Foreign relations of Ecuador

This article describes the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Ecuador

Ecuador is a founding member of the UN and a member of many of its specialized agencies; it is also a member of the Organization of American States (OAS), as well as many regional groups, including the Rio Group, the Latin American Economic System, the Latin American Energy Organization, the Latin American Integration Association, and the Andean Pact. ^[1]

Ecuador's principal foreign-policy objectives have traditionally included defense of its territory from both external aggression and internal subversion as well as support for the objectives of the UN and the OAS. Although Ecuador's foreign relations were traditionally centered on the United States, Ecuador's membership in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the 1970s and 1980s allowed Ecuadorian leaders to exercise somewhat greater foreign policy autonomy. Ecuador's foreign policy goals under the Borja government in the late 1980s were more diversified than those of the Febres Cordero administration, which closely identified with the United States. For example, Ecuador was more active in its relations with the Third World, multilateral organizations, Western Europe, and socialist countries. ^[2]

Ecuador has offered humanitarianian aid to many countries, is a supporter of the United Nations, and currently contributes troops to the UN mission in Haiti. Ecuador has also been an elective member of the UN Security Council.

In Antarctica, Ecuador has maintained a peaceful research station for scientific study in the British-claimed territory and is a member nation of the Antarctica Treaty.

Domestic politics

Further information: Foreign policy of Rafael Correa

The presidency of Rafael Correa in the early 21st century saw a radical change in the country's foreign policy. Traditional ties with the United States grew more acrimonious and there were increased ties with the governments of Russia and Iran. ^[3] The relations with the United States, however, improved significantly during the presidency of his successor Lenin Moreno since 2017. ^[4]

List

List of countries which Ecuador maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
1	Peru	26 September 1831 [5]
2	Colombia	10 February 1832 [6]
3	Chile	26 April 1835 [7]
4	Venezuela	18 August 1835 [8]
—	Nicaragua (suspended)	1836 [9] [10]
—	Mexico (suspended)	15 November 1837 [7] [11]
5	Spain	16 February 1840 [12]
6	Denmark	June 1841 [13]
7	Bolivia	8 May 1842 [14]
8	Brazil	November 1844 [15]
9	France	6 June 1848 [16]
10	United States	12 August 1848 [17]
11	United Kingdom	29 January 1853 [18]
—	Holy See	6 August 1877 [19]
12	Paraguay	15 December 1880 [20]
13	Costa Rica	26 October 1885 [21]
14	Dominican Republic	1888 [22]
15	Switzerland	1888 [23]
16	El Salvador	29 March 1890 [24]
17	Guatemala	6 May 1890 [25]
18	Honduras	1896 [26]
19	Italy	31 May 1900 [27]
20	Argentina	27 March 1903 [28]
21	Panama	1 September 1908 [29]
22	Uruguay	1 June 1914 [30]
23	Japan	26 August 1918 [31]
24	Sweden	21 September 1931 [32]
25	Poland	5 August 1935 [33]
26	Norway	22 October 1936 [34]
27	Russia	16 June 1945 [35]
28	Austria	27 June 1947 [36]
29	Portugal	28 August 1948 [37]
30	Lebanon	15 September 1948 [38]
31	Haiti	14 November 1949 [39]
32	Turkey	1950 [40]
33	Germany	4 July 1952 [41]
34	Serbia	10 January 1956 [42]
35	Luxembourg	24 April 1956 [43]
36	Israel	18 June 1957 [44]
37	Egypt	8 November 1960 [45]
38	Canada	March 1961 [46]
39	South Korea	5 October 1962 [47]
40	Finland	5 February 1965 [48]
41	Morocco	22 April 1966 [49]
42	Greece	5 July 1966 [50]
43	Trinidad and Tobago	9 November 1967 [51]
44	Romania	12 November 1968 [52]
45	India	November 1969 [53]
46	Hungary	23 January 1970 [54]
47	Bulgaria	28 April 1971 [55]
48	Algeria	2 July 1973 [56]
49	Iran	19 July 1973 [57]
50	Jamaica	10 September 1973 [58]
51	Iraq	10 February 1974 [59]
52	Guyana	2 July 1974 [60]
53	Australia	3 February 1975 [61]
54	United Arab Emirates	9 June 1975 [62]
55	Kuwait	30 July 1975 [63]
56	Qatar	1975 [64]
57	Philippines	5 July 1976 [65]
58	Bahamas	27 April 1978 [66]
59	Suriname	22 June 1978 [67]
60	Barbados	23 June 1978 [68]
61	Libya	1 September 1978 [69]
62	New Zealand	25 September 1978 [70]
63	Grenada	June 1979 [71]
64	Pakistan	23 July 1979 [72]
65	Cuba	23 August 1979 [73]
66	Nigeria	10 December 1979 [74]
67	Cyprus	14 December 1979 [66]
68	Jordan	1 January 1980 [66]
69	Malta	1 January 1980 [66]
70	Saint Lucia	1 January 1980 [66]
71	Vietnam	1 January 1980 [66]
72	China	2 January 1980 [66]
73	Thailand	15 January 1980 [66]
74	Tunisia	29 January 1980 [73]
75	Albania	31 January 1980 [73]
76	Togo	11 February 1980 [75]
77	Republic of the Congo	12 February 1980 [76]
78	Democratic Republic of the Congo	29 February 1980 [66]
79	Liberia	31 March 1980 [66]
80	Indonesia	29 April 1980 [66]
81	Senegal	25 August 1980 [66]
82	Equatorial Guinea	8 September 1980 [77]
83	Gabon	11 November 1980 [66]
84	Oman	9 July 1982 [78]
85	Mongolia	30 October 1982 [79]
—	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended) [80]	14 November 1983 [81]
86	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1 August 1989 [66]
87	Malaysia	1989 [82]
88	Namibia	12 July 1990 [66]
89	Afghanistan	23 August 1990 [66]
90	Seychelles	6 December 1991 [66]
91	Lithuania	20 October 1992 [66]
92	Latvia	21 October 1992 [66]
93	Estonia	22 October 1992 [66]
94	Slovakia	1 January 1993 [83]
95	Ukraine	27 April 1993 [66]
96	Belarus	5 May 1993 [66]
97	Cambodia	29 June 1994 [66]
98	South Africa	22 September 1994 [66]
99	Singapore	23 September 1994 [66]
100	Croatia	22 February 1996 [84]
101	Andorra	7 May 1996 [66]
102	Mozambique	3 December 1996 [66]
103	Guinea-Bissau	10 December 1996 [66]
104	Slovenia	18 April 1997 [85]
105	Armenia	20 May 1997 [86]
106	Turkmenistan	11 June 1997 [66]
107	Angola	17 June 1997 [66]
108	Liechtenstein	17 October 1997 [87]
109	Bosnia and Herzegovina	26 January 1998 [66]
110	Georgia	28 January 1998 [66]
111	Belize	14 October 1999 [66]
112	Ireland	20 October 1999 [66]
113	North Macedonia	22 June 2000 [66]
114	Bahrain	26 June 2000 [66]
115	Brunei	19 March 2001 [66]
116	Monaco	5 April 2001 [88]
117	Mauritius	13 May 2003 [66]
118	Iceland	11 December 2003 [66]
119	Azerbaijan	22 March 2004 [66]
120	Nepal	21 June 2006 [66]
121	Ghana	10 May 2007 [89]
122	Botswana	4 June 2007 [66]
123	San Marino	27 June 2008 [90]
—	State of Palestine	24 November 2008 [91]
124	Saudi Arabia	23 January 2009 [66]
125	Antigua and Barbuda	10 August 2009 [92]
126	Dominica	24 June 2009 [66]
127	Montenegro	24 September 2009 [66]
128	Cape Verde	10 August 2010 [66]
129	Maldives	14 March 2011 [66]
130	Sri Lanka	9 May 2011 [66]
131	Uzbekistan	19 July 2011 [93]
132	East Timor	8 September 2011 [66]
133	Laos	12 September 2011 [66]
134	Tuvalu	19 September 2011 [66]
135	Moldova	8 November 2011 [66]
136	Gambia	1 December 2011 [66]
137	Samoa	20 December 2011 [66]
138	Solomon Islands	20 December 2011 [66]
139	Kazakhstan	23 January 2012 [66]
140	Ethiopia	23 January 2012 [66]
141	Burkina Faso	8 February 2012 [66]
142	Fiji	12 February 2013 [66]
143	Eritrea	13 March 2013 [66]
144	Zambia	16 July 2013 [94]
145	Mauritania	28 September 2014 [95]
146	Zimbabwe	10 February 2015 [66]
147	Sierra Leone	12 February 2015 [66]
148	Central African Republic	20 February 2015 [66]
149	Burundi	27 February 2015 [66]
150	Sudan	13 March 2015 [66]
151	Mali	17 April 2015 [66]
152	South Sudan	8 May 2015 [66]
153	Ivory Coast	3 June 2015 [66]
154	Tanzania	16 June 2015 [66]
155	Comoros	15 October 2015 [66]
156	Djibouti	20 November 2015 [66]
157	Bangladesh	13 April 2016 [96]
158	Tajikistan	12 July 2016 [66]
159	Kyrgyzstan	13 December 2016 [66]
160	Myanmar	6 April 2017 [66]
161	Vanuatu	26 September 2018 [66]
162	Marshall Islands	24 September 2019 [66]
163	Benin	7 October 2019 [66]
164	Rwanda	17 October 2019 [66]
165	Palau	24 October 2022 [66]
—	Cook Islands	21 May 2024 [97]
166	Cameroon	Unknown
167	Chad	Unknown
168	Guinea	Unknown
169	Kenya	Unknown
170	Lesotho	Unknown
171	Madagascar	Unknown
172	Malawi	Unknown
173	Netherlands	Unknown
174	Niger	Unknown
175	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Unknown
176	Syria	Unknown
177	Uganda	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country	Formal Relations	Notes
Belgium		Belgium is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98] Ecuador has an embassy in Brussels. [98]
Belize	October 14, 1999	Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1999. [99] Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States.
Chile	April 26, 1835	See Chile–Ecuador relations. Chile has an embassy in Quito. Ecuador has an embassy in Santiago.
Czech Republic		Czech Republic is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru, and hold consulates in Quito and Guayaquil. [98] Ecuador has an embassy in Prague. [100]
China	February 1, 1980	See China–Ecuador relations Formal relations started on 1980-01-02 and seven months later China set up its embassy in Ecuador. In July 1981, Ecuador set up its embassy in China. Sino-Ecuadorian relations have been advancing smoothly. The two sides maintain high-level political contacts and exchanges in trade, economic progress, science, technology, culture and education. In international affairs, the two countries understand and support each other. In September 2012, the two nations signed a Commercial and Security Agreement to allow Ecuador to sell easily seafood, cocoa and bananas in China, with the Chinese agreeing to ease tariffs on further food items. In the same period China established an $80 million line of credit for Ecuador with the EximBank to help Ecuador build a road to the re-sited Quito airport. [101]
Colombia		See Colombia–Ecuador relations See also: 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis Ecuador's President Rafael Correa withdrew his government's ambassador in Bogotá, Colombia, and ordered troops to the country's border following a Colombian raid against leftist rebels inside Ecuador March 2, 2008. [102] The Colombian director of national police claimed three captured computers from the deceased FARC rebel leader Raúl Reyes document "tremendously revealing" and "very grave" links between Ecuador and Colombian rebels.March 2, 2008. [103] However, Colombia's actions were condemned across the board by all South American nations, with only the US supporting Colombia. For example, Brazil's foreign minister, Celso Amorim, condemned the Colombian incursion into Ecuador. [103] Furthermore, he suggested that Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez recently gave the leftist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia $300 million. [103] Ecuador's president Rafael Correa said March 3, 2008, that a deal to release political prisoners—including former Colombian Sen. Ingrid Betancourt—was nearly complete before the March 1, 2008, Colombian raid into his country. [103] Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez on March 5, 2008, called the announced movement of Colombian forces in Ecuador a "war crime," and joined Ecuador's president Rafael Correa in demanding international condemnation of the cross-border attack. The presidents of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador March 7, 2008, signed a declaration to end a crisis sparked when Colombian troops killed a rebel leader and 21 others inside Ecuadoran territory (2008 Andean diplomatic crisis). [104] In January 2021, Ecuadorian President Lenin Moreno and Colombian President Ivan Duque made a joint statement on the good relations of the two countries. [105]
Finland		Finland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98] Ecuador has an embassy in Helsinki. [106]
France		Ecuador has an embassy in Paris. France has an embassy in Quito.
Germany		See Ecuador–Germany relations Ecuador has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate in Hamburg. Germany has an embassy in Quito.
Greece		Greece is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98] Ecuador holds a consulate in Athens. [98]
Guyana	July 2, 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 2, 1974. [107] Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States.
India		See Ecuador–India relations On November 16, 2008, the Foreign Minister of Ecuador Maria Isabel Salvador met her counterpart, Pranab Mukherjee, with a close relationship in oil and defence between these geographically distant countries high on the agenda. On the oil front, the new government in Ecuador has reversed the earlier revenue-sharing arrangements with western oil companies and is now keen on striking new partnerships with state-owned ONGC Videsh of India. In the defence sector, Ecuador became the first country to sign a contract for purchasing the Indian-made Dhruv helicopters, of which one will be for use by its president. The embassy has expanded its setup with the appointment of a Military Attache and prospects appear bright for more defence exports as Ecuador has agreed to be the servicing hub in South America for Indian defence equipment. [108]
Iran	1973	See Ecuador–Iran relations Ecuador has maintained trade relations with Iran. In December 2008, Iran's Supreme National Security Council Secretary Saeed Jalili visited Ecuador. Alongside president Rafael Correa he called for greater "South–South" co-operation, a term denoting greater exchange of resources, technology, and knowledge between the global South. [109] Iranian president Ahmadinejad also attended the inauguration of President Correa in January 2007. [110]
Italy		Ecuador has an embassy in Rome and a consulates-general in Genoa and Milan. Italy has an embassy in Quito.
Japan	August 26, 1918	See Ecuador–Japan relations Ecuador has an embassy in Tokyo. Japan has an embassy in Quito.
Malaysia		See Ecuador–Malaysia relations Relations with Malaysia covers on political, commercial, cultural and social activities. [111] Both countries are the members of Non-Aligned Movement. [112] Ecuador trade value with Malaysia are worth about US$15 million. [112] [113]
Mexico	1837 Diplomatic Severed in April 2024	See Ecuador–Mexico relations In April 2024, Mexico severed diplomatic relations with Ecuador due to the raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador. [114]
Netherlands		The Netherlands are accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98] Ecuador has an embassy in The Hague, a consulate in Rotterdam, and a vice consulate in Amsterdam. [98]
Palestine	2010	Ecuador recognized the State of Palestine in 2010. [115]
Paraguay		Ecuador has an embassy in Asuncion. Paraguay has an embassy in Quito.
Peru		See Ecuador–Peru relations The Paquisha War was a brief military clash that took place between January and February 1981 between Ecuador and Peru over the control of three watchposts. Since the 1990s, Ecuadoran foreign policy has been focused on the country's border dispute with Peru, an issue that has festered since independence. The boundary dispute led to the Cenepa War between Ecuador and Peru in early 1995; after a peace agreement brokered by the four Guarantors of the Rio Protocol (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States), the Military Observers Mission to Ecuador-Peru (MOMEP) was set up to monitor the zone. In 1998, Presidents Jamil Mahuad of Ecuador and Alberto Fujimori of Peru signed a comprehensive settlement over control of the disputed zone.
Poland		Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Vienna, Austria. Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98]
Romania		Romania is accredited to Ecuador from Lima, Peru, and has consulates in Quito and Guayaquil. [98]
Russia		See Ecuador–Russia relations Ecuador has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Quito.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	1983	Further information: List of ambassadors of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to Ecuador Ecuador has a non-resident embassy in New York. The SADR has an embassy in Quito.
South Africa		Ecuador has an embassy in Pretoria. [98] South Africa is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98]
Spain	1840	See Ecuador–Spain relations Ecuador has an embassy in Madrid and consulates-general in Alicante, Barcelona, Málaga, Murcia, Palma and Valencia. [116] Spain has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayaquil. [117]
Sweden		Ecuador has an embassy in Stockholm. [118] Sweden has a consulate in Quito. [119]
Thailand		Thailand is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru, and holds a consulate general in Quito. [98] Ecuador has an consulate in Bangkok. [120]
Turkey	1950 [121]	See Ecuador–Turkey relations Ecuador has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil. Trade volume between the two countries was US$117 million in 2019 (Ecuadorian exports/imports: 58/59 million USD. [121]
United Arab Emirates		The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru. [98] Ecuador has an embassy in Abu Dhabi. [122]
United Kingdom		Relations between the United Kingdom and Ecuador were traditionally regarded as "low-key but cordial", especially before the election of Rafael Correa; the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall visited the country in 2009, as part of a tour celebrating the bicentenary of Charles Darwin. President Correa visited London in the same year, speaking mostly in English at the London School of Economics about the changes his government was making. [123] In 2012, relations became strained when Julian Assange, founder of the WikiLeaks website, entered the Ecuadorian embassy in London and sought asylum. Assange had lost legal appeals against his extradition to Sweden where he was wanted for questioning about alleged sexual assault and rape, but while within the embassy he was on diplomatic territory and beyond the reach of the British police. [124] The United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office delivered a note to the Ecuadorian government in Quito reminding them of the provisions of the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 which allow the British government to withdraw recognition of diplomatic protection from embassies; the move was interpreted as a hostile act by Ecuador, with Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño stating that this "explicit threat" would be met with "appropriate responses in accordance with international law". [125] Assange was granted diplomatic asylum on August 16, 2012, with Foreign Minister Patiño stating that Assange's fears of political persecution were "legitimate". [126] Finally, President Lenín Moreno revoked Assange's asylum in April 2019. In reaction, the British Foreign Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, thanked Moreno for his cooperation to "ensure Assange faces justice". [127]
United States		See Ecuador–United States relations The United States and Ecuador used to maintain close ties based on mutual interests in maintaining democratic institutions; combating cannabis and cocaine; building trade, investment, and financial ties; cooperating in fostering Ecuador's economic development; and participating in inter-American organizations. Ties were further strengthened by the presence of an estimated 150,000–200,000 Ecuadorians living in the United States and by 24,000 U.S. citizens visiting Ecuador annually, and by approximately 15,000 U.S. citizens residing in Ecuador. The United States assisted Ecuador's economic development directly through the Agency for International Development (USAID) program in Ecuador and through multilateral organizations such as the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank. In addition, the U.S. Peace Corps operates a sizable program in Ecuador. More than 100 U.S. companies are doing business in Ecuador. The relations deteriorated greatly during the presidency of Rafael Correa since 2007 until 2017. The relations, however, improved significantly during the presidency of Lenin Moreno since 2017. In February 2020, his visit to Washington was the first meeting between an Ecuadorian and U.S. president in 17 years. [4] Ecuador has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and several consulates throughout the country. United States has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
Uruguay		See Ecuador–Uruguay relations Ecuador has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Quito.
Venezuela		See Ecuador–Venezuela relations Diplomatic ties trace back to the Spanish colonization of the Americas. With the independence both countries united under the Gran Colombia along with New Granada (then Colombia and Panama). After the dissolution of the Gran Colombia, Ecuador named Don Pedro Gual as plenipotentiary minister with the main task of resolving the debt acquired while part of the Gran Colombia union as well as to establish diplomatic relations with the New Granada and Venezuela. On August 4, 1852, Venezuela sent a diplomatic delegation in Quito and named José Julián Ponce as finance administrator. The relations remained cordial and entered into a second period between 1910 and 1963 with two diplomatic incidents occurring in 1928 and 1955. Ecuador and Venezuela strengthened ties in politics, diplomacy and military. During the presidency of Lenin Moreno since 2017, Ecuador broke diplomatic relations with Venezuela. Ecuador did not any more recognize the regime of Nicholas Maduro. Instead, Ecuador recognized and supported opposition leader Juan Guaidó as Interim President of Venezuela. [128] [129]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Ecuador
• List of diplomatic missions of Ecuador

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