2023 Ecuadorian general election Last updated February 19, 2025
2023 Ecuadorian general election Presidential election
First round results by province Second round results by province Parliamentary election
National Assembly This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Snap general elections were held in Ecuador on 20 August 2023 to elect the President of Ecuador , members of the National Assembly , and to decide on two referendums . The elections were triggered by the invocation of muerte cruzada dissolved the National Assembly on 17 May 2023. [ 1] A run-off election was held on 15 October 2023 to elect the President after no candidate secured the required threshold to win in the first round. Incumbent president Guillermo Lasso was eligible for a second term, [ 2] but he announced on 18 May that he would not seek re-election in response to his impeachment. [ 3] [ 4]
The officials elected— to both the executive and legislative branches— will serve the remainder of the current presidential and legislative terms (2021–2025), beginning on 25 November 2023. A regular election for a full four-year term is expected to take place in early 2025. [ 5] A national referendum on oil exploitation in the Yasuní National Park and a local referendum on metallic mining in the Chocó Andino area were held on the same day. [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] The assassination of presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio —11 days before the first round—made international headlines. [ 9]
Advancing to the 15 October run-off, Luisa González of the Citizen Revolution Movement secured first place with 33% of the vote, while Daniel Noboa of the National Democratic Action came in second with 24%. [ 10] [ 11] Noboa's second-place finish was considered surprising and an upset , with his debate performance seen as a key factor in his rise in popularity. [ 12] Noboa ultimately defeated González in the runoff election, securing 52% of the vote, a result similar to Guillermo Lasso's victory in 2021. [ 13] At 35 years old, he became the youngest president in Ecuador's history. [ 14] [ 15]
Background Voting sheets used for the general elections.
Voting stations used for the elections.
On 17 May 2023, a day after he presented his defense in an impeachment process against him, President Lasso invoked the muerte cruzada 2008 Constitution to dissolve the National Assembly , bringing forward legislative and presidential elections. [ 16]
On 18 May, Diana Atamaint , the president of the National Electoral Council (CNE), announced 20 August 2023 as the tentative date for the legislative election and the first round of the presidential vote. The CNE had until 24 May to finalize the electoral calendar. [ 17]
On 13 June, Luisa González was en route to register her presidential candidacy with the National Electoral Council with her supporters and president of the Citizen Revolution movement, Marcela Aguiñaga , when they were attacked with pepper spray and tear gas by the National Police . [ 18] She was treated at a Quito medical center after flushing her eyes from the pepper spray. [ 19] The National Police claimed to have used chemical agents to protect security and public order because of the hostile behavior of González's supporters. [ 20]
Less than two weeks before the election, on 9 August 2023, candidate Fernando Villavicencio was assassinated after a campaign rally in Quito at the age of 59. [ 21] He is the first presidential candidate to have been assassinated in the country since Abdon Calderon Muñoz's assassination in 1978. [ 22] The assassination of Villavicencio made international news, prompting condemnation of the attack and condolences by foreign countries as well as the Organization of American States , who called for an investigation. [ 23] [ 24] He was replaced on the ballot by a fellow journalist, Christian Zurita , keeping Villavicencio's running mate Andrea González. [ 25]
The general election has been perceived to be largely overshadowed by narco politics and violent crime. [ 26] [ 27]
Electoral system Demonstration in Quito supporting blank voting ("Vota no") The president is elected using a modified two-round system , with a candidate required to get over 50% of the vote, or get over 40% of the vote and be 10 points ahead of their nearest rival, to be elected in the first round. [ 28] The president is limited to two consecutive four-year terms. [ 28] [ 29]
Members of the National Assembly are elected by three methods. [ 29] Fifteen are elected by closed list proportional representation in a nationwide constituency. [ 30] Six are elected by overseas voters (two each from Canada/United States, Latin America/Caribbean/Africa and Asia/Europe/Oceania). [ 30] The remaining 116 members are elected from multi-member constituencies by closed list proportional representation, with all seats allocated using the Webster method . [ 30] [ 31] Members of the National Assembly are limited to two four-year terms, regardless if they are consecutive or not. [ 31] There are gender quotas for the party lists, meaning there is alternation between men and women . There are no quotas for minority representation. [ 29]
Presidential candidates President Guillermo Lasso declined to run on 19 May 2023 A day after the dissolution of the National Assembly on 17 May 2023, former Vice President Otto Sonnenholzner announced his candidacy for the presidency, with his campaign being endorsed by Actuemos Alliance and the Democratic Left Party . [ 32] That same day, former National Assembly member and journalist Fernando Villavicencio announced his campaign with the support of the Movimiento Construye Party. [ 9] On 19 May, President Lasso announced in an interview with The Washington Post that he would not run in the 2023 election. [ 3] [ 4] Former Mayor of Guayaquil and 1992 and 1996 presidential candidate Jaime Nebot expressed interest in running under the Social Christian Party ; [ 33] [ 34] however, the party declined to nominate a candidate and instead endorsed businessman Jan Topić 's candidacy on 21 May. [ 35]
On 24 May, former National Assembly member Daniel Noboa , son of businessman and former presidential candidate Álvaro Noboa , announced his candidacy and was endorsed by the Democrática Nacional Alliance. [ 36] The next day, former Azuay Provincial Prefect and 2021 presidential candidate Yaku Pérez Guartambel announced his candidacy and was endorsed by the Claro Que Se Puede Alliance and Pachakutik . [ 37] On 29 May, activist Bolívar Armijos Velasco announced his campaign along with the endorsement of the AMIGO Movement . [ 38]
On 6 June, President Lasso's party Creating Opportunities announced that they would not endorse a presidential candidate. [ 39] On 8 June, Quito -based businessman and 2021 presidential candidate Xavier Hervas announced his candidacy and was endorsed by the RETO Movement . [ 40] On 10 June, the Rafael Correa -funded Citizen Revolution Movement party sought to nominate former Vice President Jorge Glas as their nominee; Glas declined the nomination, however. [ 41] 2021 presidential runner-up Andrés Arauz also declined to run and instead sought the vice presidential candidacy. [ 42] The party instead nominated former Assemblywoman Luisa González as its presidential nominee and Arauz as her running mate. [ 42]
On 13 July 2023, the National Electoral Council (CNE) officially confirmed the eight candidacies of Armijos, González, Hervas, Noboa Azín, Pérez Guartambel, Sonnenholzner, Topić and Villavicencio. [ 43] The CNE also said that the official campaign period would run from 13 July until 20 August. [ 43]
On 13 August, journalist Christian Zurita was named as Villavicencio's replacement following his assassination. [ 25]
Eliminated in first round Assassinated prior to election Declined Andrés Arauz , President of the Citizen Revolution Movement (2020–2021) and 2021 presidential candidate (running for vice president) . [ 45] [ 46] [ 42] Dalton Bacigalupo Buenaventura, member of the National Assembly (2021–2023). [ 47] Jorge Glas , Vice President of Ecuador (2013–2018) (endorsed González) . [ 41] Leonidas Iza , President of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (since 2021). [ 48] [ 49] Pedro José Freile , Director of the Inter-American Development Bank Ecuador Division (2004–2005), leader of the AMIGO Movement (2020–2022) and 2021 presidential candidate (endorsed Topić) . [ 50] Guillermo Lasso , Incumbent president of Ecuador (since 2021) and founder of CREO . [ 3] [ 4] Eduardo Maruri , businessman, member of the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly (2007) and president of Barcelona S.C. (2007–2010) (endorsed Sonnenholzner) . [ 51] [ 52] Jaime Nebot , Mayor of Guayaquil (2000–2019), member of the National Congress (1990–1992, 1998–2000), Governor of Guayas Province (1984–1988) and 1992 and 1996 presidential candidate (party endorsed Topić) . [ 35] Salvador Quishpe , member of the National Assembly (2021–2023), Provincial Prefect of Zamora-Chinchipe Province (2009–2019), member of the National Congress (2003–2008). [ 53] Carlos Rabascall , journalist and 2021 vice presidential candidate . [ 44] [ 42] Opinion polls Run-off Date Participants Pollster Margin Daniel Noboa Luisa González Blank Null Undecided 14 October 16,486 Omar Maluk [ 54] [ 55] 3% 50.9% 49.1% --- 47.8% 46.1% 6.1% -- 15 October [projection] 1,200 CIT Peru [ 56] 2.8% 49.14% 50.86% --- 12 October 50.42% 49.52% 45.00% 44.02% 10.8% -- 10 October 1,485 Dado Duro EC [ 57] 2.8% 38.6% 39.6% 12.4% 9.3% 9 October 1,000 Negocios & Estratégias [ 58] [ 59] 3.1% 49.94% 50.06% --- 43.9% 44% 12.1% 8 October 5,420 Comunicaliza [ 60] 1.33% 41.4% 36.2% 9.2% 13.2% 6 October Six suspects in the assassination of Fernando Villavicencio are killed in Guayaquil Penitentiary [ 61] 5 October 11,235 Omar Maluk [ 62] 3% 48.9% 51.1% --- 4 October 3,750 NEO Consulta [ 63] 1.6% 48.9% 51.1% --- 4 October 3,000 Negocios & Estratégias [ 64] 1.8% 44% 42.8% 5.3% 7.8% 1 October Official second round presidential debate is held in Quito 15 September 5,032 Comunicaliza [ 65] 1.38% 43.1% 35.1% 9.5% 12.3% 15 September 8,000 Omar Maluk [ 66] 2% 52.3% 47.7% --- 10 September 5,381 Comunicaliza [ 67] 1.3% 39.7% 34.0% 11.8% 14.4% 6 September 3,040 Click Report [ 68] 3% 55.2% 44.8% –- 45.8% 37.2% 12.5% 4.5% – 5 September 2,100 NEO Consulta [ 69] 2.1% 49.6% 50.4% –- 42.0% 42.7% 8.6% 6.7% – 2 September 6,002 Comunicaliza [ 70] 1.3% 43.1% 35.4% 8.6% 12.9%
First round Date Pollster Participants Margin of error Noboa González Sonnenholzner Pérez Villavicencio Zurita Hervas Topić Armijos Blank Null Undecided 20 August Election — — 23.47% 33.61% 7.06% 3.97% — 16.37% 0.49% 14.67% 0.36% 2.04 6.77 — 11–12 August Comunicaliza [ 71] 3,641 1.62% 3.3% 24.9% 8.2% 5.8% — 14.5% 1.6% 21.7% 0.3% 9.5% 10.2% 9 August Fernando Villavicencio is assassinated at a campaign rally in Quito and replaced by Zurita 9 August Cedatos [ 72] 1,803 3.1% 3.7% 35.4% 7.5% 11.9% 18.4% – 4.1% 18% 0.9% – – – 2.5% 24% 5.1% 8.1% 12.5% – 2.8% 12.2% 0.6% 11.9% 2.8% 17.5% 6 August Click Report [ 73] 3,040 3% 6.8% 29.3% 9.2% 14.4% 7.5% – 6.8% 9.6% 6.8% 16.9% 3.2% – 5 August Telcodata [ 74] 6,600 1.2% 2.0% 30.5% 6.5% 7.7% 6.8% – 1.6% 13.1% 0.2% 7.6% 23.8% 2 August IPSOS [ 74] 2,490 1.96% 4% 29% 16% 10% 12% – 5% 9% 1% 11% 5% 2 August Telcodata [ 75] 6,631 1.2% 2.1% 29.8% 7.7% 8.8% 7.4% – 2.2% 10.1% 0.3% 7.5% 23.9% 27 July Tracking [ 76] 1,250 5% 3.2% 23.2% 19.4% 10.1% 9.2% – 4.5% 3.8% 0.7% 14.1% 2.6% 9.2% 26 July Comunicaliza [ 77] 3,539 1.7% 4.2% 28.6% 12.6% 8.1% 9.2% – 4.4% 4.4% 0.5% 13.6% 14.5% 23 July Agustín Intriago, Mayor of Manta, is assassinated. 20 July Estrategas Infinity [ 78] 1,549 2.5% 3.1% 30.9% 11.9% 10.0% 7.8% – 5.0% 5.2% 0.3% 11.9% 3.0% 11.0% 18 July Cedatos [ 79] 1,300 3.1% 4.4% 26.6% 7.5% 12.5% 13.2% – 6.0% 3.2% 0.5% 2.6% 16.1% 7.6% 9 July Numma [ 80] 1,604 2.7% 6.4% 33.8% 17.5% 15.1% 10.2% – 6.9% 8.5% 1.6% – – – 3–9 July Tracking [ 81] 1,250 5% 4.6% 24.2% 15.2% 11.5% 8.0% – 5.4% 4.5% 0.6% 10.3% 15.3% 20 June–8 July Omar Maluk [ 82] 7,106 3% 4.4% 40.1% 14.7% 13.6% 9.1% – 10.3% 7.1% 0.6% – – – 3.7% 33.8% 12.4% 11.5% 7.7% – 8.7% 6.0% 0.5% 5.9% 9.8% 5–6 July Comunicaliza [ 83] 3,314 1.7% 4.5% 26.8% 12.8% 10.3% 9.3% – 6.5% 3.0% 0.1% 12.1% 14.1% 26 June–3 July Metria [ 84] 1,200 2.8% 3.1% 37.8% 18.2% 11.0% 7.5% – 1.7% 6.5% ›1% 10.1% – 4.0% 22–26 June Negocios & Estrategias [ 85] [ 86] 3,524 1.7% 4% 52% 14% 13% 4% – 9% 5% 0% – – – 3% 41% 11% 10% 7% – 3% 4% 0% 21% – 1% 30% 8% 8% 5% – 2% 2% 0% 6% 38% 23–26 June Mercanalis [ 87] 4,000 3% 7% 38% 9% 12% 10% – 8% 14% 2% – – – 5% 27% 6% 9% 7% – 5% 10% 1% 12% 18% – 20–24 June Data Encuesta [ 88] [ 89] 4,200 3.4% 5.2% 28.1% 9.6% 16.6% 9.3% – 7.3% 14.8% – – – 9.1% 19–20 June Estrategas Infinity [ 90] 3,645 1.62% 4.3% 28.0% 9.9% 8.8% 8.3% – 6.1% 2.5% 0.5% 3.9% 15.9% 11.8% 16–18 June Comunicaliza [ 91] 3,656 1.62% 3.8% 25.9% 11.2% 10.3% 8.0% – 6.2% 2.6% 0.4% 13.2% 18.4% 5–9 June Data Encuesta [ 92] 4,800 3.4% 4.2% 27.8% 7.6% 14.8% 7.1% – 6.2% 14.2% – – – 17.9%
Results President Candidate Running mate Party First round Second round Votes % Votes % Luisa González Andrés Arauz Citizen Revolution Movement 3,315,663 33.61 4,880,525 48.17 Daniel Noboa Verónica Abad Rojas National Democratic Action 2,315,296 23.47 5,251,695 51.83 Christian Zurita Andrea González Náder Movimiento Construye 1,614,434 16.37 Jan Topić Diana Jácome Silva Por Un País Sin Miedo 1,446,812 14.67 Otto Sonnenholzner Erika Paredes Sánchez Actuemos 696,548 7.06 Yaku Pérez Nory Pinela Morán Claro Que Se Puede 391,674 3.97 Xavier Hervas Luz Marina Vega Conejo RETO Movement 48,428 0.49 Bolívar Armijos Linda Romero Espinoza AMIGO Movement 35,785 0.36 Total 9,864,640 100.00 10,132,220 100.00 Valid votes 9,864,640 91.19 10,132,220 91.49 Invalid votes 732,478 6.77 858,394 7.75 Blank votes 220,717 2.04 84,178 0.76 Total votes 10,817,835 100.00 11,074,792 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 13,045,553 82.92 13,446,682 82.36 Source: CNE , CNE
National Assembly Party National Provincial Overseas Total +/– Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Citizen Revolution Movement [ a] 3,326,110 39.72 6 3,059,898 35.65 42 59,615 56.17 4 52 +3 Movimiento Construye 1,707,682 20.39 3 1,428,869 16.65 24 13,934 13.13 1 28 +16 National Democratic Action 1,219,254 14.56 2 884,747 10.31 11 9,597 9.04 1 14 New Social Christian Party [ b] 996,206 11.90 2 948,333 11.05 12 2,252 2.12 0 14 –4 Actuemos (Avanza–SUMA ) 377,953 4.51 1 577,384 6.73 7 3,488 3.29 0 8 +8 Patriotic Society Party 264,701 3.16 1 118,972 1.39 0 1 0 Claro Que Se Puede (UP –PSE –DSì ) [ c] 240,015 2.87 0 360,066 4.20 3 5,209 4.91 0 3 +3 RETO Movement 141,577 1.69 0 128,174 1.49 0 0 0 AMIGO Movement 100,995 1.21 0 69,265 0.81 1 288 0.27 0 1 +1 Pachakutik 349,450 4.07 4 4,302 4.05 0 4 –23 Democratic Center 137,747 1.60 1 1 +1 PSP –PSC [ d] 52,119 0.61 2 2 +2 RETO –MUPP [ e] 47,017 0.55 1 1 +1 MC –AMIGO [ f] 43,935 0.51 1 1 +1 Democratic Left [ g] 40,743 0.47 0 0 –18 RETO –CD –MP [ h] 29,771 0.35 1 1 +1 Ecuadorian Socialist Party [ i] 14,100 0.16 0 0 0 PSP –PSC –CD [ j] 10,860 0.13 0 0 0 CD –AMIGO [ k] 5,009 0.06 0 0 0 Provincial movements [ l] 276,398 3.22 6 6 +3 PSC –CD 7,455 7.02 0 0 –3 Total 8,374,493 100.00 15 8,582,857 100.00 116 106,140 100.00 6 137 – Valid votes 8,374,493 77.41 8,582,857 79.41 106,140 81.35 Invalid/blank votes 2,443,773 22.59 2,225,585 20.59 24,333 18.65 Total votes 10,818,266 100.00 10,808,442 100.00 130,473 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 13,045,553 82.93 12,419,632 87.03 409,250 31.88 Source: CNE , CNE
↑ Supported by MAR70 and PLAN77 in El Oro and by Sumak Yuyay in Napo . 41 provincial seats won by RC, one won by PLAN77. ↑ Supported by MDG in Guayas and by Caminantes in Manabi . ↑ Supported by AFE in El Oro . One provincial seat won by UP, one by PSE, one by AFE. ↑ Alliance running only in Chimborazo , Napo and Sucumbíos . Two provincial seats won by PSP. ↑ Alliance running only in Chimborazo . One provincial seat won by RETO. ↑ Alliance running only in Cotopaxi . One provincial seat won by MC. ↑ Supported by MINGA in Bolivar . ↑ Alliance running only in Orellana . One provincial seat won by RETO. ↑ Run disjointly from the Claro Que Se Puede alliance only in Cañar ↑ Alliance running only in Bolivar . ↑ Alliance running only in Azuay . ↑ MSC/MPUP/Semilla/MPCG/Unete/MAS Parliamentary results by province Aftermath First round On 20 August, Luisa González advanced to the run-off election after finishing in first place, winning 33% of the vote. [ 11] Her first place finish was predicted. [ 97] She was noted by commentators as a protege to former President Rafael Correa . [ 11] Also advancing to the run-off was businessman Daniel Noboa , whose second place finish was seen as a surprise as his polling numbers were low in the days before the election. [ 10] His debate performance days before the election was seen as a key factor in his second place finish. [ 12] Violence, political stability and the assassination of Fernando Villavicencio were heavily noted a key factors for voters. [ 10] If González would have been elected, she would have been the first woman to be elected president. [ 98] In contrast, if Noboa was elected, he would be the youngest president in Ecuador's history, at 35 years old when he took office. [ 98]
In the National Assembly , the Citizen Revolution Movement won the most votes, coming in the first place at nearly 40% of the popular vote. [ 11] In second place, Villavicencio's Movimiento Construye won 20% of the popular vote. [ 11] Also on the ballot were votes on a referendum on oil exploitation in the Yasuní National Park and a local one on metallic mining in the Chocó Andino. [ 6] [ 8] Voters voted to approve both measures, banning both oil exploitation in the Yasuní National Park, and metallic mining in the Chocó Andino. [ 99] [ 100]
During the first round of the election, the overseas votes had several complications and a final count could not be established. [ 101] Several citizens[ who? ] Organization of American States vowing to assist in addressing the problem. [ 102] CNE President Diana Atamaint said that the delay in counting the oversea ballots were attributed to "cyber attacks" and that new security measures were being implemented to deter further attacks. [ 103] Demonstrations were held both outside the CNE headquarters in Quito and in several cities abroad, demanding a repeat vote. [ 104] As a result, on 25 August, the CNE decided to annul the results of the oversea ballots, ordering a repeat of the legislative votes on the day of the runoff. [ 101]
Second round González, the runner-up in the second round of the presidential election, conceded to Noboa, saying "the candidate they [Noboa's voters] chose has won and as Ecuadoreans we also embrace them". [ 105] At age 35, Noboa became the youngest person elected to the presidency. [ 14] Following his victory, Noboa thanked voters for believing in "a new political project, a young political project, an improbable political project". [ 106] He vowed "to return peace to the country, to give education to the youth again, to be able to provide employment to the many people who are looking for it". [ 106]
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Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023 . ↑ "Crisis en Ecuador: Los candidatos que asoman para competir en la elección presidencial y reemplazar a Lasso" . EMOL. 20 May 2023. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023 . ↑ "Estos son los posibles candidatos a presidente del Ecuador: hay exasambleístas entre las opciones" . Vistazo. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023 . 1 2 3 "El PSC decide no presentar candidato presidencial y respalda a Jan Topic" . www.expreso.ec . Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023 . 1 2 "Daniel Noboa anuncia su candidatura a la presidencia: "Soy un hombre de proyectos que no se rinde" . Vistazo . Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023 . 1 2 "YAKU PÉREZ Y GUSTAVO LARREA CONSOLIDAN UN ACUERDO POLÍTICO ENTRE SOMOS AGUA Y DEMOCRACIA SÍ" . PlanV. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023 . 1 2 "Binomio Armijos-Romero acepta precandidatura a la Presidencia de la República para los comicios de agosto próximo" (in Spanish). El Universo. 8 June 2023. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023 . ↑ "CREO no presentará candidatos a la Presidencia ni a la Asamblea" (in Spanish). Teleamazonas. 6 June 2023. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023 . 1 2 "Binomio presidencial Xavier Hervas-Luz Marina Vega queda en firme; CNE negó objeción de la Revolución Ciudadana" (in Spanish). La Hora. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2023 . 1 2 "Jorge Glas declina ser candidato presidencial del correísmo" . DW (in Spanish). 10 June 2023. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023 . 1 2 3 4 5 "Revolución Ciudadana define a Luisa González y Andrés Arauz como su binomio tras la declinación de Jorge Glas" . El Universo (in Spanish). 10 June 2023. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023 . 1 2 "Campaña electoral para binomios presidenciales arrancará el jueves, 13 de julio de 2023" (in Spanish). El Telégrafo. 13 July 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023 . 1 2 "Elecciones Ecuador 2023: entre Andrés Arauz, Carlos Rabascal y Luisa González está el candidato del correísmo a la Presidencia" . Ecuavisa (in Spanish). 23 May 2023. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023 . ↑ " . La Hora (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023 . ↑ "Andrés Arauz: Mi interés no es la candidatura, es la Presidencia del Ecuador" . El Universo (in Spanish). 23 May 2023. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023 . ↑ "Izquierda Democrática respaldará la precandidatura de Otto Sonnenholzner a la presidencia" . El Universo (in Spanish). 31 May 2023. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023 . ↑ Alejandro Caceres (24 May 2023). "Marlon Santi propone a Leonidas Iza como candidato presidencial" . El Comercio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023 . ↑ "Leonidas Iza retira su precandidatura presidencial para los comicios anticipados de agosto" . El Universo (in Spanish). 2 June 2023. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023 . ↑ "Pedro Freile apoya la candidatura de Jan Topic a la Presidencia de la República" . El Universo . 22 May 2023. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023 . ↑ "Centro Democrático tiene al empresario guayaquileño Eduardo Maruri como su opción para la presidencia de la República" . El Universo (in Spanish). 26 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023 . ↑ "Elecciones Ecuador 2023: Eduardo Maruri renuncia a sus aspiraciones presidenciales y apoyará a Sonnenholzner" . Ecuavisa (in Spanish). 7 June 2023. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ↑ Kevin Puga (7 June 2023). "Pachakutik no presentará candidato presidencial en las elecciones anticipadas" . El Comercio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ↑ "MALUK RESEARCH" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023 . ↑ "Log in or sign up to view" . m.facebook.com . Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023 . ↑ "CIT PERÚ: candidatos de elecciones en Ecuador obtienen empate técnico tras simulacro de votación" . La Noticia (in Spanish). 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023 . ↑ "Existe un empate técnico, la diferencia se encuentra dentro del rango de error por lo que no se puede proyectar un ganador" . X (formerly Twitter) . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ↑ "Log in or sign up to view" . m.facebook.com . Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023 . ↑ La campaña para culpar a Correa beneficia a González, quien ha aumentado en intención de voto. archived from the original on 12 October 2023, retrieved 11 October 2023 ↑ "Log in or sign up to view" . m.facebook.com . Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ↑ SaLem, Omar MaLuk [@omarmaluk] (15 October 2023). "A los seguidores que les interesa el cierre de mi encuesta del día de ayer 14 de Octubre la pueden ver en la web http://malukresearch.com ya que pasó el proceso electoral y la prohibición de no difundir desde el 5 de octubre del 2023. Gracias a todos ustedes por vuestra amable solidaridad y apoyo" [ Followers who are interested in the closing of my survey from yesterday, October 14, can see it on the website malukresearch.com since the electoral process and the prohibition of not disseminating from October 5, 2023 have passed. Thank you all you for your kind solidarity and support.] (Tweet ) – via Twitter . ↑ Jairala, Jimmy [@jimmyjairala] (5 October 2023). "Última encuesta de @omarmaluk cerrada anoche, da cuenta de un "empate técnico" entre @LuisaGonzalezEc y @DanielNoboaOk por haber una diferencia dentro del margen de error. Hoy es el último día de difusión de mediciones. @UnCafeConJJ" [ Last survey of @omarmaluk closed last night, shows a "technical tie" between @LuisaGonzalezEc and @DanielNoboaOk due to there being a difference within the margin of error. Today is the last day of dissemination of measurements. @UnCafeConJJ] (Tweet ) – via Twitter . ↑ "Log in or sign up to view" . m.facebook.com . Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023 . ↑ Sierra, Iván [@mrjohnkeating] (5 October 2023). "#EleccionesEcuador2023 Ficha técnica y gráfico principal del estudio Quo Vadis de intención de voto efectuado entre el 02 y el 04 de octubre de 2023 por nuestra firma, Negocios & Estrategias.🧵4/4" [ #EleccionesEcuador2023 Technical sheet and main graph of the Quo Vadis study of voting intention carried out between October 2 and 4, 2023 by our firm, Negocios & Strategies. 🧵 4/4] (Tweet ). Retrieved 13 October 2023 – via Twitter . ↑ "Comunicaliza Poll" (in Spanish). Couminicaliza. 18 September 2023. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023 . ↑ "Omar Maluk" (in Spanish). Omar Maluk. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ↑ "Comunicaliza Poll" (in Spanish). Comunicaliza. Retrieved 13 September 2023 . ↑ "Click Report Poll" (in Spanish). Twitter. Retrieved 8 September 2023 . ↑ "NEO Consulta Poll" (in Spanish). NEO. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023 . ↑ "Comunicaliza Poll" (in Spanish). Couminicaliza. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023 . ↑ "Encuestas" (PDF) (in Spanish). ASCOA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ↑ "ESTUDIO OPINIÓN – ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES – cerrado a Agosto 9, 2023" (in Spanish). Cedatos. 11 August 2023. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023 . ↑ "Según encuestas, la única certeza es que el correísmo encabeza lid presidencial" (in Spanish). Primicias. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023 . 1 2 "Lo que DEBES saber sobre las ELECCIONES y la JUSTICIA" . IPSOS. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023 . ↑ "Telcodata Poll" . Louis Alexandre. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023 . ↑ "¿Habrá SEGUNDA vuelta? Esto dicen las ENCUESTAS" . Cafe la Posta. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023 . ↑ "Comunicaliza Presidential poll" . Twitter. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . ↑ "Nueva encuesta ubica a Luisa González como favorita para ganar las elecciones" . Radio Pichincha. 27 July 2023. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023 . ↑ "Villavicencio iría a segunda vuelta con Luisa, si las elecciones fueran hoy, según Cedatos" (in Spanish). La Republica. 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023 . ↑ "Candidata Luisa González lidera intención de voto, según encuesta Numma" (in Spanish). Radio Pichincha. 21 July 2023. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023 . ↑ "Tracking Poll" . Facebook. Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ↑ "Omar Maluk Poll" . Twitter. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023 . ↑ "Comunicaliza poll" . La Defensa Ecuador. Retrieved 6 July 2023 . ↑ "Metria poll" . Metria. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023 . ↑ "Negocios & Estrategias poll" . Negocios & Estrategias. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ↑ "Ecuador, presidential election, Negocio & Estrategias poll" . Negocio & Estrategias. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ↑ "Mercanalis poll" . Mercanalis. Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ↑ "Data Encuesta poll" . Data Encuesta. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023 . ↑ "Data Encuesta poll" . Tinoelectoral. Retrieved 24 June 2023 . ↑ "Estrategas Infinity presidential poll" . Estrategas Infinity. Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023 . ↑ "Alfaromontero" . Amarchante. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ↑ "Data Encuesta Poll" . Diari Opinion. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ↑ "Estrategas Infinity Poll" . Estrategas Infinity. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ↑ "Cedatos poll" . Carlos Verareal. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ↑ "ESTUDIO DE OPINIÓN PÚBLICA ECUADOR OP NACIONAL Informe gráfico Abril 2023" (PDF) . planv/ (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023 . ↑ "Clima Social Poll" . Canva. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023 . ↑ "Luisa Gonzalez will face Daniel Noboa in Ecuador's presidential runoff election" . CNN. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023 . 1 2 "Segunda vuelta 2023: Ecuador tendrá a la primera mujer presidenta electa en las urnas o al presidente más joven de la historia" (in Spanish). El Universo. 20 August 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023 . ↑ "Consulta Popular Chocó Andino / Pichincha / Quito" . CNE. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023 . ↑ "Consulta Popular Yasuní" . CNE. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023 . 1 2 "Ecuador approves repeating legislative elections abroad in person" . El Comercio (in Spanish). 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023 . ↑ "La OEA exhortó al CNE a solucionar "de manera expedita" los problemas en el voto telemático" (in Spanish). La Hora. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023 . ↑ "El sistema de voto telemático en el exterior de Ecuador sufrió ciberataques" (in Spanish). El Nacional. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023 . ↑ "Elections 2023: Ecuadorians in Genoa prepare a march for their right to vote" . Expresso. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023 . ↑ Glatsky, Genevieve (15 October 2023). "Daniel Noboa, Scion of a Banana Empire, Wins Ecuador's Presidency" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023 . 1 2 "Daniel Noboa, political neophyte and heir to banana empire, elected president in Ecuador" . MSN. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023 .
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