies on the isthmus. The influence of these policies, along with the US invasion of Panama, was instrumental in drawing Panama into the Central American model of neoliberalism. Costa Rica also participated in the multinational Partnership for Democracy and Development in Central America.

Regional political integration has not proven attractive to Costa Rica. The country debated its role in the Central American integration process under former President Calderon. Costa Rica has sought concrete economic ties with its Central American neighbors rather than the establishment of regional political institutions, and it chose not to join the Central American Parliament.

Costa Rica in the UN

Costa Rica has been an active member of the United Nations since its inception at the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Its first ambassador to the United Nations was Fernando Soto Harrison, the secretary of governance under President Picado. [2]

Costa Rican Christiana Figueres was nominated for the post of UN secretary-general in July 2016.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Costa Rica maintains diplomatic relations:

Diplomatic relations of Costa Rica.svg
#CountryDate
1Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 1 July 1839 [3]
2Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 18 August 1839 [4]
3Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 10 December 1845 [5]
4Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 28 February 1848 [3]
5Flag of France.svg  France 12 March 1848 [6]
6Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1849 [6]
7Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 10 May 1850 [7]
8Flag of the United States.svg  United States 24 March 1851 [8]
9Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 25 April 1852 [3]
10Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 12 July 1852 [3]
11Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 11 June 1856 [9]
12Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 1857 [3]
13Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 26 July 1858 [3]
14Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1858 [10]
15Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 23 October 1862 [11] [12]
16Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1865 [3]
17Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 30 July 1868 [13]
18Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1872 [3]
19Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 3 August 1876 [14]
20Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 10 August 1876 [15]
21Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 1883 [3]
22Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1883 [3]
23Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 26 October 1885 [16]
24Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 22 June 1891 [17]
25Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 29 December 1903 [18]
26Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 17 December 1907 [3] [19]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 19 August 1908 [20]
27Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 10 July 1913 [21]
28Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 1913 [3]
29Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 16 January 1930 [22]
30Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 18 November 1933 [23]
31Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 21 March 1935 [24]
32Flag of Japan.svg  Japan February 1935 [3]
33Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2 May 1939 [25]
34Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 5 July 1946 [26]
35Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 3 October 1947 [27]
36Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 20 April 1950 [28]
37Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 14 June 1952 [29]
38Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 7 October 1952 [30]
39Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 22 October 1954 [31]
40Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 29 September 1955 [31]
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 8 August 1957 [32]
41Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 17 April 1958 [33]
42Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 20 January 1961 [34]
43Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 15 August 1962 [35]
44Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 29 January 1963 [36]
45Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 15 December 1964 [37]
46Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1964 [38]
47Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2 July 1965 [39]
48Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 23 August 1966 [40]
49Flag of India.svg  India 1968 [41]
50Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 14 May 1970 [42]
51Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 9 October 1970 [43]
52Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 4 July 1970 [44]
53Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 21 May 1971 [45]
54Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 21 July 1971 [46]
55Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 6 March 1972 [47]
56Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 5 February 1973 [48]
57Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 20 February 1973 [49]
58Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 15 October 1973 [50]
59Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 9 November 1973 [51]
60Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 10 February 1974 [52]
61Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 17 April 1974 [53]
62Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon April 1974 [54]
63Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia July 1974 [55]
64Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 30 November 1974 [56]
65Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 1974 [57]
66Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 26 June 1975 [58]
67Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 24 April 1976 [59]
68Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 8 March 1977 [60]
69Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 17 April 1977 [61]
70Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 6 June 1977 [62]
71Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 11 June 1977 [63]
72Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 16 August 1977 [64]
73Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 28 April 1978 [65]
74Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 23 January 1979 [66]
75Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 1 March 1979 [67]
76Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 11 June 1979 [68]
77Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq March 1981 [69]
78Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea April 1981 [70]
79Flag of Belize.svg  Belize September 1981 [71]
80Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 17 November 1981 [72]
81Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1982 [73]
82Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 16 January 1984 [74]
83Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 3 January 1985 [75]
84Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 25 September 1986 [76]
85Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 1 September 1987 [77]
86Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 5 July 1988 [78]
87Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 13 March 1990 [79]
88Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 1991 [80]
89Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 17 March 1992 [79]
90Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 17 May 1992 [81]
91Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 9 June 1992 [79]
92Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 11 June 1992 [82]
93Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 15 June 1992 [83]
94Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 24 June 1992 [84]
95Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines June 1992 [85]
96Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 31 August 1992 [86]
97Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 6 January 1993 [87]
98Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 4 October 1993 [88]
99Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 14 April 1994 [79]
100Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 28 June 1994 [79]
101Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 4 October 1994 [79]
102Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 28 March 1995 [79]
103Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19 October 1995 [89]
104Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 19 October 1995 [90]
105Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 19 October 1995 [91]
106Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 22 May 1996 [79]
107Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 23 May 1996 [79]
108Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 1 October 1996 [79]
109Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 15 October 1996 [79]
110Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 10 January 1997 [92]
111Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 15 January 1997 [93]
112Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 8 April 1997 [94]
113Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 17 April 1998 [79]
114Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 5 May 1998 [79]
115Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 26 October 1999 [79]
116Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia Before 1999 [95]
117Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Before 1999 [95]
118Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia Before 1999 [95]
119Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Before 1999 [95]
120Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Before 1999 [95]
121Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 4 May 2000 [79]
122Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 12 January 2000 [96]
123Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 25 April 2000 [3]
124Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 11 July 2000 [3]
125Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 15 September 2000 [79]
126Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 28 February 2001 [79]
127Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 8 March 2001 [79]
128Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 13 March 2001 [79]
129Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 15 March 2001 [79]
130Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 10 May 2001 [79]
131Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 7 June 2001 [79]
132Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 22 June 2001 [79]
133Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 24 September 2001 [79]
134Flag of East Timor.svg  Timor-Leste 14 May 2003 [79]
135Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 15 May 2003 [79]
136Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 17 March 2004 [79]
137Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 22 September 2006 [79]
138Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 22 September 2006 [97]
139Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 10 January 2007 [79]
140Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 24 May 2007 [97]
141Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1 June 2007 [97]
142Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 24 August 2007 [79]
143Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 29 August 2007 [97]
144Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 4 September 2007 [97]
145Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of Congo 4 September 2007 [79]
146Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 11 September 2007 [97]
147Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini 24 September 2007 [79]
148Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 28 September 2007 [97]
149Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 1 October 2007 [97]
150Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 19 December 2007 [79]
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine 5 February 2008 [79]
151Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 6 April 2009 [98]
152Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 11 March 2010 [79]
153Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 21 September 2010 [79]
154Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 21 March 2012 [79]
155Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 2 August 2013 [79]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 23 September 2013 [99]
156Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 28 May 2014 [100]
157Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 28 September 2015 [79]
158Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 22 October 2015 [101]
159Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 7 December 2015 [79]
160Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 28 September 2018 [102]
161Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Unknown
162Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Unknown
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (frozen)Unknown

Bilateral relations

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 15 January 1997 [103]
  • The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Costa Rica were established on January 15, 1997. [103]
  • The Republic of Azerbaijan is accredited to the Republic of Costa Rica through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. [104]
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 1981
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China

See China–Costa Rica relations

Costa Rica maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) instead of the People's Republic of China (commonly known as China) until June 1, 2007, when it opened relations with China. Taiwan then broke relations on June 7. [106]

  • China has an embassy in San José.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Beijing.
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba

Soon after Fidel Castro declared Cuba a socialist state, Costa Rican President Mario Echandi Jiménez ended diplomatic relations on 10 September 1961 with the island through Executive Decree Number 2, in compliance with sanctions placed on Cuba by the Organization of American States. In 1995, Costa Rica established a consular office in Havana. Cuba opened a consular office in Costa Rica in 2001. Forty-seven years after the initial freeze, Costa Rican President Óscar Arias Sánchez announced on 18 March 2009 that normal relations were to be re-established, saying, "If we have been able to turn the page with regimes as profoundly different to our reality as occurred with the USSR or, more recently, with the Republic of China, how would we not do it with a country that is geographically and culturally much nearer to Costa Rica?" Arias also announced that both countries would exchange ambassadors. [107] The next day, Cuba's government announced that it agreed to re-establishing relations.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in San José.
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 17 April 1974
Flag of India.svg  India
  • India has honorary consulate in San José. [109]
  • Costa Rica maintains an embassy in New Delhi. [110]
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel

Costa Rica recognized Israel on June 19, 1948. [111] The Embassy of Costa Rica was located in Tel Aviv until it moved to Jerusalem in 1982. [112] As of 1984, Costa Rica and El Salvador were the only two countries that recognized Israel and also maintained an embassy in Jerusalem. [113] In 2006, the Embassy of Costa Rica relocated to Tel Aviv; [114] Costa Rican President Óscar Arias said the decision was intended to "rectify a historic error". [115]

In December 2011, Rodrigo Carreras became the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel for the second time, after his posting there in the 1980s. Carreras' father, Benjamin Nunez, also served as the Costa Rican ambassador to Israel. [116]

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel has an embassy in San José.
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy See Costa Rica–Italy relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Rome.
  • Italy has an embassy in San José.
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 23 September 2013

Costa Rica officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 17 February 2008. [117] Costa Rica and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2013. [118] [119]

Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1838See Costa Rica–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Costa Rica began in 1838.

Flag of Russia.svg  Russia See Costa Rica–Russia relations

Holders of a Russian passport need a visa authorized by Costa Rica, or alternatively Costa Rican authorities will accept Russian nationals with a visa stamp for the European Union, Canada, US, South Korea, or Japan valid for 90 days after arrival; with a tourist visa, Russians can stay in Costa Rica for a maximum of 90 days. [122] In order to get a tourist visa, the person needs to apply for it in the closest Costa Rican embassy to where the person is living.[ citation needed ] They must have a valid passport and either have an invitation letter or a bank statement with enough money to survive the length of the stay in Costa Rica, plus proof of onward travel (ticket to exit Costa Rica & legal ability to travel to the destination stated on the ticket). Holders of a Costa Rican passport also need a visa from Russian authorities.

  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in San José.
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 1952 [123]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1952. [124]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries. [125]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 15 August 1962 [123]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Costa Rica began on 15 August 1962.

Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 1850See Costa Rica–Spain relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Madrid. [127]
  • Spain has an embassy in San José. [128]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Jan. 15, 1898 [129] See Costa Rica–Turkey relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Ankara. [130]
  • Turkey has an embassy in San José. [130]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$100 million in 2019 (Costa Rican exports/imports: 41.8/58.9 million USD). [130]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States See Costa Rica–United States relations

The United States is Costa Rica's most important trading partner. The U.S. accounts for almost half of Costa Rica's exports, imports, and tourism, and more than two-thirds of its foreign investment. The two countries share growing concerns for the environment and want to preserve Costa Rica's important tropical resources and prevent environmental degradation. In 2007, the United States reduced Costa Rica's debt in exchange for protection and conservation of Costa Rican forests through a debt for nature swap under the auspices of the Tropical Forest Conservation Act. This is the largest such agreement of its kind to date.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay See Costa Rica–Uruguay relations
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in San José.
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 28 May 2014Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2014 when first Ambassador of Zambia to Costa Rica (resident in Washington) Mr. Palan Mulonda presented his credentials to President Luis Guillermo Solís. [100]

See also

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