Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago

Modern Trinidad and Tobago maintains close relations with its Caribbean neighbours and major North American and European trading partners. As the most industrialized and second-largest country in the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago has taken a leading role in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and strongly supports CARICOM economic integration efforts. It also is active in the Summit of the Americas process and supports the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, lobbying other nations for seating the Secretariat in Port of Spain.

As a member of CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago strongly backed efforts by the United States to bring political stability to Haiti, contributing personnel to the Multinational Force in 1994. After its 1962 independence, Trinidad and Tobago joined the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, it became the first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1995, Trinidad played host to the inaugural meeting of the Association of Caribbean States and has become the seat of this 35-member grouping, which seeks to further economic progress and integration among its states.

In international forums, Trinidad and Tobago has defined itself as having an independent voting record, but often supports U.S. and EU positions.

Trinidad and Tobago has historically been a trans-shipment point for South American drugs destined for the United States and Europe. This has created much tension in the country's politics.

Trinidad and Tobago is also a member-state of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the U.S. military (as covered under Article 98)

Trinidad and Tobago and the Commonwealth of Nations

Trinidad and Tobago became an independent state in 1962 ^{[1] [2]} with Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Trinidad and Tobago. She was represented by the Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago.^{[ citation needed ]}

On August 1, 1976, Trinidad and Tobago became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations ^{[3] [4]} with the last Governor-General, Sir Ellis Clarke becoming the first President of Trinidad and Tobago. ^{[5] [6]}

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Trinidad and Tobago maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date [7]
1	Canada	31 August 1962 [8]
2	France	31 August 1962 [9]
3	India	31 August 1962 [10]
4	Israel	31 August 1962 [11]
5	United Kingdom	31 August 1962 [12]
6	United States	31 August 1962 [13]
7	Venezuela	14 September 1962 [14]
8	Netherlands	19 October 1962 [15]
9	Jamaica	18 June 1963 [16]
10	Germany	28 August 1963 [17]
11	Lebanon	1963 [18]
12	Pakistan	1963 [19]
13	Switzerland	1963 [20]
14	Italy	4 January 1964 [21]
15	Chile	3 February 1964 [22]
16	Ghana	1 March 1964 [23]
17	Egypt	22 March 1964 [24]
18	Japan	22 May 1964 [25]
19	Argentina	30 October 1964 [26]
20	Senegal	21 November 1964 [27]
21	Ethiopia	7 July 1965 [28]
22	Brazil	27 July 1965 [29]
23	Uruguay	22 November 1965 [30]
24	Liberia	6 December 1965 [31]
25	Algeria	1965 [32]
26	Mexico	29 April 1966 [33]
27	Guyana	26 May 1966 [34]
28	Sweden	July 1966 [35]
29	Barbados	30 November 1966 [36]
30	Spain	15 June 1967 [37]
31	Ecuador	9 November 1967 [38]
32	Peru	5 February 1968 [39]
33	Colombia	22 February 1968 [40]
34	Dominican Republic	May 1968 [41]
35	Luxembourg	17 December 1969 [42]
36	Belgium	10 May 1970 [43]
37	Tanzania	2 July 1970 [44]
38	Nigeria	6 October 1970 [45]
39	Zambia	17 February 1971 [46]
40	Costa Rica	21 May 1971 [47]
41	Norway	19 November 1971 [48]
42	Sri Lanka	November 1971 [49]
43	Singapore	15 December 1971 [50]
44	Finland	17 December 1971 [51]
45	Syria	11 January 1972 [52]
46	Turkey	22 May 1972 [53]
47	Denmark	23 May 1972 [54]
48	Cyprus	25 May 1972 [55]
49	Austria	2 August 1972 [56]
50	Romania	25 November 1972 [57]
51	Cuba	8 December 1972 [58]
52	Kuwait	3 September 1973 [59]
53	Libya	September 1973 [60]
54	Iran	September 1973 [61] [62]
55	Indonesia	12 October 1973 [63]
56	Guinea	1973 [64]
57	Ivory Coast	1973 [65]
58	Kenya	1973 [66] [67]
59	Australia	7 January 1974 [68]
60	Iraq	17 January 1974 [69]
61	Haiti	31 January 1974 [70]
62	Serbia	15 March 1974 [71]
63	Uganda	5 June 1974 [72]
64	Russia	6 June 1974 [73]
65	China	20 June 1974 [74]
66	Saudi Arabia	5 July 1974 [75]
67	New Zealand	9 October 1974 [76]
68	Mauritius	1974 [77]
69	Hungary	7 June 1975 [78]
70	Sierra Leone	17 July 1975 [79]
71	Malaysia	11 June 1976 [80]
72	Cameroon	19 December 1976 [81]
73	Grenada	18 February 1977 [82]
74	Portugal	2 September 1977 [83]
75	Suriname	16 January 1978 [84]
—	Holy See	23 July 1978 [85]
76	Czech Republic	16 November 1979
77	Saint Lucia	1979 [86]
78	Greece	10 October 1980 [87]
79	Belize	21 September 1981 [88]
80	Dominica	June 1983 [89]
81	Saint Kitts and Nevis	19 September 1983 [90]
82	Bangladesh	22 September 1983 [91]
83	South Korea	23 July 1985 [92]
84	Thailand	22 January 1986 [93]
85	North Korea	22 January 1986 [94]
86	Bahamas	1993 [95]
87	El Salvador	11 May 1994 [96]
88	Panama	24 May 1994 [97]
89	Paraguay	24 May 1994
90	Guatemala	25 May 1994
91	Namibia	1 December 1994
92	South Africa	10 January 1995
93	Slovenia	9 May 1997 [98]
94	Malawi	21 April 1998
95	Botswana	11 May 1998
96	Slovakia	28 May 1998
97	Poland	13 August 1998
98	Morocco	4 November 1998
99	Ukraine	27 September 1999 [99]
100	Philippines	18 April 2000
101	Ireland	13 December 2000
102	Latvia	11 March 2003
103	Zimbabwe	23 July 2009 [100]
104	Malta	24 September 2009
105	Brunei	24 November 2009
106	Maldives	24 November 2009 [101]
107	Seychelles	24 November 2009
108	Vanuatu	24 November 2009
109	Mozambique	10 February 2010 [102]
110	Georgia	8 April 2011
111	Azerbaijan	11 April 2011 [103]
112	Belarus	12 April 2011
113	Montenegro	15 April 2011
114	Bosnia and Herzegovina	19 April 2011
115	Bulgaria	20 September 2011
116	Croatia	14 December 2011
117	Estonia	2 April 2012
118	Lithuania	26 September 2012
119	Lesotho	2 November 2012 [104]
120	Iceland	8 May 2013
121	East Timor	24 September 2013 [105]
122	Kazakhstan	16 January 2014
123	Solomon Islands	30 January 2014
124	Liechtenstein	31 January 2014
125	Albania	13 May 2014
126	Andorra	26 September 2014
127	Fiji	18 March 2016
128	Qatar	6 June 2019
129	Mongolia	24 February 2021
130	Tajikistan	26 February 2021
131	Rwanda	26 May 2022
132	Nepal	16 June 2022
133	Bahrain	21 September 2022
134	Angola	7 December 2022
135	Vietnam	1 February 2023 [106]
136	Cape Verde	14 March 2023
137	Oman	27 March 2023
138	Moldova	25 May 2023
139	Uzbekistan	15 June 2023
140	Turkmenistan	21 June 2023
141	Armenia	29 August 2023
142	Burundi	1 September 2023
143	Antigua and Barbuda	Unknown
144	Bolivia	Unknown
145	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Unknown
146	Eswatini	Unknown
147	Honduras	Unknown
148	Nicaragua	Unknown
149	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Unknown
150	Tunisia	Unknown
151	Tuvalu	Unknown [107]
152	United Arab Emirates	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Armenia	29 August 2023	See Armenia–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 2023
Azerbaijan	11 April 2011	See Azerbaijan–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011 [103]
Australia	7 January 1974	See Australia–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1974 [68] Australia has a high commission in Port of Spain.
Austria	2 August 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1972 when was accredited first ambassador of Austria to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Caracas) Dr. Harald Godel [56]
Barbados	30 November 1966	See Barbados–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1966 [36] Barbados maintains non-resident representation to Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago maintains non-resident representation to Bridgetown.
Belize	21 September 1981	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981 Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.
Brazil	27 July 1965	See Brazil–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1965 [29] Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago enjoy a cordial and active relation. The establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1942 with the establishment of a Brazilian Vice-Consulate in Port-of-Spain, where later the Brazilian Embassy was open in 1965. Several mutual visits of Heads of State have occurred starting in 2008, when a MOU for cooperation on energy industry was signed. [108]
Canada	31 August 1962	See Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both Countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962. [8] Canada currently has 68,000 Trinidad and Tobagoan immigrants. Canada has a High Commission in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago has a High Commission in Ottawa and a consulate-general in Toronto.
Chile	3 February 1964	See Chile–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1964 Trinidad has a consulate in Santiago while Chile has an embassy in Port of Spain[ citation needed ]
China	20 June 1974	See China–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1974 [74] China has an embassy in Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Beijing
Cuba	8 December 1972	See Cuba–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1972 [58] Cuba has an embassy in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Havana.
Cyprus	25 May 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1972 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Cyprus to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in New York City) Mr. Andreas Jacovides [55] Cyprus is represented in Trinidad and Tobago by its embassy in New York City. [109] Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Denmark	23 May 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 May 1972 when was accredited first Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to Denmark (resident in London) Dr. Patrick Vincent Joseph Solomon [54]
Ethiopia	7 July 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1965 when was appointed first Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to Ethiopia Mr. George Daniel [28]
France	31 August 1962	See France–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962 [9] Bilateral relations between the countries France and Trinidad and Tobago have existed for about two hundred years. [110] Currently, France has an embassy in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago is represented in France through its embassy in Brussels (Belgium). Trinidad and Tobago also has bilateral investment agreements with France. [111]
Georgia	8 April 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 2011 Georgia is represented in Trinidad and Tobago by its embassy in Brasília. [112]
Guyana	26 May 1966	See Guyana–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1966. [113] The two share many similarities between each other due to their shared history in the Commonwealth of Nations along with having similar language, culture, demographics and religions. Both countries had substantial numbers of indentured servants from India and slaves from Africa imported into their country. In the 1970s, Trinidad and Tobago gave Guyana substantial oil exports on credit and in the 1990s, forgave hundred of millions of dollars of debt under the Paris Club Agreement. In 2017, Guyana established its first High Commission in Port of Spain. In 2018, Both countries signed a MOU(Memorandum of Understanding) on Energy Cooperation.
Haiti	31 January 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1974 when first Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to Haiti Mr. Charles H. Archibald presented his credentials [70]
India	31 August 1962	See India–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962 when the status of the Commissioner of India in Trinidad and Tobago was raised to that of High Commissioner (Ambassador) [10] Republic of India operates a High Commission in Port of Spain, [114] whilst Republic of Trinidad and Tobago operates a High Commission in New Delhi. [115]
Israel	1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962. The country is among the staunchest supporters of Israel in the Caribbean [116]
Italy	4 January 1964	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 January 1964 when was appointed first Ambassador of Italy to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Venezuela) Mr. Girolamo Pignatti [21]
Jamaica	18 June 1963	See Jamaica–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1963 Jamaica has a High Commission in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago has a High Commission in Kingston.
Lebanon	1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Caracas) M. Halim Shebaya. [18]
Liberia	6 December 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Liberia to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Haiti) Mr. William B. Fernandez [31]
Malta	24 September 2009	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2009 Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Mexico	29 April 1966	See Mexico–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1966 [33] Mexico has an embassy in Port of Spain. [117] Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. [118]
Nigeria	6 October 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu [45] Nigeria has a High Commission in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago has a High Commission in Abuja.
Pakistan	1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when Mr. S. M. Khan, Pakistan High Commissioner in Canada, has been appointed currently as High Commissioner to Trinidad and Tobago. [19]
Peru	5 February 1968	See Peru–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1968 [39] Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago has a Consulate in Lima
Philippines	18 April 2000	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 2000 Philippines is accredited to Trinidad and Tobago from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Russia	6 June 1974	See Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations The Soviet Union and Trinidad and Tobago have established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1974. Both countries have interests with each other since the Soviet Union. In August 1992, Trinidad recognized Russia as the USSR's successor. Currently, Russia is represented in Trinidad and Tobago through a non-resident embassy in Georgetown (Guyana). In 2004, Sergey Lavrov and Knowlson Gift signed the protocol on the political consultations between the two Ministries. In April 2005 the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation and the Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago signed the cooperation agreement. [119] In 2004, the Russian Cossack folk dance had nine concerts in Port of Spain, San Fernando, Couva, and Tobago.
Saudi Arabia	5 July 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1974
Senegal	21 November 1964	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1964 when Trinidad Government has announced that Senegal has become the first African state to accredit an ambassador to this country. He is Mr. Ousmane Soce Diop Senegalese Ambassador in the United States , with residence in Washington. [27]
Serbia	15 March 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1974 Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements. [120]
Sierra Leone	17 July 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1975 when accredited first High Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago to Sierra Leone (resident in Lagos) Mr. J.S.Donaldson [79]
Singapore	15 December 1971	See Singapore–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1971 Singapore was Trinidad and Tobago's 3rd largest import partner in 2015.
South Africa	10 January 1995	See South Africa–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995 South Africa is accredited to Trinidad and Tobago from its high commission in Kingston, Jamaica. Trinidad and Tobago has a High Commission in Pretoria.
Spain	15 June 1967	See Spain–Trinidad and Tobago relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1967
Syria	11 January 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1972 when was accredited first Ambassador of Syrian Arab Republic (resident in Caracas) Mr. Bachir El Kotb [52]
Tanzania	2 July 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Tanzania to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in New York City) Mr. Salim Ahmed Salim [44]
Turkey	22 May 1972	See Trinidad and Tobago–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1972 [53] Turkey has an embassy in Port of Spain. [121] Trade volume between the two countries was 120.8 million USD in 2019 (Trinidad's exports/imports: 52.4/68.4 million USD). [121]
Uganda	5 June 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1974 when has been accredited High Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago to Uganda Mr. J. R. P. Dumas. [72]
United Kingdom	31 August 1962	See Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962 [12] Trinidad and Tobago has a High Commission in London. The United Kingdom has a High Commission in Port of Spain.
United States	31 August 1962	See Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1962 [13] United States embassy in Port of Spain. The United States and Trinidad and Tobago enjoy cordial relations. U.S. interests there and throughout the hemisphere focus on increasing investment and trade, and ensuring more stable supplies of energy. They also include enhancing Trinidad and Tobago's political and social stability and positive regional role through assistance in drug interdiction, health issues, and legal affairs. The U.S. embassy was established in Port of Spain in 1962, replacing the former consulate-general. Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Port of Spain.
Venezuela	14 September 1962	See Trinidad and Tobago–Venezuela relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1962 [14] Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Caracas. Venezuela has an embassy in Port of Spain.
Zambia	17 February 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 1971 when first Zambia's high commissioner in Trinidad and Tobago, Mr. Vernon Johnson Mwaanga presented his credentials to Governor General Sir Solomon Hochoy [46]

International organisations

On its independence in 1962, Trinidad and Tobago joined the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, it became the first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS).

In 1995, Trinidad played host to the inaugural meeting of the Association of Caribbean States and has become the seat of this 35-member grouping, which seeks to further economic progress and integration among its states.

As the most industrialized and second-largest country in the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago has taken a leading role in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and strongly supports CARICOM economic integration efforts. It also is active in the Summit of the Americas process and supports the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, lobbying other nations for seating the Secretariat in Port of Spain. As a member of CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago strongly backed efforts by the United States to bring political stability to Haiti, contributing personnel to the Multinational Force in 1994.

Trinidad and Tobago is also a member-state of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the U.S. military (as covered under Article 98).

In July 2013 the President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro invited Trinidad and Tobago to join the Union of South American Nations. ^[122]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Trinidad and Tobago
• List of diplomatic missions of Trinidad and Tobago
• Trinidad and Tobago passport
• War on drugs

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