2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election

2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election

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All 41 seats in the House of Representatives 21 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	58.08% ( 8.76 pp)
First party Second party   Leader Keith Rowley Kamla Persad-Bissessar Party PNM UNC Last election 51.68%, 23 seats 39.61%, 17 seats Seats won 22 19 Seat change 1 2 Popular vote 322,180 309,654 Percentage 49.05% 47.14% Swing 2.63 pp 7.53 pp
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election Keith Rowley PNM Subsequent Prime Minister Keith Rowley PNM

General elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 10 August 2020, ^[1] to elect 41 members to the 12th Trinidad and Tobago Republican Parliament. It was the 14th election since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1962 and the 22nd national election in Trinidad and Tobago. The result was a victory for the incumbent People's National Movement, which received 49.05% of the vote and won 22 of the 41 seats in the House of Representatives. ^[2]

Background

President Paula-Mae Weekes, with the advice of Prime Minister Keith Rowley, dissolved Parliament and issued the writs for the election on 3 July 2020. ^[3]

The first-term incumbent People's National Movement (PNM), led by incumbent prime minister Keith Rowley, won 22 seats to form a second five-year term majority government by defeating the opposition United National Congress, led by Opposition Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar ^{[4] [5] [6]} who finished with 19 seats. The results in six constituencies were subject to recounts, causing the final election results to be delayed by a week. ^[7] This is the first parliamentary election in Trinidad and Tobago where the result was not finalized the day after the election. ^[8]

Tracy Davidson-Celestine, political leader of the Tobago Council of the People's National Movement (PNM) became the first woman to lead a Tobagonian political party with representation in the House of Representatives. Additionally, two of the three largest parties elected in 2015, the United National Congress (UNC) and the Congress of the People (COP), were led by women. ^[9]

Voters elected the 41 members to the House of Representatives by first-past-the-post voting. Rowley and the new cabinet were sworn in on 19 August 2020. ^[10]

Electoral system

The 41 members of the House of Representatives are elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Registered voters must be 18 years and over, must reside in an electoral district/constituency for at least two months prior to the qualifying date, be a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago or a Commonwealth citizen residing legally in Trinidad and Tobago for a period of at least one year. ^[11]

If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the Government, with its leader as Prime Minister. If the election results in no single party having a majority, then there is a hung parliament. In this case, the options for forming the Government are either a minority government or a coalition government. ^[12]

Parties and candidates

Political parties registered with the Elections and Boundaries Commission (EBC) can contest the general election as a party. ^[13]

The leader of the party commanding a majority of support in the House of Representatives is the person who is called on by the president to form a government as prime minister, while the leader of the largest party or coalition not in government becomes the Leader of the Opposition. ^[12]

Prior to the election, the People's National Movement, led by Prime Minister Keith Rowley formed a majority government. The largest opposition party was the United National Congress, led by Kamla Persad-Bissessar. The Congress of the People was the sole other party in Parliament, represented by a single MP.

The People's National Movement and the United National Congress have been the two biggest parties, in addition to having supplied every prime minister since 1991. ^[14]

On 14 July 2020, the leader of the Patriotic Front, Mickela Panday, announced that her party will no longer be contesting the 2020 elections due to lack of time to prepare for the August 2020 polls. ^[15]

The following registered parties are contesting the general election, the People's National Movement is the only party fielding all 41 seats (39 in Trinidad and two in Tobago), 14 parties are contesting seats in Trinidad only and four parties are contesting seats in Tobago only. ^[16]

Campaign

Significant differences in the programs of the two major parties UNC and PNM cannot be identified. The UNC is traditionally more of an Indo-Trinidadian party, while Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians make up the majority of the PNM's base. In Trinidad, however, racial differences play a subordinate role, the dominant subject areas in the media are the stagnating economy and the high rate of violent crime; here both parties claim that they are better suited to combat them. ^[17] In the closing stages of the election campaign, Prime Minister Rowley and citizens accused the UNC of using racist motives in its advertising campaign. ^[18]

Some parties only represent regional positions. This applies in particular to the parties PDP and OTV, who are running exclusively in Tobago and advocate for regional interests of the island ^[19] and the MND, which advocates the interests of the Diego Martin region. ^[20]

The announcement by the opposition UNC that, in the event of an election victory, would build a “dome” over Trinidad to protect against illegal immigrants, made the election campaign relaxed. Before the UNC made it clear that it meant a radar screen, users of social media picked up the topic and indulged in humorous allusions to domes in films and television series. ^[21]

As for the Leader of the Opposition, former prime minister and political leader of the UNC Kamla Persad-Bissessar, her latest in a series of losses at the polls which commenced with the January 2013 Tobago House of Assembly election with the wipeout of her People's Partnership -led administration from the Tobago House of Assembly due to a landslide victory by the Tobago Council of the PNM, losses at the 2013 Trinidadian local elections, St. Joseph and Chaguanas West bye-elections, loss in the 2015 Trinidad and Tobago general election, and subsequent losses in local government bye-elections ^{[22] [23]} has placed pressure on her to offer her resignation before the 2020 United National Congress leadership election. ^[24] Additionally, she was threatened with death during the election campaign. ^[25]

The resignation of former deputy PNM chairwoman Nafeesa Mohammed on July 28, who accused the PNM leadership of arrogance, ignorance and incompetence, caused a media stir. ^[26] Minor parties and bodies called on the President to postpone the election in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was also rampant in Trinidad, but their requests were denied. ^[27] A UNC supporter was stabbed on the sidelines of a UNC election campaign on the Saturday before the election. ^[28]

Trinidad and Tobago

Party		Founded	Political position and ideology	Leader(s)	Leader since	Leader's seat	Last election		At dissolution	Contested seats
							% party vote	Seats
Major party not part of any coalition
	PNM	1955	Centre to centre-left Liberalism, Social liberalism, Nationalism	Keith Rowley	May 2010	Diego Martin West	51.69%	23 / 41 (56%)	23 / 41 (56%)	41 seats in Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad only

Party		Founded	Political position and ideology	Leader(s)	Leader since	Leader's seat	Last election		At dissolution	Contested seats
							% party vote	Seats
Major party not part of any coalition
	UNC	1989	Centre-left Social democracy, Civic nationalism	Kamla Persad-Bissessar	January 2010	Siparia	39.60%	17 / 41 (41%)	17 / 41 (41%)	39 seats in Trinidad [29]
Better United Coalition
	COP	2006	Centre-left Reformism	Carolyn Seepersad-Bachan [30]	November 2017	None	6.02%	1 / 41 (2%)	1 / 41 (2%)	4 seats in Trinidad
	DPTT	2002		Steve Alvarez [31]	April 2002	None	–	–	0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
	TTDF	2019		Nicholas Anthony Williams [32]	August 2019 [33]	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
Not part of any coalition
	PEP	2017		Phillip Alexander [34]	January 2017	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	28 seats in Trinidad
	THC	2015		Marcus Ramkissoon [35]	July 2015	None	0.02%	0 / 41 (0%)	0 / 41 (0%)	7 seats in Trinidad
	NNV	1994	Social conservatism	Fuad Abu Bakr [32]	April 2010	None	0.12%	0 / 41 (0%)	0 / 41 (0%)	6 seats in Trinidad
	MSJ	2009	Left-wing Socialism, Labourism, Direct democracy	David Abdulah [36]	January 2012 [37]	None	–	–	0 / 41 (0%)	5 seats in Trinidad
	MND	2019	Diego Martin regionalism	Garvin Nicholas [20]	September 2019	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	3 seats in Trinidad
	NCT	2013		Nalini Dial [38]	July 2013	None	0.05%	0 / 41 (0%)	0 / 41 (0%)	2 seats in Trinidad
	ILP	2013		Rekha Ramjit [39]	October 2015	None	0.70%	0 / 41 (0%)	0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
	TNP	2017		Valmiki Ramsingh [40]	July 2017	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
	UPP	2018	Right-wing Christian right, Social conservatism	Kenneth Munroe-Brown [41]	December 2018	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
	Progressive	2019	Centre to centre-left Progressivism, Decentralization, Localism	Nikoli Edwards [42]	June 2019	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad
	NOW	2020		Kirk Waithe [43]	January 2020	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Trinidad

Tobago only

Party		Founded	Political position and ideology	Leader(s)	Leader since	Leader's seat	Last election		At dissolution	Contested seats
							% party vote	Seats
Not part of any coalition
	PDP	2016	Tobago regionalism	Watson Duke [19]	July 2016	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	2 seats in Tobago
	OTV	2019	Tobago regionalism	Hochoy Charles [19]	October 2019	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Tobago
	UTP	2020	Tobago regionalism	Nickocy Phillips [44]	July 2020	None	New party		0 / 41 (0%)	1 seat in Tobago

Members of Parliament not standing for re-election

Retiring incumbent			Electoral District	Term in office	Date announced
	Surujrattan Rambachan	UNC	Tabaquite	2010–2020	14 August 2019 [45]
	Fuad Khan	UNC	Barataria/San Juan	1995–2007; 2010–2020	9 November 2019 [46]
	Ganga Singh	UNC	Chaguanas West	1995–2007 (Caroni East); 2015–2020	8 March 2020 [47]
	Maxie Cuffie	PNM	La Horquetta/Talparo	2015–2020	13 May 2020 [48]
	Tim Gopeesingh	UNC	Caroni East	2007–2020	4 June 2020 [49]

Marginal seats

The following lists identify and rank seats by the margin by which the party's candidate finished behind the winning candidate in the 2015 election.

For information purposes only, seats that have changed hands through subsequent by elections have been noted. Seats whose members have changed party allegiance are ignored.

  = appears in two lists

Marginal seats by party (with winning parties and margins from the 2015 Trinidad and Tobago general election)

People's National Movement				People's Partnership (UNC — COP — TOP)
Marginal
1		Moruga/Tableland	2.53%	1		Barataria/San Juan	3.18%
2		St. Joseph	8.33%	2		Chaguanas East	7.95%
3		La Horquetta/Talparo	15.56%	3		Pointe-à-Pierre	8.39%
4		Tunapuna	19.13%	4		Mayaro	14.05%
5		Toco/Sangre Grande	19.20%	5		Cumuto/Manzanilla	15.95%
6		San Fernando West	19.39%	6		Fyzabad	18.92%
7		Point Fortin	20.94%	7		Caroni Central	26.11%
8		Lopinot/Bon Air West	28.10%	8		Tabaquite	31.12%
9		La Brea	33.45%	9		St. Augustine	33.57%
10		D'Abadie/O'Meara	34.20%	10		Couva North	34.17%
11		San Fernando East	37.33%	11		Princes Town	35.60%
12		Arima	40.12%	12		Couva South	38.83%
13		Diego Martin North/East	41.40%	13		Caroni East	44.79%
14		Diego Martin West	55.32%	14		Oropouche West	48.70%
15		St. Ann's East	56.55%	15		Siparia	51.60%
16		Diego Martin Central	59.77%	16		Oropouche East	60.02%
17		Port of Spain South	60.81%	17		Naparima	65.53%
18		Tobago East	60.88%	18		Chaguanas West	76.14%
19		Port of Spain North/St. Ann's West	65.62%
20		Arouca/Maloney	63.10%
21		Tobago West	73.48%
22		Laventille East/Morvant	76.84%
23		Laventille West	81.07%
24		Tobago East	53.78%
25		Tobago West	67.24%
Safe
Source: Parliamentary Elections, 2015 Final Results – Candidates Vote Count [50]

Campaign slogans

Party		Slogan
	PNM	"The right choice".[ citation needed ]
	UNC	"Now is the time." [51]
	COP	"Making the quantum leap".[ citation needed ]
	DPTT	"The way forward for Trinidad and Tobago." [52]
	TTDF	"People first." [33]
	PEP	"Time for real change".[ citation needed ]
	THC	"Good governance is at your fingertips".[ citation needed ]
	NNV	"Believe in better".[ citation needed ]
	MSJ	"Create a balance." [36]
	MND	"We are from Diego Martin, for Diego Martin".[ citation needed ]
	NCT	"Think before you ink." [38]
	ILP	"Performance, Representation, Action".[ citation needed ]
	TNP	"Change not exchange!" [40]
	UPP
	Progressive	"Progressive 2020. The new normal".[ citation needed ] Progressive Party - De Guiding Flame (2020) [53]
	NOW	"Time is now." [54]
	PDP	"People before politics".[ citation needed ]
	OTV	“Tobago must play as a team or lose by the fault.” [19]
	UTP

Opinion polls

Opinion research in the run-up to the election was carried out by the North American Caribbean Teachers Association (NACTA) and the management consultancy HHB Associates, among others. A NACTA poll shortly after the election date was announced, found that, as in most previous elections, only PNM and UNC would play a role. ^[55] An HHB poll published July 25 in the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian found the ruling PNM at 53% and the UNC at 44%. ^[56] A NACTA poll from July 25, however, saw the UNC one percentage point ahead. ^[57] At this point in time, the tendency, known from previous elections, was that Trinidadians with African roots tend to choose the PNM and Trinidadians with Indian roots rather the UNC.

Seat projections

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	COP	Other	Legislative majority
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election		22	19	0	0	3
3 Jul 2020		Prime Minister Keith Rowley announces that the election will take place on 10 August 2020 and parliament is dissolved.
1 Jun 2020		COVID-19 lockdown ends
6 May 2020		Ancil Dennis becomes Chief Secretary of Tobago [58] [59]
14 Apr 2020		COP, PPM, ⁠DPTT and ⁠TTDF agree to form a coalition.[ citation needed ]
30 Mar 2020		Trinidad and Tobago commences a nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic
12 Mar 2020		The first case of COVID-19 is confirmed in Trinidad and Tobago, pre-campaigning partially suspended on 13 March [60] [61]
26 Jan 2020		2020 Tobago Council of the PNM election; Tracy Davidson-Celestine is elected leader
2 Dec 2019		PNM wins more districts, ties in number of corporations won to the UNC in the 2019 Trinidadian local elections
1 Oct 2019		The 2019 budget is delivered
Aug 2019	NACTA/Newday [62]	–	23	18	0	0	5
Apr 2019	NACTA/Newsday [63]	–	26	15	0	0	11
Mar 2019	NACTA/Newsday [64]	540	25	16	0	0	9
1 Oct 2018		The 2018 budget is delivered
Sep 2018	NACTA/Newsday [65]	–	23	18	0	0	5
16 July 2018		Barataria and Belmont East Local Government By-Elections
19 Jan 2018		2018 Trinidad and Tobago presidential election; Paula-Mae Weekes is elected president
19 Nov 2017		Carolyn Seepersad-Bachan is elected leader of the COP [30] [66] [67] [68]
23 Jan 2017		The Tobago Council of the PNM wins the 2017 Tobago House of Assembly election; Kelvin Charles becomes Chief Secretary of Tobago
7 Oct 2017		The 2017 budget is delivered
28 Nov 2016		PNM wins the 2016 Trinidadian local elections
30 Sep 2016		The 2016 budget is delivered
10 Jul 2016		Anirudh Mahabir is elected leader of the COP [69] [70]
3 Jul 2016		Kelvin Charles is elected leader of the Tobago Council of the PNM [71]
15 Dec 2015		The People's Partnership splits up [72]
7 Dec 2015		PNM wins the Auzonville/Tunapuna and Malabar South Local Government By-Elections
28 Sep 2015		The 2015 budget is delivered
9 Sep 2015		Keith Rowley is sworn in as Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	23	17	1	0	5

Individual polls

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	PDP	PEP	COP	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	49.1	47.1	1.6	0.9	0.1	1.3	1.99
July 24–31, 2020	SBS/Express [73]	473	43	38	1	1	–	1	5
July 25, 2020	NACTA/Newsday [74]	–	44	45	–	–	–	–	1
July 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [75]	600	35	29	–	–	0	2	6
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	51.7	39.6	–	–	6.0	3.7	12.1

Regional and subnational polls

Tobago East

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	PDP	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	54.35	44.74	0.91	9.61
July 2020	NACTA/Newsday [76]	(380)	47	42	11	5
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	69.48	–	30.52	53.78

Tobago West

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	PDP	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	66.81	32.42	0.77	34.39
July 2020	NACTA/Newsday [76]	(380)	48	40	12	9
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	79.20	–	20.8	67.24

Moruga/Tableland

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	35.92	52.34	11.74	16.42
July 25, 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [77]	200	34	23	43	11
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	51.15	48.62	0.23	2.53

St. Joseph

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	51.42	46.96	1.62	4.46
July 25, 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [77]	200	40	31	29	9
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	53.77	45.44	0.79	8.33

San Fernando West

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	54.51	42.87	2.62	11.64
July 25, 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [78]	–	49	29	22	20
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	59.24	39.85	0.91	19.39

Tunapuna

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	54.63	43.51	1.86	11.12
July 25, 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [79]	–	39	23	38	16
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	59.42	40.29	0.29	19.13

Toco/Sangre Grande

Date [nb 1]	Pollster	Sample size	PNM	UNC	Other	Lead
10 Aug 2020	2020 general election	–	58.66	40.10	1.24	18.23
July 25, 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [80]	–	32	19	49	13
7 Sep 2015	2015 general election	–	59.04	39.84	0.91	19.20

Satisfaction

Date [nb 1]	Firm	Interview Mode	Sample size
				Rowley (PNM)			Persad-Bissessar (UNC)
				Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Never heard of	Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Never heard of
July 2020	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [81]	Face-to-face	600	57%	43%	0%	53%	44%	3%
31 May 2020	NACTA/Newsday [82]	n/a	n/a	53%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
March 2020	NACTA/Newsday [82]	n/a	n/a	46%	n/a	n/a	55%	n/a	n/a
1–7 September 2019	SBS/Express [83]	Telephone	n/a	50%	38%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
8 March 2019	NACTA/Newsday [64]	Face-to-face	540	40%	47%	n/a	42%	44%	n/a
24 September 2017	NACTA/Newsday [84]	Face-to-face	390	40%	n/a	n/a	42%	n/a	n/a
1–3 September 2017	H.H.B. & Associates/Guardian Media [85]	Telephone	301	32%	n/a	n/a	43%	38%	n/a
July 2017	NACTA/Newsday [84]	Face-to-face	410	41%	n/a	n/a	43%	n/a	n/a
June 2017	NACTA/Newsday [84]	Face-to-face	380	42%	n/a	n/a	43%	n/a	n/a
30 August – 5 September 2016	SBS/Express[ citation needed ]	Telephone	601	51%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
^ Remainder were "undecided".

Preferred prime minister

Date [nb 1]	Firm	Interview Mode	Sample size			Lead
				Rowley (PNM)	Persad-Bissessar (UNC)
July 2020	H.H.B. & Associates [81]	Face-to-face	600	39%	34%	5%
March 2020	NACTA [82]	n/a	n/a	43%	45%	2%
^ Remainder were "undecided".

Government direction

Date [nb 1]	Polling organisation	Interview Mode	Sample size	Right direction	Wrong direction	Lead
4 August 2020	SBS/Express [73]	Telephone	473	47	41	6
24 September 2017	NACTA [84]	Face-to-face	390	n/a	89	n/a
1–3 September 2017	H.H.B. & Associates [85]	Telephone	301	n/a	83	n/a
July 2017	NACTA [84]	Face-to-face	410	n/a	85	n/a
June 2017	NACTA [84]	Face-to-face	380	n/a	83	n/a

Voter demographics

Voter demographic data for 2020 were collected by Solution by Simulation Ltd (SBS) for the Trinidad Express Newspapers completed by 473 likely voters in Trinidad and Tobago by phone and H.H.B. & Associates for the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian completed by 600 registered voters face-to-face suggested the following demographic breakdown:

2020 Trinidad & Tobago general election voter demographics (SBS) [73] [86] [87]
Social group	%PNM	%UNC	% Lead
Total vote	43	38	5
Voter expectation (Better chance of winning)	47	35	12
Gender
Women	n/a	n/a	n/a
Age
18–39	50	42	8
40–64	41	35	6
65+	45	42	3
First time voter
Yes	n/a	n/a	n/a
Employment
Employed	n/a	n/a	n/a
Retirees	n/a	n/a	n/a
Unemployed	n/a	n/a	n/a
Race/ethnic group
African descent	77	13	64
East Indian descent	10	77	67
Mixed descent	48	23	25
Traditional election vote
PNM	85	9	76
UNC	11	82	71
Floating / 3rd Party	30	26	4
Country direction
Believes country is in right direction	77	11	66
Believes country is on wrong track	9	72	63
Likeliness of voting
Very Likely	46	39	7
Somewhat Likely	22	31	9
Issue regarded as most important
Coronavirus	65	18	47
Corruption	31	48	17
Crime	36	50	14
Economy	26	53	27
Performance-minded and issue-based voters
Performance-minded	37	50	13
Issue-based	64	27	37
Quality of representation over other concerns	n/a	n/a	n/a
Public perception
Ability to build and maintain infrastructure	n/a	n/a	8
Ability to reduce crime	n/a	n/a	n/a
COVID-19
More capable of handling the pandemic	n/a	n/a	n/a

2020 Trinidad & Tobago general election voter demographics in Trinidad (H.H.B. & Associates) [88]
Social group	%PNM	%UNC	%COP	%Others	% Lead
Total vote	35.10	29.10	0.40	1.60	6.00
Race/ethnic group
Afro-Trinidadian	61.20	5.70	0.00	2.40	55.50
Indo-Trinidadian	7.30	54.70	0.00	0.40	47.40
Other / Mixed	44.10	18.90	1.80	2.70	25.20
Top Three Issues
Utilities (Water, light, etc.)	30	34			4
Unemployment/Jobs	35	36			1
Youth training and development	40	n/a			n/a
Race/ethnic group	%Keith Rowley	%Kamla Persad-Bissessar	%Other Person		% Lead
Best Prime Minister
Afro-Trinidadian	67.9	7.7	11.0		60.2
Indo-Trinidadian	10.8	61.2	12.5		50.4
Other / Mixed	45.0	26.1	9.0		18.9

Conduct

The organization of the election was subject to the state Elections and Boundaries Commission (EBC). There were no election observers. Prime Minister Rowley revealed after the election that he had invited observers from CARICOM and the Commonwealth of Nations, but they were unable to pay for the 14-day quarantine required of foreign visitors. ^[89]

The polling stations closed at 18:00 on election day. ^[90]

Results

At 22:30 on Election Day, Prime Minister Keith Rowley declared his party the winner of the election with 22 seats. ^[91] UNC leader Persad-Bissessar declared wins in 19 seats, taking the Moruga/Tableland seat from the PNM and the St. Augustine seat from the COP. ^[92] She disagreed with Rowley's victory declaration and objected to the long delays at polling stations. ^[93]

In total, six seats won by the PNM were disputed: the UNC requested recounts for five constituencies in Trinidad (San Fernando West, St Joseph, Tunapuna, Toco-Sangre Grande and La Horquetta/Talparo), ^[94] while the Progressive Democratic Patriots (PDP) requested a recount in Tobago East. ^[95] The EBC took one week to conduct the recounts, observing only minor changes from the preliminary vote counts: the largest change was an increase of 103 votes for the UNC in San Fernando West. The counts for the other districts differed by ten votes or fewer. ^[7] Rowley and the new PNM cabinet were then sworn in by President Paula-Mae Weekes on the following day, August 19. The ceremony was held at President's House. ^[10]

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	People's National Movement	322,180	49.05	22	–1
	United National Congress	309,654	47.14	19	+2
	Progressive Democratic Patriots	10,368	1.58	0	New
	Progressive Empowerment Party	5,930	0.90	0	New
	Independent Liberal Party	3,817	0.58	0	0
	Movement for Social Justice	1,223	0.19	0	New
	Movement for National Development	1,039	0.16	0	New
	COP–DPTT–TTDF	524	0.08	0	–1
	New National Vision	496	0.08	0	0
	Trinidad Humanity Campaign	368	0.06	0	0
	National Organisation of We the People	310	0.05	0	New
	Progressive Party	212	0.03	0	New
	National Coalition for Transformation	187	0.03	0	0
	One Tobago Voice	80	0.01	0	New
	Unrepresented Peoples Party	74	0.01	0	New
	Unity of the People	40	0.01	0	New
	The National Party	23	0.00	0	New
	Independents	367	0.06	0	0
Total		656,892	100.00	41	0
Valid votes		656,892	99.73
Invalid/blank votes		1,785	0.27
Total votes		658,677	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		1,134,135	58.08
Source: EBCTT, IPU

Results by constituency

Main article: 12th Republican Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago

Electoral District	Electorate	Candidate	Party		Votes	%
Arima	26,382	Pennelope Beckles-Robinson		People's National Movement	9,293	68.90
		Flora Singh		United National Congress	3,905	28.95
		Sharon Hernandez		Progressive Empowerment Party	212	1.57
		Nalini Dial		National Coalition for Transformation	48	0.36
		Rejected ballots			30	0.22
Arouca/Maloney	26,673	Camille Robinson-Regis		People's National Movement	12,697	81.80
		Cherry-Ann David		United National Congress	2,768	17.83
		Rejected ballots			57	0.37
Barataria/San Juan	25,690	Saddam Hosein		United National Congress	8,300	52.63
		Jason 'JW' Williams		People's National Movement	7,240	45.91
		Albertha Purdeen		Progressive Empowerment Party	204	1.29
		Rejected ballots			27	0.17
Caroni Central	30,107	Arnold Ram		United National Congress	11,511	61.63
		Reyad Ali		People's National Movement	6,890	36.89
		Lorena Lucien		Progressive Empowerment Party	245	1.31
		Rejected ballots			31	0.17
Caroni East	29,031	Rishad Seecheran		United National Congress	12,818	73.60
		Sharon Archie		People's National Movement	4,271	24.52
		Dave Babwah		Progressive Empowerment Party	296	1.70
		Rejected ballots			30	0.17
Chaguanas East	26,923	Vandana Mohit		United National Congress	8,968	52.37
		Clarence Rambharat		People's National Movement	7,882	46.03
		Robert Matthew Gibbs		Progressive Empowerment Party	141	0.82
		Shiraz Khan		Independent	79	0.46
		Rejected ballots			53	0.31
Chaguanas West	28,625	Dinesh Rambally		United National Congress	15,832	88.47
		Rackeal Bissoon		People's National Movement	1,878	10.49
		Rahman Ali		New National Vision	138	0.77
		Rejected ballots			48	0.27
Couva North	29,864	Ravi Ratiram		United National Congress	12,633	69.27
		Sharda Satram		People's National Movement	5,222	28.63
		Rohanie Debideen		Progressive Empowerment Party	259	1.42
		Joel Ramdhanie		Congress of the People	99	0.54
		Rejected ballots			25	0.14
Couva South	30,348	Rudranath Indarsingh		United National Congress	12,597	68.91
		Rajendra Rampersad		People's National Movement	5,542	30.32
		Linnell Doolan		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	106	0.58
		Rejected ballots			36	0.20
Cumuto/Manzanilla	30,468	Rai Ragbir		United National Congress	10,901	58.29
		Ronney Lochan		People's National Movement	7,557	40.41
		Anthony Henry		Progressive Empowerment Party	158	0.84
		Christopher Mathura		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	35	0.19
		Rejected ballots			51	0.27
D'Abadie/O'Meara	30,788	Lisa Morris-Julian		People's National Movement	11,864	66.49
		Maurice Hoyte		United National Congress	5,783	32.41
		Peter Amann		National Coalition for Transformation	139	0.78
		Rejected ballots			58	0.33
Diego Martin Central	29,609	Symon de Nobriga		People's National Movement	10,627	74.08
		John Ricardo Laquis		United National Congress	2,692	18.76
		Felicia Holder		Progressive Empowerment Party	404	2.82
		Garvin Nicholas		Movement for National Development	374	2.61
		Renee St Rose		Movement for Social Justice	120	0.84
		Ashton Francis		New National Vision	69	0.48
		Rejected ballots			60	0.42
Diego Martin North/East	29,273	Colm Imbert		People's National Movement	10,218	73.73
		Eli Zakour		United National Congress	2,827	20.40
		Phillip Edward Alexander		Progressive Empowerment Party	436	3.15
		Myron Bruce		Movement for National Development	209	1.51
		Lonsdale Williams		Congress of the People	133	0.96
		Rejected ballots			35	0.25
Diego Martin West	29,886	Keith Rowley		People's National Movement	10,791	77.37
		Marsha Riley-Walker		United National Congress	2,569	18.42
		Dexter Nicholls		Movement for National Development	456	3.27
		Zafir David		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	93	0.67
		Rejected ballots			39	0.28
Fyzabad	27,447	Lackram Bodoe		United National Congress	10,850	60.13
		Solange De Souza		People's National Movement	6,888	38.17
		Alice Narine		Progressive Empowerment Party	143	0.79
		Radhaka Gualbance		Movement for Social Justice	127	0.70
		Rejected ballots			37	0.21
La Brea	26,008	Stephen McClashie		People's National Movement	9,342	60.00
		Victor Roberts		United National Congress	5,735	36.83
		Marlon Greaves		Movement for Social Justice	223	1.43
		Rondoll Glasgow		Progressive Empowerment Party	129	0.83
		Callum Marshall		New National Vision	71	0.46
		Rejected ballots			71	0.46
La Horquetta/Talparo	27,528	Foster Cummings		People's National Movement	9,714	54.89
		Jearlean John		United National Congress	7,793	44.03
		Benet Thomas		Progressive Empowerment Party	145	0.82
		Rejected ballots			46	0.26
Laventille East/Morvant	26,644	Adrian Leonce		People's National Movement	10,356	82.40
		Kareem Baird		United National Congress	1,965	15.63
		Christopher Roberts		Progressive Empowerment Party	169	1.34
		Umar Khan		New National Vision	39	0.31
		Rejected ballots			39	0.31
Laventille West	25,585	Fitzgerald Hinds		People's National Movement	9,310	83.25
		Rodney Stowe		United National Congress	1,324	11.84
		Kirk Waithe		National Organisation of We the People	310	2.77
		Natalia Moore		Progressive Empowerment Party	126	1.13
		Kurt Sinnette		Congress of the People	47	0.42
		Sandra Emmanuel		New National Vision	32	0.29
		Rejected ballots			34	0.30
Lopinot/Bon Air West	27,864	Marvin Gonzales		People's National Movement	9,608	55.95
		Jack Warner		Independent Liberal Party	3,817	22.23
		Prakash Williams		United National Congress	3,587	20.89
		Dominique Lopez		Progressive Empowerment Party	123	0.72
		Rejected ballots			36	0.21
Mayaro	28,834	Rushton Paray		United National Congress	10,593	58.73
		Bunny Mahabirsingh		People's National Movement	7,229	40.08
		Sterling Lee Ha		Progressive Empowerment Party	133	0.74
		Rejected ballots			81	0.45
Moruga/Tableland	29,043	Michelle Benjamin		United National Congress	10,534	52.30
		Winston 'Gypsy' Peters		People's National Movement	9,462	46.98
		Steve Alvarez		Democratic Party of Trinidad and Tobago	37	0.18
		Thomas Sotillio		Independent	25	0.12
		Larry Sanchar		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	13	0.06
		Rejected ballots			70	0.35
Naparima	27,066	Rodney Charles		United National Congress	13,306	82.92
		Randy Sinanan		People's National Movement	2,686	16.74
		Rejected ballots			54	0.34
Oropouche East	28,271	Roodal Moonilal		United National Congress	13,737	79.84
		Clifford Rambharose		People's National Movement	3,416	19.85
		Rejected ballots			52	0.30
Oropouche West	25,289	Davendranath Tancoo		United National Congress	11,535	74.26
		Lea Ramoutar		People's National Movement	3,708	23.87
		Sasha Ali		Progressive Empowerment Party	250	1.61
		Rejected ballots			41	0.26
Point Fortin	26,003	Kennedy Richards		People's National Movement	9,276	59.10
		Taharqa Obika		United National Congress	5,761	36.70
		Ernesto Kesar		Movement for Social Justice	545	3.47
		Kenesha Ramsoondar		Progressive Empowerment Party	58	0.37
		Nicholas Anthony Williams		Trinidad and Tobago Democratic Front	20	0.13
		Rejected ballots			36	0.23
Pointe-à-Pierre	25,096	David Lee		United National Congress	8,869	53.38
		Daniel Dookie		People's National Movement	7,357	44.28
		David Abdulah		Movement for Social Justice	208	1.25
		Marvyn Howard		Progressive Empowerment Party	144	0.87
		Rejected ballots			37	0.22
Port-of-Spain North/St. Ann's West	25,003	Stuart Young		People's National Movement	9,475	81.08
		Darren Garner		United National Congress	1,705	14.59
		Limma Mc Leod		Progressive Empowerment Party	385	3.29
		Kenneth Munroe-Brown		Unrepresented Peoples Party	74	0.63
		Rejected ballots			47	0.40
Port-of-Spain South	24,754	Keith Scotland		People's National Movement	8,199	78.25
		Curtis Orr		United National Congress	1,850	17.66
		Gail Castanada		Progressive Empowerment Party	256	2.44
		Fuad Abu Bakr		New National Vision	147	1.40
		Rejected ballots			26	0.25
Princes Town	27,178	Barry Padarath		United National Congress	11,280	69.51
		Sharon Baboolal		People's National Movement	4,708	29.01
		Kim Young Low		Progressive Empowerment Party	209	1.29
		Rejected ballots			32	0.20
San Fernando East	25,008	Brian Manning		People's National Movement	9,862	67.60
		Monifa Andrews		United National Congress	4,689	32.14
		Rejected ballots			38	0.26
San Fernando West	25,035	Faris Al-Rawi		People's National Movement	8,459	54.20
		Sean Sobers		United National Congress	6,754	43.28
		Nikoli Edwards		Progressive Party	212	1.36
		Benison Jagessar		Progressive Empowerment Party	128	0.82
		Valmiki Ramsingh		The National Party	23	0.15
		Rejected ballots			31	0.20
Siparia	28,663	Kamla Persad-Bissessar		United National Congress	13,487	77.52
		Rebecca Dipnarine		People's National Movement	3,855	22.16
		Rejected ballots			56	0.32
St. Ann's East	29,454	Nyan Gadsby-Dolly		People's National Movement	10,979	74.23
		Kenya Charles		United National Congress	3,438	23.25
		Akil Camps		Progressive Empowerment Party	327	2.21
		Rejected ballots			46	0.31
St. Augustine	28,094	Khadijah Ameen		United National Congress	11,943	67.46
		Renuka Sagramsingh-Sooklal		People's National Movement	5,264	29.73
		Satesh Ramsaran		Progressive Empowerment Party	235	1.33
		Carolyn Seepersad-Bachan		Congress of the People	188	1.06
		Michlin Hosein-Phelps		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	33	0.19
		Rejected ballots			42	0.24
St. Joseph	28,452	Terrence Deyalsingh		People's National Movement	9,362	51.46
		Ahloy Hunt		United National Congress	8,539	46.94
		Errol Fabien		Independent	220	1.21
		Joel Williams		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	30	0.16
		Rejected ballots			42	0.23
Tabaquite	28,832	Anita Haynes		United National Congress	11,440	67.62
		Michael Seales		People's National Movement	5,209	30.79
		Carl Henry		Progressive Empowerment Party	221	1.31
		Rejected ballots			48	0.28
Tobago East	23,102	Ayanna Webster-Roy		People's National Movement	7,128	54.36
		Watson Duke		Progressive Democratic Patriots	5,866	44.73
		Juliana Henry-King		One Tobago Voice	80	0.61
		Rejected ballots			39	0.30
Tobago West	27,686	Shamfa Cudjoe		People's National Movement	9,202	66.63
		Tashia Grace Burris		Progressive Democratic Patriots	4,502	32.60
		Ricardo Phillip		Independent	43	0.31
		Nickocy Phillips		Unity of the People	40	0.29
		Rejected ballots			24	0.17
Toco/Sangre Grande	31,096	Roger Monroe		People's National Movement	10,694	58.67
		Nabila Greene		United National Congress	7,303	40.07
		Kevon Hernandez		Progressive Empowerment Party	166	0.91
		Rejected ballots			63	0.35
Tunapuna	27,433	Esmond Forde		People's National Movement	9,460	54.63
		David Nakhid		United National Congress	7,533	43.50
		Maurice Downes		Progressive Empowerment Party	228	1.32
		Marcus Ramkissoon		Trinidad Humanity Campaign	58	0.33
		Rejected ballots			37	0.21

Reactions

Domestic reactions

• President of Trinidad and Tobago Paula-Mae Weekes in her address "wished the Prime Minister and his Cabinet success in the delivery of their mandate and urged them to get down to the serious business of the good governance of the people of Trinidad and Tobago." ^{[96] [97] [98]}
• Tobago: Chief Secretary of Tobago Ancil Dennis issued "congratulations to Prime Minister Dr. The Honourable Keith Christopher Rowley and his new Cabinet".^{[ citation needed ]}

Regional reactions

• CARICOM
  • “Prime Minister, your success at the polls is an indication of the confidence that the people of Trinidad and Tobago have in your stewardship and the plans you have outlined for their future,” Ambassador LaRocque said in his congratulatory message to Dr. Rowley. ^{[99] [100]}
• CARICOM / St. Vincent and the Grenadines
  • CARICOM Chairman and Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Ralph Gonsalves tweeted: "Congratulations to my brother and friend Dr Keith Rowley and the PNM team on their electoral victory last night. We look forward to growing our already strong relationship with the government and people of TT." ^{[101] [102]}
• St. Lucia
  • Prime Minister of Saint Lucia Allen Chastanet, in a statement expressed: "Congratulations to Dr. Keith Rowley and the People's National Movement on their new mandate to continue serving Trinidad & Tobago for 5 more years. We wish you, your team and the people of T&T great success throughout this new term and we look forward to working together to build a more united and prosperous region 🇱🇨🇹🇹" ^{[103] [104] [105]}
• Belize
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belize) tweeted: "Congratulations to Hon. @DrKeithRowley on his successful re-election as Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago @OPM_TT during yesterday's general elections held in challenging circumstances occasioned by the #COVID19 pandemic " ^[106]
• Antigua and Barbuda
  • Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Gaston Browne in a letter sent congratulations to Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Dr Keith Rowley on his impending re-election, stating "I wish your Government and the people of Trinidad and Tobago every good fortune as you continue to the task of strengthening your great country.” ^{[107] [108]}
• Grenada
  • Prime Minister of Grenada Keith Mitchell congratulated Prime Minister Rowley indicating that "the results show that the people of Trinidad and Tobago are confident in Dr Rowley's leadership abilities, and are looking to you for continued direction to steer the country further along the path of development. With the support of his Cabinet and people, I am confident Dr Rowley will succeed in pushing forward the country's agenda, so that everyone can benefit.' ^{[109] [110]}
  • Leader of the largest opposition party in Grenada Franka Bernardine on behalf of her party National Democratic Congress and the people of Grenada congratulated Prime Minister Rowley on his re-election as Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago noting 'the use of the virtual platform was new and added a unique dynamic to an already robust and grounded PNM team. The sharp focus and hard work of your campaign team were, no doubt vital to your success.'" ^{[111] [112]}
• St. Kitts and Nevis
  • Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis Timothy Harris congratulated Prime Minister Rowley on his re-election and the PNM, during a press conference held on Tuesday August 11. ^[113]
• Guyana
  • The opposition People's National Congress led by former president of Guyana David A. Granger congratulated Prime Minister Rowley and the People's National Movement (PNM) on their victory at the General Elections in Trinidad and Tobago on the August 10, 2020. ^[114]
• Montserrat
  • Premier of Montserrat Joseph Farrell issued a diplomatic note stating “It is truly my great honour, on behalf of the Government and people of Montserrat, to extend best wishes to you and the People's National Movement (PNM) in the fulfillment of this high office for which you were successfully returned for another term.” ^[115]

International reactions

• Organization of American States
  • Secretary General of the Organization of American States Luis Almagro tweeted from his official Twitter account: "Our congratulations to Prime Minister @DrKeithRowley. Count on our will to work together to strengthen the pillars of the @OAS_official beginning with development." ^[116]
• Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States
  • Secretary-General Georges Rebelo Chikoti congratulated the Prime Minister Keith Rowley, on his party's victory at the polls and on his re-election for a second term as Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.paying special congratulations to the candidates and that the people of the twin island nation, "through this election, have once again demonstrated their commitment to democracy, peace and stability." ^[117]
• Venezuela
  • The Ministry of Communication and Information and Minister of Foreign Affairs Jorge Arreaza tweeted a statement from President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro ^[118] using their official accounts where he extended "congratulations to the people of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, for the successful holding of the general elections held on Monday, August 10, 2020, in which Prime Minister Keith Rowley was re-elected." ^{[119] [120]} President Maduro subsequently phoned Prime Minister Keith Rowley to congratulate him, exchanging experiences in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to impressions of the bilateral agenda." ^[121]
• Nicaragua
  • President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega and Vice President of Nicaragua Rosario Murillo sent a message to Prime Minister Keith Rowley on his victory in the elections writing "with Fraternal Solidarity we celebrate your Triumph yesterday, Monday, August 10, which accredits and confirms You and your Party, the People's National Movement (PNM), for a New Mandate to lead and accompany your People, in these complex Times, with Stability, Work, Health and Peace." ^[122]
• Canada
  • The Canadian High Commission in Trinidad and Tobago using their official Twitter account expressed: "Congratulations to Prime Minister Dr. Keith Rowley on his re-election as Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Canada looks forward to advancing our longstanding friendship and continuing to collaborate in areas important to both Canada and #TrinidadAndTobago."
• United States
  • Western Hemisphere Affairs Assistant Secretary Michael Kozak using his official Twitter account expressed: "Today the people of Trinidad and Tobago swear in a prime minister, elected in a transparent process that accurately reflects their will. The United States congratulates @DrKeithRowley on his election victory, & wishes the people of Trinidad and Tobago continuing prosperity." ^[123]
  • United States Chamber of Commerce ^[124]
• United Kingdom
  • Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for the Overseas Territories and Sustainable Development) Liz Sugg, Baroness Sugg tweeted from her official account "My congratulations to @DrKeithRowley on your re-election, and on today's swearing-in to office. I look forward to our continued partnership as the UK and Trinidad & Tobago work together to fight #Covid19, deepen our security cooperation & combat the threat of climate change 🇬🇧🇹🇹" ^[125]
  • British High Commissioner Tim Stew using his official Twitter account expressed: "Congratulations @DrKeithRowley on your re-election success! T&T 🇹🇹 & the UK 🇬🇧 enjoy a strong partnership. I look forward to that partnership depending & prospering in the years ahead." ^{[126] [127] [ citation needed ]}
  • Councilor and subsequently Mayor of the London Borough of Haringey, a twin town of Arima, Adam Jogee using his official Twitter account expressed his congratulations noting that the re-election was a " solid win for our sister party after a spirited campaign!"
• Mexico
  • The Embassy of Mexico in Trinidad and Tobago using its official Twitter account sent congratulations to the new government of Trinidad and Tobago. ^{[128] [129]}
• China
  • Premier of the People's Republic of China Li Keqiang sent a congratulatory message to Prime Minister Keith Rowley noting the 46 friendly years of diplomatic relations between China and Trinidad and Tobago and that the two countries opened a new page in the history of bilateral friendship by supporting each other in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic. ^{[130] [131] [132]}
• Japan
  • Japan Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago Tatsuo Hirayama phoned Prime Minister Rowley congratulating him on his re-election as the Prime Minister, and also exchanging views on the bilateral relations between Japan and Trinidad and Tobago. ^{[133] [134]}

Notes

1. These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.

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External links

• 2020 General Elections CNC3
• 2020 General Election Archived 8 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Trinidad Guardian
• Trinidad and Tobago 2020 Election Centre Live Results Trinidad Express